ʻApelika Waena ke ola a me nā minelala hao. Hana i ke kokua o Africa

A pau i ke olonā hoomanao i Africa o ka kaua'āinapuniʻole ma ka Honua. Akā, kakaikahi ka poe i ike i Africa - ia mea no hoi i ka "kiʻekiʻe" o ka 'âinapuni, e like me ka mea i he paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe uku o ka awelika kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ilikai. ʻApelika Waena kokua ia ka loa e lauwili a me ka luna ': he mau mauna papa koa, plateaus, nui papu, e hana, a ua lōʻihi Ua ole lua pele.

Kokua ana i kekahi māhele 'āina ua ike ia e pili ana i ka una a me ka' ā ina 'ole o ka ?? eoi? Ee. Kokua ma Africa a me ka'āinapuniʻole ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai i kekahi e pili ai i ka honua o ka'āinapuniʻole. E mākou noʻonoʻo i nui au mamuli kēia pukana.

Plan hōʻike no ke kokua ma Africa

Ano kokua ia e haawi aku i kekahi'āinapuniʻole ma luna o ka maopopo kumumanao. ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ma ka kēia algorithmʻApelika Waena ke ola:

1. Ano nā moku'āina 'una' ole.
2. Ka Ikepili o ka moolelo o ka honua i ka pńpa.
3. Ano o na, a mawaho (exogenous a endogenous) ke ola-kumumea.
4. Description o ka mau 'ano o ka'āinapuniʻole ka ke ola.
5. E auaaeaiea o ka mea i kā mākou a me ka palena iki kiʻekiʻe.
6. Nā minelala hao a me kā lākou wahi ma ka mokuna o ka pelapela a.

Low a me High Africa

Description Africa kokua ia e hoʻomaka me ka mea i ka'āinapuniʻole, a me ka Mapaʻoi o ke hoomaopopo, ua maheleia i mau māhele: ma luna o ka mea kiʻekiʻe a me ka haahaa Africa.

Low Africa Ua oi ma mua o 60% o ka iauae ieiuaae o ka'āinapuniʻole (geographically o ka'ākau, komohana a me ka Central Africa). Ua Ua Kīwala'ō ma ke kiekie o ka 1000 mika. High Africa uhi i ka hema a me ka hikina māhele o ka'āinapuniʻole, ma ka awelika kiʻekiʻe o 1000-1500 mika luna o kaʻilikai. Eia ma laila mau nō hoʻi ka mea kiekie loa - Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 mika), Kenya, a me ka Rwenzori.

General ano o kaʻApelika Waena kokua

Ano, i ka noonoo i ke kumu nui hiʻona o ke kokua ana o Africa.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona mea i ka pelapela a'āina mea i lalo no ka hapanui loa. Mountain papa koa i kokoke ma ka pelapela wale nō i loko o ka hema, a ma ka akau-komohana. Ma East Africa, ka hapanui kŘpa a palahalaha'āina.

Africa ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo i na ano o ke kokua ia: plateaus, papu, Hawaii, plateaus, oioi, buttes a me ka lua massifs. Ma keia hihia aia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka pelapela a ka mea i loa unevenly loko ka mea, e nui ua kūponoʻia ili - papu a me plateaus, a ma luna o nā kihi - puʻu a me ka mauna papa koa. Kēia hiʻona Ua pili me ka una 'ole o Aferika, he nui no e waiho nei ma ke kahiko Precambrian anuu, a ma luna o kona lua penei hooponopono pelu ana nō ia wahi.

No a pau i ke kanaka'ōpiopio mauna nenoai Africa mea wale nō i ka Mea Maluna Iho. Ma ka hikina o ka'āinapuniʻole hiki ma 6000 kilomika lōʻihi nunui Great kēia ho'ālaʻia Valley. I wahi kona mau hewa i hanaʻia, alahula mau lua pele, a ma nā kāwaha ma hanaia hohonu loa Lake.

