Aupuni loaa a me na kumu o ke kālā instability: i ka loiloi 'ia o empirical haʻawina

Nā kumu o nā kālā instability, ka hapanui economists hoʻohuiʻia me ka i lawekahikiʻia nenoaiu. No ka laʻana, Kaminsky a me Richard wehe ae kŰia o "māhoe crises", a loaʻa ka hui panakō ulia, a me ka ulia o ka koena o ka hookaa ana. Nā kākau pū e hoailona oukou i ka Episode i ka mea, kālailai, i ka hui panakō kaiaulu pilikia pele e pākuʻi mua kālā crises, a me ka hope, alaila, deepen hui panakō crises, ho okumu i ka vicious kalapona, kūpono ma me ka nui loa hoemi aupuni i loaʻa ai, a hoolilo.

He nuiʻimi naʻauao haʻawina, a kālailai i ka ho'ākāka 'ia i kanawai o ka maʻiʻaʻai, ma ka helu o nā kumumea ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka laha ana o ka ulia mai kekahi aupuni i kekahi, ka loaʻa o ke aiao o ka lākiō ma waena o kālā a me ke kumukūʻai aha kanaka, keʻa-aupuni hui panakō a me ka haole kalepa ana a me kā lākou hopena ma luna o ke aupuni i loaʻa.

Ke'ī mai, ma ka pōʻaiapili o ke kaʻa poepoeʻana, i ka puka o ke kālā aha kanaka, i ke anoe o ka haole kuai hoomahuahua i ka hoʻonuiʻana ka pilikia o ke kālā instability a me ka hoʻoponopono ulia mai kekahi aupuni i kekahi. A pau i kēia manawa 'ano apau loa i ke kamepiula kumumea mediating moku'āina i loaʻa o ka Russian Hui a me kona haʻawina kumupaʻa. Ka hikiāloaʻikepili i loko o ia ka hoʻolilo 'ia o ka noho mana ana mea hana o kēia e kū'ē'ē mai.

Macroeconomic hooponopono ana i loko o ke au o ke kālā instability-yeiiiie? Aneiai downturn E e hoʻomōhala ma ka malama ana oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe, a e ma muli o ka wahi koi pohō a me ka hikiāloaʻikepili. Ke kumu nui na mea o ka hikiāloa hooponopono o oicyenoaaiiie pōʻaiapuni, a hooholo moku'āina i loaʻa nō, e like me kaʻike, a me ka 'akomi discretionary kumu hoʻohālikelike a. Ka laulā a me ka adequacy o ka 'akomi stabilizers ma ka manawa o ka hoʻoponopono ulia e hoʻomano kamaʻilio nui i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai moʻokalaleo. Akomi stabilizers ua ma muli o ka mea i ka wā hoʻokahi ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka auhau a me ka emi i? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka hoomahuahua i na koina, i nui ka nohona wehe ', o ka a pau i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoikaika aupuni hoike. I ka pono o ka 'akomi stabilizers o ia mea, hana symmetrically ma ka pāʻoihana kalapona: i aku - ka mea, i ka hopena koke, ka mea i emi susceptible i pili aupuni keiki.

He hoi he kaulana wahi o ka manao, e like me ka mea i loko o ke au o ka recession-yeiiiie? Aneiai crises, i ka hana o ka 'akomi stabilizers mea,ʻaʻole lawa; he mea i pono ai no ka discretionary ka hikiāloaʻikepili ana. Hoomaopopo i ka pono a me ka desirability o ho'ā 'ia paha i ka discretionary ka hikiāloa kulekele e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o ka keia manawa i loko o ke ao nei hoʻokele waiwai puu hua palaoa, economists e lohe i ka loa kūpono hana, e malama i ke aupuni i loaʻa ai ma ka pae kūpono, Loiloi i ka laulā o kēia mau mea paahana no nāʻano o nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai. A like lawelawe 'ia e ka IMF loaʻa i ka loa ka hoʻokō hana o ka hikiāloa kulekele i loko o ka ulu' aina, ma ke kanawai o ka discretionary ana mea maikaʻi i loko o ka pōkole a me ka meakino kau, oiai i loko o ka pukaʻana wahi, pōkole-makahiki hookoia mea 'oluʻolu, a me ka meakino-manawa - ka io. I ka lawelawe 'ia ho hōʻike i ka discretionary stimulus AEeAaOA ma kekahi pakeneka hiki aku ai i ka mahuahua ma ka GDP ma ka awelika o ka ma kahi o 0,1 - 0.2 pakeneka.

Ka hikiāloa hoʻoponopono i recessions muli ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka papa hana mau i ka hopena ma luna o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe - mea e hoonui aupuni ke kālā iā hakumakuma auhau. Ka loa controversial o ka ninau o ka laulā o ka mahuahua ke kālā e hoʻoulu oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe. Neo-Keynesians hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ka māhuahuaʻana i loko o ke aupuni ke kālā i ka maikaʻi ia ma luna o ka pau o ka hokii, a me ka ulu ana o maoli uku. Eia naʻe, he nui economists kuhikuhi ana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana 'ana i na mea paahana, e like me ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ke aupuni ke kālā mai ka mea, i mea makehewa wale a me ka malama i ka pono o ka nui o kēia mau pūʻulu, ma mua o ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me ka a pau. Ua Ua hoao aku au ia ia i ka hana o ka hikiāloa multipliers i hiki e io, ina o ka ulu ana i loko o ke aupuni ke kālā, ultimately,ʻo ia ke emi ma kekahi waiwai kūʻai a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana hokii. Eia hou, ua kaulana he nui noiʻi i ka māhuahuaʻana i loko o ke aupuni ke kālā lawelawe 'ana me ka deterrent no ka lōʻihi-makahiki aneiai ulu. Nā haʻawina Ua hōʻike pū i ka hikiāloa kou akamai mea emi pono no ka hamama nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai, kahi e e offset na hana o ka hikiāloa mea hana ma ka kapikala kumu hoʻohālikelike a me ka hoonohonoho hou kōmi? Eia.

Ka pilikia o ka hoʻoulu Bedroom hoolilo pili me ka hoomahuahua i loko o inflationary malihini. No ka'āina a me ka hopena maikaʻi koena o ka uku a me ka inflexible hoonohonoho hou ana, i ka mea ulu i loko o ke aupuni ke kālā hiki i ka maopopo hopena maikaʻi 'ole.