Codification o Justinian me ke kumu o Roma kānāwai: cia lā

Hawaiian Roman aupuni a pau no ka lōʻihi manawa i ka hope paʻa o ka panina Roma kānāwai mālama kona mau mooolelo a me philosophies. Ka noho alii ana o Justinian hoike mai nawaliwali, a me kekahi obsolete canonical loio i mau hae i hoʻohana i ia mau lā. No ia mea, ulu codification (hoʻololi), a huli i ka walaʻauʻana tenets o Roma kānāwai, ka loio a me ka factual kulana. Ma keia hihia, Justinian Ua ulu i ka lākou o nā kānāwai, e lawe aku oe i ka oko ao ma waena o ka panina kānāwai (jus vetus) o ka Great Roma aupuni a pau, a me ka pono a hiki i ka hou manawa (jus novus) hoʻomohala ma luna o nā kumukānāwai a me kanawai o ka moana i Emperor. Kēia hana kūpono ma ka codification o Emperor Justinian.

Nä Pahuhopu a me ka maʻiʻo

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka hanaia'na ua i ka hooulu ana o ka hookahi rulebook, he lākou o nā rula a me ka loio i manaÿo, a i ua hui a kahiko pono, jus vetus, a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia imperial kanawai. Kēia 'ia paha o nā kānāwai, a ua manao ia e ka ikaika hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka hana ana i loio i hoʻoholo, a ma ka hooponopono ana i ka pono. A i ka wā i hele ai i ka nā kānāwai a me nā kauoha o ka Emperor, ka mea, ua nui maʻalahi e hana - a pau o ka hou kumukānāwai ua mau paʻi. Akā, nā loio i ai i hoakaka ia i loko o ia mau mea, a ua pinepine hōʻoki aku paha i hoakaka ia like obsolete. No laila, i ka pā kula o ka codification o Justinian ma laila, a ua lilo ia i mea nui ka hou o nei loio i hoiliili ole. A e hana i kēia mea, ua pono no laila, i nā mea a pau mahope loli i ua i loko o nā wahi a pau o ke aupuni a pau, a pela zakonotolkovaniem i ka hana wale nō me ka mea maikaʻi loio i manaʻo o ka manawa.

Ka mea, ua oi paʻakikī e hoʻohana iniiaiie kumu o ka Classic Roma kānāwai, he nui o ka i mua i ia manawa, he hopelessly nalowale, no laila, i kapa ia ia i ka Ho 'Oponopono hana. Ma ka kekahi lima,ʻo ia mau mea hana ma luna a me ka hooponopono ana o ka hoopai, replete me nāʻokoʻa a me Logical hewa. Nolaila, kela loio i manao i loko o kēlā me kēia hihia o ka hoopaapaa strikingly okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Ke mau pāʻoihana ua wale nānā 'ana i ka huina helu o ka balota, a ua loʻohia verdict. Ma pōkole, i ke aupuni a pau o Justinian iʻaʻole maopopo hoakaka me ka maopopo, a kūlike loa loio i mau rula, a i manao ai i ka manaʻo pono, e hana i kēia hoʻoilina a me ke kālā no ilina kanawai, loio i kūmau a me nā kānāwai, e lawe mai i ka loio i'ōnaehana i loko o ka ikaika o kaʻaeʻana me ka uhane o ka Roma kānāwai.

chronology

Feberuari 528, ka Justinian loaʻa no ka hooulu ana o ka hou rula, a me na kumu o ka kahiko Roma jurisprudence. Justinian codification i ohi ia e kekahi panel o umi kanaka, i ka i ana i komo Tribonian. Ma Aperila, o ka ia makahiki, hele mai i ka Code o Justinian, a komo pū paʻiʻia nā mea a pau i ka manawa o ke kumu kanawai kanawai a me kekahi palapala i Emperor. A piha ohi ana o olelo kupaa, a me nā kumukānāwai o ka mua luna o ka hikina mai Roman aupuni a pau, i ka helu o ka oi aku mamua o ekolu tausani i ua loa redesigned a ana hōʻike. I ka pau ana o ka 530, oia hana kekahi Komisina alakai loio poai puni ia e Tribonianom. Keia manawa ia komo Kumu Academy Kronstantinopolya Kratina Teopilo, Dorotheus a me Agatoly Beritskie a me kekahi mau alakai loio. I ka hana ana o ke Komisina i, e kūkulu i ka lākou o ka loio i kūmau, lilo iho la ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE Contemporary loio i 'epekema.