It E e helu, a me ka nui ano o ke ola o Africa. O nā ka Mea Maluna Iho, ke Drakensberg, a me ka Cape Mountains, kaʻAitiopa Highlands, Highlands Tibesti a me Ahaggar, me ka EastʻApelika Waena Plateau.

Hawaiian Edition mauna

Ke kuahiwi, ano ke kokua o Africa e, e like me ka ua i oleloia, wale ma ka hema a me ka akau-komohana o ka'āinapuniʻole. AnʻApelika Waena mauna papa koa o ka Mea Maluna Iho.

Mea Maluna Iho Mountains originated 300 miliona makahiki aku nei i ka hopena o ka hookui ana o ka Eulńsia a meʻApelika Waena papa. Ma hope, ua ho'ālaʻia ka mea, a hiki i ka nui kiekie ku i ka una hana ia i wahi ma ka pau ana o ka Paleogene. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i olai hana ana ma keia wahi, a kēia manawa.

Mea Maluna Iho ua haku kuhikuhi o ka marl, limestone a me ka lua pele pōhaku kahiko. Ke oa ?? eoi? Ua waiwai metala i eliia, e like me ka pono me phosphorite a me ka aila.

He ka mea nui loa i loko o kuahiwi Africa i ka'ōnaehana i nā lau kūpono kou ia laua mauna papa koa:

• High Hawaiian Edition.
• Rif.
• Loko aku Hawaiian Edition.
• Middle Hawaiian Edition.
• Saharan Hawaiian Edition.
• Anti-Hawaiian Edition.

Ka huina pau loa o ka mauna huahelu - ma kahi o 2.400 kilomika. Ka lani kiekie loa elevations i loaʻa i loko o ka mokuna o Morocco (Mount Toubkal, 4165 mau mika). Ka kiʻekiʻe papa koa lauwili ma waena o 2000-2500 mika.

Drakensberg mauna

Kēia mauna'ōnaehana ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka'āinapuniʻole ua aia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka ekolu'āina - Lesotho, South Africa a me Swaziland. Ke kiekie loa o ka Drakensberg Mountains - Mount Thabana Ntlenyana ma 3482 mika kiʻekiʻe. Nā mauna i hana 360 miliona makahiki aku nei, ma ka Hercynian ka'āina. Ka mea, loaa ae nei i ka inoa weliweli no kona loihi a me ka meli nānā aku.

Ka ?? eoi? Ua waiwai i loko o nā minelala hao: platinum, ke gula, ke tina a me ka lanahu. Unique a me ke aloha ao o ka Drakensberg mauna, ma laila nō kekahi mau endemic? Ueo. Ke kumu nui loa o ka mauna massif (Drakensberg Park) mea he UNESCO.

Drakensberg - He watershed palena ma waena o ka moana Indian ipuʻauʻau, a me ka hoaka o ea i o ka Orange muliwai. Ka mea, i kekahi hanana shape: ko lākou mau poʻo, he palahalaha, tabular, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma ka'aʻaiawāʻana ma o ka uku.

ʻAitiopa Hawaii

ʻApelika Waena ke ola strikingly like. Hereʻoe ke loaʻa kiʻekiʻe mauna papa koa o Alpine type, hilly plateaus, nui papu a me ka hohonu a kāwaha. Kekahi o ka loa hanohano ano o ka hoouka nā moku'āina 'o kaʻAitiopa Hawaii, i loko i ka mea, aia Ethiopia ole wale akā, i 6'ē aʻeʻApelika Waena'āina.

He He maoli kuahiwi huahelu me ka awelika kiekie o 2-3 kilomika a me ka mea kiekie loa ma ka 4.550 mika (Mount Ras Dashen). Aie i ka mea i ho'ākāka 'ano o ka uka wao'āina ua pinepine kapaia ka "kaupaku o Africa". Eia hou, i ka "hale" pinepine Haalulu iho, ma laila e waiho ana no he kiʻekiʻe seismicity.

