Alaloa. alanui Rusia

Highway ... Pehea, he pono ole o ka hopuna'ōlelo! Mākou e nā mea a pau ka ike e pili ana i mea ia mea, akā, pinepine mai i ike i ka mea o nā alanui, i ka mämä holo me ka i ae ia e hele a pehea na alanui he nui i loko o Rusia. E ka nana aku i ka moolelo o ka muli o nā alanui, kā lākou mōhaiʻai a me ka wā e hiki mai.

Ka moolelo o ka

Ka mua kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo alanui, iʻikeʻia ma ka hoʻomaka o ka hope kenekulia ma Italy. I ka makahiki 1924, ua hui pū kekahi i kekahi mau nui kulanakauhale - Milan a me Varese. alanui lōʻihi ua 85 ei. Interestingly, e hana i ka puu o ka hua'ōlelo "kuamoʻo" hele mai, mai Italia. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XXI kenekulia, ua kūkuluʻia ka aina oi ma mua o 6,000 kilomika o expressways.

Kekahi luawai-ike ka inoa o ke alanui - "Autobahn" - ikea ma Germany. I ka 1932, i ke alanui pili i ka Cologne, a Bonn, kona lōʻihi ua wale 20 ei. Mea mea: ma Germany, ua kūkuluʻia aku ma mua o 3,500 kilomika o kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo alanui mua 1941. Ma ka manawa o ka manawa, ua oi aku mamua o 13.000 kilomika o ke alanui.

I ka lā, kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo alanui, - ka mea, o ka loa hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka honua alanui type. Alakai kulana i loko o ka hana o ka meheu o China. Ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomaka o ka 2015 ua like i aneane 112 000 ei.

I Rusia, i ka hana o ka kiʻekiʻe-māmā alanui nā lā hoʻi i Soviet manawa. Eia naʻe, kūkulu, e helu i ka helu o nā alanui mea,ʻaʻole hiki. Holo nōhie oia i alanui i loko o Rusia - e hoʻokaʻawale pauku o n oaa?.

pele ana

I ala hele ua manaoia e ia Rusia ka māmā holo? Highway - he alanui me kekahi kalepa ae la lakou hoailona, me kekahi mau alaʻololī ma nāʻaoʻao, hoʻokaʻawaleʻia me ka kūikawā malu a me ka mahele ana i loloa. Kēia alanuiʻAʻohe Huina ma me ka mea'ē aʻe i ka ia kiʻekiʻe (kekahi kuʻina mea hiki wale ma ka alahaka a me underpass).

Ma ke kuamoʻo e hiki ole i ka neʻeʻana o nā iaoeo, holoholona, a pau ka violaʻumi a kaa, ka mämä holo i oi aku 40 km / h. O nā poʻe kau paikikala, mopeds, nā kaʻa kauō a me kekahi 'ē aʻe ka hoʻoponopono-propelled kaa. Ua mea i unacceptable i ka lehulehu amo , a no ka ohua hi a me ia i kona kalaka i 'ae' ia ana i loko o nā wahi i koho ia no ka i? Iaie?.

Ua Ua pāpā 'ia e ka U-huli, a komo i ka wahi i wāhiʻia hookaawale ana e hoomaemae ia mea unacceptable reversing a kipaku aʻo. No laila, e waiho ana i ke alanui, e ao mai i ka uhai i ka rula.

RF ala kaʻa

I ka papa kuhikuhiE alanui i loko o Rusia e hoʻomaka ana ma Moscow. Ua paipai i ka hapanui o na alanui kūkulu i ka manawa o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a hoohuliia no kēia koi. I ka pa apŘ o kona pukapuka ma ka Europa hapa o ka aina i ka lani kiekie loa. Main alanui pāhawewe hou mai Moscow. Ke hou akau oe e hele i ka emi-ulu mea ulana pukapuka, o ke alanui. Ma ka Hōʻole akula Hawaiian a me Siberian Federal Apana, alanui he nui ka poe i pili i ka nui motorways. Me kanaka kulanakauhale memo mea hiki wale nō i loko o ke kau, a laila wale ma ka lewa.