Part o ka codification o Justinian

Codification maheleia i mau'āpana, kela mea keia mea o i ka Naauao kekahi maʻi lele loio i manaʻo kōkua a me nā nīnau. I ka pau ana o ka makahiki 530, hele mai i ka ai-kapaia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo - hoiliili ole o pōkole nā pōʻalo, mai ka hana o ka panina Roma jurists. Ka poʻe me ka hōʻuluʻulu? Ac? Puke no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kānāwai no ka opiopio loio - kulanui. Ma hope iho o ia i hana, a hoʻoponopono ma ka kivila o imperial kumukānāwai. Emperor pololei komo i loko o ka ke kaha kiʻiʻana o kēia mau palapala a me ka hana i nā noi a me ka hoololi, hope hui ma lalo o ka inoa "Ka codification o Justinian."

Table māhele codification hooku iho la ia ma lalo:

Ka mua a me ka lua o ka paiia ana o codifications

Ke Edition mua o ka Code o na Kanawai o uaʻikeʻia e like me ka "codification o Justinian." Ua hoemiia ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo kona Contents i ekolu māhele: hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, kulanui a me nā loina. Eia naʻe, i loko o ka loiloi mua mana o ka palapala a hiki i ka manawa lā i ole, ua malamaia. Noonoo ana i na mamo o ka oi nui ka papa inoa o ka codification i hoʻolauna - ka ai-kapaia lua Edition. Kēia 'ia paha o nā kānāwai i kākauʻia mai ma hope o ka make ana o Justinian, ma muli o ka hana ana o kona Komite, a, haawiia mai kona hoololi. Ka lua o ka Edition Ua lilo ike like me ka "Codex repetitae praelactionis". A me ka Classic ekolu-apana, e komo i ka ai-kapaia novels, i poe i ka ohi ana i imperial kumukānāwai, paʻiʻia ma hope o ka puke o ka mua puke "Ka codification o Justinian." Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka i ka nui o keia hana hiki ke wehewehe ma ka hopena o kēia hana ma luna o ka hou 'ana o Europa loio i manaʻo. He nui na loio i kūmau i hana i ke kumu o medieval kivila kānāwai. Nolaila, ia mea pono e nana i ka constituent māhele o ka palapala i loko o nui au mamuli.

imperial kumukānāwai

Mua o nā mea a pau, Justinian au uku hoʻolohe i nā hālāwai likeʻole o ka imperial kumukānāwai. Kona nui hana i, e waiho ma ka mea a pau i ka loio i ai i ua loaa ma luna o ke kenekulia ma hope o ka puke o ka luawai-ike loio i rarity. Komisina o Jurists halawai ana o ka makahiki, i ka hopena o ko lākou hanaʻana i ka Summa reipublicae, i hoopau ia a pau mua kānāwai a me nā kumukānāwai, a hai mai la i na rula hou o Hookolokolo hoʻoholo a me ka loio i hoopaapaa. Ka mea, ua i ka ho'āʻo mua i maopopo i ka loio i'āina hoʻoili o ka hala, a me ka mea, ua lawe mai kupono hopena. Ke Auguseto Ua maikaʻi nō ia me ka hana, a me ke kānāwai ma luna o ka hookamaia o hou rula, kuu ae ma April 7529 makahiki.

Digesty

Emperor Justinian ua hiki ke ohi, a hoonohonoho i noi i ka manawa o ka he kānāwai - leges. Ano, ia ia e hana i ka ia ma ka pili ana i ka panina kūmau o Roma kānāwai - ka ai-kapaia jus vetus. Ka hou 'oihana ua nui ma mua o ka mea mua, a me ka hana ua nui hou pilikia me ia. Akā, me ka 'oihana hana me ka ua puka ka Code, a me kaʻeleu hana o nā kānaka kōkua ma Justinian hoʻoikaika i ka olelo hooholo, e hoʻomau i ka hana. 15 December 630, ke olelo paa ua paʻi Deo auctore, a Tribonianu manao e hana i kēia pilikia hana, koho i ka mea nana e kokua. Triboniat kono e komo i loko o ke Komisina o koʻikoʻi jurists o ka manawa, i waena o i he eha Kumu o Constantinople Academy, a he umikumamakahi loio. I poe he codification o Justinian, hiki e hookolokoloiaʻi e au, ma na hana i mua o ka Komisina.