Highlands Ua hana wale 75 miliona makahiki aku nei. Ua he ka mea pōaka schists a me gneisses overlain ma ka lua pele pōhaku, mai luna. Muli o kona kulana nani loa komohana kumu o kaʻAitiopa Hawaii, haka Canyon o ka Blue muliwai River.

I loko o ka Plateau ka mea, he waiwai deposits o ke gula, ka luaipele, platinum, ke keleawe a me ka hao e hoohehee ai. Eia hou kekahi, ia mea no hoi he nui mahiʻai wahi. ʻAitiopa Hawaii ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka aina hanau o ke kope, e like me kekahi mauʻano likeʻole o ka palaoa.

lua pele Kilimanjaro

Kēia lua pele mea ole wale ke kiekie loa o ka pelapela a (5895 mika), akā, i ke ano o ka hōʻailona no ka mea a pau o Africa. Ka lua pele Ua aia ma luna o ka mokuna o nā'āina - Kenya a me Tanzania. Me ka inoa Swahili o ka lua pele o ia hoʻi, "Kealohilani mauna".

Kilimanjaro punohu ma luna o ka Masai plateau 900 mika ma ka kiʻekiʻe, no laila visually ia mea i ka lua pele o unrealistically kiʻekiʻe. ʻepekema mai i kilokilo pele haʻawina i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma kahi o ( 'ē aʻe ma mua o Loaʻaʻia nā ea puka), naʻe nei ia i ua loaʻa i ka pele, he 400 mau mika mai ka Kibo lua.

E like me ia i nā kaʻao, i ka lua pele lua ma kahi o nā kenekulia aku nei. 'Oiai, he mea ole Documentary hoike o keia. Ke kiekie loa o Kilimanjaro - Uhuru TFX - ka mua lanakila i ka 1889, Hans Meyer. I kēia lā hoʻomaʻamaʻa māmā naʻi o Kilimanjaro. I ka makahiki 2010, i ka Spaniard Kilian Burgada hoonoho iho la i ka honua moolelo ma ka pii a hiki i ka piko o ka lua pele i loko o 5 hola a me 23 minuke.

Kokua ma Africa a me nā minelala hao

Africa - he'āinapuniʻole nunui aneiai Loaʻaʻia, a ua wehewehe aku ma nunui me ke koe o ka likeʻole nā minelala hao me. Eia hou, oi a emi i laumania, iki dissected kokua o ka aina ka poʻea pau i ke kūpono 'ana o ka hana a me ke kukulu ana i alanui a me kekahi' ano o ka 'ōlelo.

Africa mea waiwai i loko o kumu waiwai, ma i hiki ke ulu metallurgy a me petrochemicals. Penei, o ka'āinapuniʻole paʻa i loko o ke ao nei o ka kāpae primacy o ka mau me ke koe o ka posapahate, titanium na mea i eliia, chromite, a me ka tantalum. Ma ka mokuna o Africa hoi i nui hoʻokomo kālā o manganese, keleawe a me ka uranium na mea i eliia, bauxite, ke gula, a me ka hiki diamonds. Ma ka pelapela, pela hoʻokuʻu akula pēlā-kapaia "keleawe kāʻei" - he kāʻei kiʻekiʻe mea pōhakuʻia o, moe mai Katanga a hiki i ka Repubalika o ke Kongo (DRC). Ma waho aʻeo i ka maoli keleawe ka mea, i koʻu mau gula, cobalt, ke tina, uranium a me ka aila.

Eia hou, ma ke alo aku o ka nui loa kona waiwai mea pōhaku kumu waiwai i manaoia, a me kela mau wahi o Aferika, e like me ka Mea Maluna Iho Mountains, North Africa a me WestʻApelika (Guinea, kona hapa).

No lailaʻoe i loaa ike i ke 'o ke kokua ana o ke kaua ikaika'āinapuniʻole o Honua. ʻApelika Waena kokua Ua kū hoʻokahi a me ka nohona, hiki ke loaʻaʻaneʻi i loko o kona 'ano apau loa a pau - mauna papa koa, plateaus a me plateaus, Hawaii, puu a me na awawa.