Lūkini alanui i ka huina pau loa o ka 1,396 miliona ei, a loaa he paakiki ka penaʻana - 984 000 ei. I kulike ai me ke kānāwai ma luna o ka Mea Maluna o alanui ka mea, i kekahi mau waeʻano, aʻo nā mea o ka waiwai,ʻaʻole wale nō ka moku'āina akā, no hoi i e ka Office o ka Russian Hui, e like me kanaka. O nā ke ala o ka pekelala, o nā 'āina a me ka kulanakauhale, kūloko nā loina. Nō hoʻi, ma laila nō nā alanui.

pekelala alanui

aupuni pekelala alanui he paa pūnaewele, a i e holo. Ka papa i apono ia e ke Aupuni Lūkini, ka mea, i ka moku'āina waiwai. Na alanui a me ka kekahi helu e kū ana i loko o ke alo o ka palapala. I mai o kēia mau mea pili i ka pekelala?

Mua, ka mea, 'o nā alanui ai pili aku i ke kapikala o Rusia - Moscow - me na poo o ke kokoke'āina, e like me ka hoʻomalu ioauoa o ka Russian Hui. Oia'ūlili e pākuʻina kau "M", i kēia mau loaʻa:

- M1 "Belarus" - "Minsk alanui" - e kuhikuhi ana Moscow a me Rusia e moe ana ma Belarus.

- m2 "Crimea" - e hoohui i ka Europa ala E105 Moscow, Tula a me Kharkov me.

- M5 "Ural" - me ka lōʻihi nui o 1879 ei, a e hoʻohui Moscow i Chelyabinsk.

Ka lua, ka mea, o ke alanui ai pili aku i ke kaʻawale, hoʻomalu-oaio? A mawaena o lakou iho. Ka mea, i ka "P" pākuʻina kau:

- P22 "Caspian" - kekahi o ka loihi o nā 'āina alanui ka lōʻihi o ka 1381 ei. He hapa o Europa ala hele E119, i holo Moscow, Tambov, Volgograd a me Astrakhan ma.

- P504 "Kolyma" - o ka lōʻihi o ka oi ma mua o 2000 ei. Mea he kī alanui Aole loa East. Ua hele mai Yakutsk a hiki i Magedala.

Ekolu, - ka hookipaia a me ka pili mau kuamoo e hiki hoʻohui i ke kulanakauhale me ke kai a me ka muliwai awa, airports a alahao wahi, e like me ia me nā amo aka wahi. "A" ka mea, i nā mea a pau hōʻike 'ia ma ka pākuʻina kau.

Ma January 1, 2018, e hele mai i loko o ka lalau wale, he hou ka papa inoa o Lūkini aupuni pekelala alanui. Aia E e ole mahele i kumu? Ooia, a me na mea e ae. Nā loli i loli i ka helu a me ka inoa o nā alanui. I ka wā e hiki mai kokoke i ka mämä holo o ke ala, e ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 130 km / h.

Road "Moscow - Noginsk"

Distance Moscow Noginsk i mea wale 58 ei. Kēia ala i kēia holo ma ke ala loa M7 "Volga", moe mai Moscow ma Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Ufa a me ka loa. Ke alanui i ke aupuni pekelala nui. Ua hiki ole kaena kiʻekiʻe nona iho, ka mea i kēia manawa ma luna o ka mea hiki ke hele mai 3 a hiki i 7 tausani kaa no ka lā. No ka mea, o keia, he mea pinepine kalepa ae la lakou Jam a me congestion ma ke komo ana i Moscow.

Ma nānaina o ka māhuahua aupuni neʻe hoʻoholo e waiho ma ka wahi hou alanui "Moscow-Noginsk". Kēia alanui mea i kekahi koho no ka M7, a e e uku.

ua lilo uku alanui loa mahalo i loko o ka ulu 'aina, ka mea o kēia manawa i ka huli, a me Rusia. I ka papahana ka hoʻomaka 'i loko o 2014, ka mea hope loa commissioning hoʻopaʻa' ia no 2017. He keia alanui, e kōkua i ka höʻike aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE laina, a e ae nā kupa o Noginsk, e hele i ke kapikala no 20-30 minuke. Ua makemake He kōkua nui no ka poʻe hana ma Moscow e.