• Ohi, a nānā i ka hana a pau i loaʻa i ka manawa o ke alakai poe kakaolelo.
• A pau i kēia mau hana a pau e lakou e koiia mai e hōʻike manaʻo, a, e hana no ia e wehe.
• Wehe i OOAOAaXUEIE paha AEeOEXAaI i ka manawa na rula a me na hooponopono ana.
• Noonoo oko ao a me ka Logicalʻokoʻa.
• Systematize maloo koena , a e haawi aku ai ia ia ma ka ike a me ka concise kela ano keia ano.

Ke ano o keia hapa o ka codification o Justinian ua, e hana i kekahi kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana a pau o ka helu nui o na palapala i hoʻouna 'ia. A me keia colossal hana i ua hana no ka wale nō ekolu makahiki. Ua i loko o ka noho alii ana 533 makahiki o Justinian hoopuka ia ke kauoha aku e hoike ana i ka hou lākou o nā kānāwai, i kapaia o Digesta, a ma December 30, oia hoomaka mua i ka hana i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa palena o ka hikina mai Roma aupuni a pau.

Ka loko maʻiʻo o ka hōʻuluʻulu

Digesty manao no nā loea a me nā mea he compilation o na kūmau a me nā loina o ka jurisprudence. Lākou nā inoa - hōʻuluʻulu. I ka manawa e hele mai, mai ka Helene hua'ōlelo pandektes, i ke ano o ia ka hulina, paʻa - like i ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia e ke ao rula o ka palapala noi o keia kino o ke kānāwai. Ke codification o Justinian hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo nana aku la au e like me ka hoiliili ana i na kanawai, a me ka puke ma luna o ka palapala noi o ke kānāwai. Just hōʻuluʻulu kākau i nā 39 hoʻokamakama jurists o ka manawa, a, e like me koho o ka Auguseto ia ia iho, a nānā aku i na hana e elua tausani hou aku. Pandects o ka huina o ka a pau o ka panina loio i moʻokalaleo a me ka mea he kikowaena hapa o ka pau 'ia paha o nā kānāwai e ka poe i aponoia Justinian I. i puunaueia ma kā lākou mau semantic maʻiʻo a pau nā kaha puana'ī ma ka kanalima mau buke, he kanaha-ʻehiku o ia i kona kūlana me kā lākou mau inoa me ka inoa i hoike kekahiʻaoʻao a me kekahi loio i pilikia. Wale ekolu puke i ole pôhili. Ma ka mea kēia Mea Maluna, ka mea, he 30, 31 a me 32 wahi. kaʻana like a pau o ia i kekahi mau pilikia, a me nā mea laʻa a pau a hiki i ka ia legacies.

I loko o kēlā me kēia inoa malama i ka papa inoa o nā quotations laa pu kekahiʻaoʻao a me kekahi loio i pukana. Mau kaha puana'ī no hoi i kā lākou mau 'ole. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, o ka lalani mua o nā puana'ī mai loio i ka ai, commenting ma ka kūmau o kanawai kānāwai, a laila - he extract mai o ka palapala o ka a edictum, hoolaa i kaʻaoʻao pono o ka hilo, a me ka manao me ka vydezhki o ka pepa (essay) ahuwale examples o ka palapala noi o ka loio i kūmau ma ka loio i hana. Ma ke poo o ke kolu o ka pae ana o māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana he responsa Papiniani, no laila, i kapaʻia kēia mau pauku "nuipa a Papilyana". I kekahi manawa, kekahi a me kekahi inoa ke hoʻokō 'ia nā māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana - ka mea, i kapaʻia i paiiaʻi.