Uku alanui "Moscow - Noginsk" e i ka 'auhau o ka 30,000 kaa no ka lā. Me i ke 6 me na ala ololi ma ka e like me mamua a me ka mämä holo mai 120 km / h, i ke alaloa, e kōkua i ka loa kń i ka manawa e hele, a, e hoʻonui loa oluolu no Keaukaha. Ke momona no keia ala hele ua,ʻaʻole iʻikeʻia - ole ia, e e paa ai, e hilinaʻi ma ka holo kaʻa kālā. I ka manawa, ma muli o ia ka mea uuku puu dala ua wale hapa 'ia' kukulu expressway.

Ke ala hele "Moscow - St. Petersburg"

Ma ka manawa, St. Petersburg a me Moscow pili ana i ka M10 aupuni pekelala alanui E105 "Rusia", hahao i loko o ana i loko o ka XIX kenekulia. I ka pili ma waena o nā poo, elua la o Petero i? Aaony au, a lawe mai i ka papahana, a ua lilo ia i eiiet wai kahua memo. I kēia lā alanui lōʻihi o 706 ei. Aie i ka mea liilii, nona iho a me ka haahaa mämä holo ma keia ala hele pinepine i congestion. I ka po, ma ke ala holo i 130-170 tausani kaa, a me ka mämä holo i ka puka a hiki i Moscow i ka 10 km / h. Ma nānaina o keia he mau makahiki aku nei, aia i kekahi papahana e kūkulu i kekahi alanui, "Moscow - St. Petersburg" M11.

Road "Moscow - St. Petersburg" e e hapa 'ia' uku. Kona lōʻihi, e e 684 ei, a ia nae e puku i ke kanawai M10 alanui i keia la. E kau i ka hana i kekahi alanui ua? Oaony i ka 2018. I ka lā, kekahi mau wahi kūkulu: 15 ia 58 ei mai Moscow a hiki i Solnechnogorsk, a 258 ka 334 ei - ma Vyshny Volochek holo alaʻokoʻa i loko o ka Tver māhele 'āina.

Ka wā e pili ana i pena alaloa, e i, e lawe i ka mooolelo climatic ana. ʻEhā mau mea i kela kapa ma ke alahele, i he okoa aniau: Moscow, a Tver okoa pakiko oe Hawaiian, a me Novgorod a me Leningrad - malumalu Hawaiian kai. A pau o ka ulia loli i loko o ke ana wela hiki ino pili i ke alanui 'ilikai, a me ka hopena i hoomaunauna aku ai i nā kumu waiwai i loko o naniʻole. No laila, pono e loa nui ka hoʻokokoke i ke koho ana o ka mea papa hele. Mai kēia hilinaʻi nui i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke alanui.

Highway "Moscow - St. Petersburg" e ia mai ka 2 a hiki i 5 me na ala ololi ma kēlā me kēia alakaʻi a me ka mämä holo o ka 150 km / h. Kēia e me ka nui loa emi i ka Hotele manawa ma waena o nā kūlanakauhale a me ka hoʻoikaika aku ana no Keaukaha. Oaeuiinoe kāki no ka hele ana ma keia laina e ia ma kahi o 1.200 rubles. Na mea a pau e hilinaʻi ana ma ka manawa o ka lā, a me ka kekahi mahele o ke ala. Pela, ke alanui "Moscow - Saint - Petersburg" e ia i ka lua o ka uku 'ala kaʻa ma Rusia. He mea pono e möakäka hou i ka uku e ia ma kahi o 60% o ke alanui o lalo kūkuluʻia, a me 'oe e hana me ka uku ole, a me kaʻikena alanui M10.

"Moscow - Beijing" - nana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai

Moe e kuhikihi East a me West ua mau hoʻa'āʻia i loko o ka naau o enterprising kanaka. I ka lā, i ka hana o ke alaloa ai pili aku Moscow a me Beijing, ua i hiki. I ka 2014, ua kakauinoaia ka Memo Kākau ma waena o Rusia a me Kina, e kūkulu kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo alahao "Moscow - Beijing".