Kekahi o na olelo a me quotations EIAaAO kūlike loa olelo i kākau i nā mea kākau a me kana mau hana. I a paʻi o kēia jurisprudence i heluʻia nā kuhikuhina, o ka loihi o ia i kekahi mahele i loko o a liilii - paukū. Nolaila, i ka wa e haawi ia ana i ka hōʻuluʻulu e ole ka hōʻike 'ana i kekahi puke, i ua ia mai ka hopuna'ōlelo like me ka inoa, kuhikuhina, a me ka helu o kona paukū.

interpolation

E pili ana i kekahi kikowaena hapa o na codifications, na jurists he ole wale e ohi i ka olelo a kahiko loio, akā, i hōʻike hoʻi iā lāua i loko o hoopuni hoomaopopo ano. Ma na palapala kahiko, ua nui na wahi i ka noho alii ana o Justinian obsolete. Akā, ka mea i ole, e loli ai i ka pono a me ka mōakaaka o ke kikokikona. E hooponopono ia wā, compilers pinepine io i ka loli liʻiliʻi ma ke kākau i nā nā pōʻalo. Mau hoʻololi i hope kapa interpolation. No mawaho hoailona o ka interpolation ua i kulana kupono, e pau no ia e like maʻamau loulou o ka Roma iniiaiie kumu. Akā, me ka hulina study o ka hōʻuluʻulu ka hoʻohana'ōlelo ano ke huai ae i ka interpolation i ka nui mea. Compilers skillfully hele a puni ka loio i'āina hoʻoili, a lawe mai ia i loko o ka oluolu-i-maopopo nānaina. I kekahi manawa, i kēia mau inconsistencies i hoopuni ia akulla 'ma ke kapakai a me nā kaha puana'ī ia, mai ka ia hana o Roman loio, akā, i loko o ke ano o kona waiho i loko o nā puke Prediktov. I ikeia na hihia o ka hoʻohālikelikeʻia nā kaha puana'ī, mai ka codification o Justinian me ke koena mua kumu. Akā, eiiieaena mōʻaukala a me ka'ōlelo hoʻokolokolo 'ana i wale ma hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ka hihia, a me ka lapaau ei o compilers.

kulanui

Ka poʻe me ka titanic ho'āʻo pono o ka haku hōʻuluʻulu hana, e hana i kekahi manawa pōkole alakai no opiopio loio. I unuhi aku la ia i ka mea hou alakaʻi 'ana komo Kumu Teopilo, a Dorothy. A e manual ua, ua houluuluia ma ka palapala o ka papa o kivila kānāwai. E hoʻokohu 'ia ka mea, i kona kulana maoli no ia mau inoa manawa. Ma November 533, Emperor Justinian puka i kauoha aku cupidae legum Juventati, manao no ka haumana haumāna a me ka. Ua Ua kauoha aku sanctioned e ka loio i ho'ākāka 'i mai i loko o nā kulanui, a me ka pōmaikaʻi iho ua equalized me nā codifications o Justinian.

Na na 'ole o ke kula

Ka loa kahiko kulanui he manuals i kākauʻia e ka Roma loio Gaio, nana i alakai i ko lakou loio i hana i loko o ka 2nd kenekulia BC. e ka. Kēia alakaʻi ua manao ia no ka opiopio loio, a ua hoʻohana i ka puke no nā kula haʻahaʻaa jurisprudence. Institutes o Justinian i kēia wahi structuring rula. E like me Gaia, me ka a pau hōʻike aʻo i ua maheleia i eha nui na hapa. He nui na Mokuna i 'ana mānewanewa mai Gaya pono pū nō ia a hiki i ka nui rula o ka māheleʻana i loko o paukū ia mai keia kakaolelo kahiko. Kēlā me kēia o nā puke eha i kona mau inoa, kēlā me kēia inoa ua maheleia i paukū. Ma hope o inoa, a ma mua o ka paukū mua ua koi 'ia e haawi aku ai ia i ka manawa pōkole' atikala i kapa principium. Paha i makemake ole Justinian ke aeia na hoa e reinvent i ka huila, a pani akula i ka mana i ua loa pono no i ka mahele.

loli pono

Like loa me ka hana ana o ke kaha kiʻiʻana hou loio i rula a me ka manaÿo, Byzantine kanawai kuu kekahi ou wahi lihi iki o ka hou rula a me ke ano, a i pono ia e nānā '. Kekahi o kēia mau mea hoopaapaa i kakauinoaia pololei e Justinian, a hai mai la ia ma ke kauoha - helu o controversial mau kauoha i kanalima apana. He nui ka holomua pāʻoihana koi i ka hou loiloi a me ka loiloi 'ia, a ma hope o ke kala hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu, a hui kekahi kūmau na i loko o ia ua ano koi hou. Code, paʻiʻia i loko o 529 makahiki, pihaʻi me 'ino ai' ole obsolete ai, a no ia mea, i ole i kō nā koi i mua. Ke Komisina i koiia e ninaninau hou i ka controversial ai Hooponopono Hou ia, a hui me ka mua i hoopuka rula a me na hooponopono ana. Kēia hana i lawe mai, a ma ka 534, ua paʻi i ka lua o ka paiia o ka Code, i lilo aku ia me ka Codex repetitae praelectionis.