I keia la, i ka hua ai pili aku i ka aina elua, mea ma ke alanui a hiki i 130 hola - e Aloha 6 lā. I ka hoʻokō 'ia' i kekahi papahana e kiʻi mai Beijing i Moscow e e hiki i nā lā, lanakila i ka mamao o ka 7000 ei i ka mämä holo o ka 350 km / h. Alu like 'ana me ka Pākē alahao, e lawe mai i ka pilina paʻa papa hana o nā Kina a me Rusia, e like me malama me ka pili maikaʻi ma waena o Europa a me Asia.

Eia hou, i ka alanui "Moscow - Beijing" e hoʻonui ai i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Urals Pekelala Apana. He hui i ke koa i loko o ia mau kulanakauhale: Kazan, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, a laila, - Astana (oneiaey), Urumqi a me Beijing. I ka papa kuhikuhiE a iniiaiie hana mea e hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe-ka māmā holo alanui, Moscow a me Kazan. No keia hopena, China e i kona enehana a e ke kālele '$ 10 ieeeea?. Ieaie? Oaony e ke hoʻokō 'ia ka papahana ma ka 2030.

"Moscow - Kazan" - o ka hou kōmi

Highway "Moscow - Kazan" E e ka mea hiki e emi i ka noho manawa ma ke alanui i ka 3.5 hola. Kona hou palena manawa i Yekaterinburg e ae, e uhi i ka loihi o ka 1595 ei i ka 8 hora. N ieaie? Holo ana mai a hiki i 400 km / h kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki Loko ma ke ala. e hahai hōʻeleu i nā 'āina' Loko ma ka mamao o 200 ei ma ka mämä holo o ka 200 km / h.

Ma ke alaloa? Oaony e komo ai kākou ma hōʻeleu i ka pō lōʻihi-haul Loko, like hoʻi me waiwai a me ka ipu kekahi kaʻao. Speed oeeo? I 160 km / h. E hoʻopiha i ke alahao laina "Moscow - Kazan" ieaie? Oaony i ka 2018. e aha kona? ieoaeunoaa? Kuhikuhi i ka i hana no ka heluna. Poe akamai i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ka hana ana o ke alanui i loko o ka Urals e kōkua revitalize ka holoʻokoʻa hanalima luna '. Kekahi kilomika o alahao laina, e lawe ma kahi o 16 tausani cubic mika o ka maikai iliili, ma kahi o 15 tausani na tona o ka ikaika pōhaku puna kanu'ōiwi o kiʻekiʻe loa quality, 125 na tona o ka kila a me ka 25 na tona o ka hoino aku pūnaewele. No ka mea kūʻai o kēia mau mea, mai kahi'ē, e hoopai i ka nui o ke kālā, a e hoomahuahua i ka lilo ana o ka papahana, a, no laila, pono e ma wahi e hoʻoikaika '? Iecaianoaaiiuo enehana a me ka hoomahuahua i ko lakou mea e like ai. Local pāʻoihana ke Makuakane me kēia pilikia, a hōʻoia 'ia ai no na makahiki kanaka hana.

"Moscow - Don"

Pekelala alanui "Moscow - Don" M4, no laila, i kapaʻia no ka mea, i ka pau ana o ka hope ke kenekulia, i kukulu ia i ka makahiki 1967. Ma ia manawa i ke ala holo mai ke kapikala ma ka Voronezh i Rostov-ma-Don, a elua ana me na ala ololi i 7 mau mika ka laula. I kakahiaka 1991 ka Track i hoopomaikai io e 500 ei, a me kona hope mākaʻikaʻi i ka Novorossiysk. No laila, he laekahi alanui M4 "Don" ma ka hou o kaʻokoʻa i nā wahi. He hana hoihoi 'ia ka mea, ua ka mua alanui uku wahi me ka ala i ua he detour Hlevnoe kauhale, a i ka lōʻihi o 20 ei.

I kēia manawa ke kuamoʻo "Moscow - Don" o ka maikaʻi i loko o Rusia. Ke wale drawback mea i loko o ke kau ia mea piha o hi i ka kekahi, a ma ka kekahi ao ao. He nui o Moscow mau wahi e pili ana, a hele me ko lākou mauʻohana i hoomaha i ke kai. Ke Track hiki aku ai i ka Krasnodar a me Stavropol nā panalāʻau e, Rostov Oblast a me Crimea. Back i ka mea ia manawa kipaku ma keʻano o kaʻai, a hua mai i ka hema wahi o Rusia ma St. Petersburg Moscow, a me ka akau wahi o ka aina.

I ka hooilo manawa i kaawale pauku o ke alanui, o ka oi aku ma Krasnodar, ma ka Track hele ma mauna, i snowdrifts a me ka ikaika ka hau. Kata map hiki aeie kalepa ae la lakou ma ke ala no kekahi mau lā. Penei, o ka hehee ai i ka 2009, e hooki aku i ka neʻeʻana mai o nā kaa ma na alanui unrepaired wahi i loko o ka Rostov māhele no kekahi mau lā.

Kekahi pilikia - kalepa ae la lakou Jam pinepine ana ma aiiia i loko o ka Moscow'āina, e like me ka uku o ka uku mau mea, e lawe i kekahi manawa.

Ma na mea he nui alanui uku wahi, a me ka mea haawi mai i ka nui ia Morohiha maluna o noa alanui. Mua, he alaloa? Aaeei M4 i ka pauku o ka 130 km / h, a me ka hapanui loa - 110 km / h. ʻO ka lua, i keia uku ka mea pono i ka alanui nui o aneane a pau ma luna o ke alanui, a me ia mea. Ke kolu, ma ka uku kahua komo hana no Keaukaha - pilikia kōkua. Maikaʻi manaʻo - wikiō me SOS kakauinoa kela 1.5 ei. Inā he ua he mokuāhana a holo mai o ke kinoea, e kiʻi i ka lenalena pahu, a ua ike hoi, e kōkua koke oe.

Speed aeaciui ai

High-mämä holo alahao laina i loko o kona mōʻaukala uhukiia i loko o ke kenekulia i hala iho nei. ʻO ka Soviet manawa he mau manao e kūkulu kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki Loko, e like me ke kaʻa - he prototype mokulele hēkī Loko Ka. Kona hoao ana i wahi i loko o ka 1970s. Next ia? Ac? He kūikawā kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki alanui pāhana, a i manao iho e hoʻohui Moscow me Kharkov a me Lozova me na lala i Simferopol a me Rostov-ma-Don. hele mämä holo ma ia alanui e e 250 km / h.

Eia naʻe, i ka'opi o ka Soviet Union alakai aku ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai ulia, a me na mea kuka a pau e noho ana i loko o ka mamao i hala. Ka hooulu ana o ka kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo nalowale "Sokol-250" alakai aku ai i kona ho'āʻo i ka makahiki 2000, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea hewa i loaʻa ma ke Komisina, ka mea i ike ole i loko o hana. Eia hou, i ka lilo o ka hoike i ko lakou mau kiʻekiʻe-māmā ua hiolo pua paha mamua o ka ana palena, a me ka mea, ua ho'ēmi e kūʻai kāinoa mua aku nei i loko o Europe, Loko Ka Ua hala ka hōʻike.

'Aelike ma waena o JSC "Lūkini aeaciua ai" a me ka Kelemānia poe Siemens Ua kakauinoa ia ma ka makahiki 2006 no ka haawi ana i 8 kiʻekiʻe-wikiwiki Loko, hiki i ka mämä holo i ka 330 km / h. Ua haawi ia ka huakaʻi mua i ka 2008, a koe ma ka holo ana ma luna o ka ala "Moscow -. St. Petersburg" Highway "Moscow - St. Petersburg" e loaa ike loea hua lole uhi o ka mamao ma waena o nā kūlanakauhaleʻelua i loko o 3 hola a me 45 minuke.

Na kekahi kiʻekiʻe-māmā hua lole ʻikeʻia ma luna o ke ala hele "Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod". Travel manawa ua 3 hola 55 minuke. Kēia ala i hamama i ka ohua, mai ka hapalua like-2010. Ma ka pau ana o ka makahiki 2010, ua lilo i loaʻa kiʻekiʻe-māmā palapala o ka lahui nui "St. Petersburg - Helsinki".

alanui o ke kulanakauhale alii

Moscow, e like kekahi metropolis, Ua awash i kaa. Ka hapanui o kanaka e noho ana ma ke keʻena wahi a hele aku i ka hana i loko o ke kulanakauhale no ka ikona a hoʻokipa i loko o kou mau amo. Akā, Eia naʻe, i ka aeuiiai ieaia? Aʻole 'ae' ia mau? Anoe i ke alanui. E hoʻonā i kēia pukana ma Moscow hoʻoholo i kūkulu i kekahi kiʻekiʻe-māmā ala kaʻa. Prior i ka hoʻomaka o ka XXI kenekulia i ka manaʻo o "alaloa", a pakahi aku la ia i loko o nā palena o ka metropolis, i mai nei. ? Ac? O hou papahana e höʻike aku i ka amo ana o 60% o ka Central alanui o ke kūlanakauhale.

Kekahi o nā koi: kiʻekiʻe-māmā alanui Moscow e lawe aku mai ka noho wahi, a i ke kiʻekiʻe māmā. E hoʻoponopono i kēia mau pilikia, ka mea i hooholoia e kń i ka helu o ke alanui, Haʻalele i ka, a me kekahi o ia mau mea, aole ia i alakai i kekahi Home Land. Ia ia i ka neʻe aku hiki, e hoʻonui i ka mämä holo o ke ala i hiki i 100 km / h.

I kēia manawa, ua ike e pili ana i ka papahana o ka ekolu? Ooia: North-East, South a me Akau-West. All alanui e i alii, a kamaʻilio me interconnected. Mau laina (a chord), e like me ka mana, e puku i ka ha amo apo. No keia mea ka mea, ua? Oaony e hoʻohui i ka North-West a me Akau-Hikina o ke apo i loko o ka wahi o ka Festival o ke alanui, a me Hema chord e kela kapa o ka North-West ma ka Krylatskoye apana. Ma keia e pili ana i ka O Keaukaha e e hiki ke hele mai kekahiʻaoʻao o ke kulanakauhale a hiki i ka 'ē aʻe, me ke komoʻana i ke kūlanakauhale waena.

Nā hualoaʻa a kalepa ae la lakou pilikia o ka nui kūlanakauhale i kāʻia e alanui. Alanui i ka detour, ma ka outskirts o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka ae ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoala uwapo interchanges e waiho ana i ka metropolis konu noa o ka hoʻokali kūpono' kalepa. E like me ka papahana ma Moscow ecia ieaie? Oaony i ka chord pono ole ālai ia 'i, i ka mea ia manawa e lawelawe nei i ka lehulehu. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka kuʻina o ka noho mau mea, e e kekahi hoalaia mau alanui ma luna o ke kumu nui loa o ke alanui a hele lola honua.

Speed ma ke ala, hoi, 'aʻole i hoʻi i hope huahelu. Mau loea, mai e hele mai i ka manaʻo ma luna o kēia pukana. He aha ka mämä holo ana ma luna o ka ala i loko o ke kūlanakauhale? Kekahi manaoio - i oi aku mamua o 80 km / h, oiai kekahi poe hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale ia ina hoomahuahua i ka maluhia, hiki e mahuahua ai ka mämä holo i 100 km / h. Ano, e like me kaʻike, e like hae aponoia ma ka kulanakauhale: māmā hiki ole oi aku mamua o 60 km / h.

Ma Rusia i keia la ua kauohaʻia he wahi lihi iki o ka papahana ma luna o kūkulu o alanui - nā alanui a me ka hoino aku. Ua olelo e pili ana i ke kūpono 'ana o ka hoʻokele waiwai, a e hoʻonui ia mea i ka pono o ka moku'āina like me ka a pau.