Novels

Ma keia kivila o na Kanawai o ka hikina mai Roman aupuni a pau, ka mea i pau. Ua Ua a laila hoopukaia mau kauoha,? Ee a na na rula e pili ana i ka nui o ke noi ana o ke kānāwai i loko o nä hana kilokilo. Ma ka? Ueony loio i kauoha, ka mea i hui ma lalo o ka inoa novella Novellae leges. Kekahi o nā moʻolelo e ole wale hoike e pili ana i ka noi o nei olelo o ke kanawai, aka, i loa palahalaha ka hoohalike ana o kekahi mau mea o ke kānāwai. Emperor Justinian manao e ohi i pōkole moʻolelo, a kala aku hoʻi iā lākou, e like me kekahi poe koa hou i ka na codification. Akā, Eia naʻe, au hiki ole ke hana ia. A hiki i kēia manawa i hiki aku ai kekahi mau ponoi hoiliili ole. A, pono e hana kēlā o kēia mau moʻolelo i ke kumukanawai a me kekahi hapa o codifications.

Ke 'ole a me ka manao o ka pōkole moʻolelo

All novels me ke kumu kanawai, paʻiʻia ma Justinian i loko o kona noho aliʻiʻana. Ka mea, aia no iloko olaila na rula e aʻe i ka mua hookolokolo mai o Auguseto. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka mea i kākau i loko o Helene, koe wale no kela mau aina i loko i ka moku'āina i hoʻohana like me ka Lakina 'ōlelo. Aia He He pōkole moʻolelo paʻiʻia i loko o nā 'ōlelo a ka poʻe.

Kēlā me kēia o nā moʻolelo ua a lilo i ekolu, a helu pū 'ia nā kumu alakai ana i ka puke o ke kumukānāwai hou, hoʻololi i ka oluolu, a me ka mea o lākou e komo i loko o poe ikaika no lakou. Ma ka novels o Justinian mua hapa ua kapaia Proaemium, a ma hope puunaueia i na Mokuna. I ka hope loa ua kapaia Epilogus. Ka papa inoa o nā nīnūnē ua hoala hou i loko o nā novels, ka loa like: ka noi o kivila kānāwai nīnūnē 'ē aʻe me ka hoʻomalu, ecclesiastical paha refereeing. Pakahi aku la ia hana hoihoi 'no ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka puke 127 a me 118, a hai aku i ka pono o ka'āina hoʻoili ma ka hihia o ka intestacy. Ka mea, eia, incidentally, he i ke kumu o ke kanawai o ka Kelemānia aupuni. No hoi o ka hoihoi i ka puke hoolilo i ka ohana a me ka lehulehu kānāwai, a me nā 'ano o ka palapala noi a kekahi loio i ai.

Novels o Justinian i loko o mākou manawa

No ka mea kēia nä känaka 'epekema puke Justinian ola i loko o ka hoiliili ana o kekahi i hoiliili ole o antiquarian booksellers. I kekahi o kēia mau hoiliili i paʻiʻia ma ka makahiki 556, a he 124 pokole moʻolelo, hoonohonoho ma kekahi mea. Ka hiapo moʻolelo nā lā hoʻi i ka makahiki 535, a ma hope o ka anaina kanaka a pili i ka makahiki 555. Ua ohi ua kapaia Juliani epitome Novellarum. Mua ikeia o kekahi ohi i loaʻa ka 134 pōkole moʻolelo, akā, i ka manawa ia mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka palahalaha o? Anoee. Tiberiy11 Auguseto, ka mea i hakahaka Justinian palapala i ka piha ohi o pōkole moʻolelo, ohi ma ka wā o ka 578 582 makahiki. Ua loaʻa 168 pōkole moʻolelo, a me ka ua ikeia novels o Justinian, a me ka oi. Ua halawai mai la i Contemporary noiʻi i loko o ka Venetian i kākau lima ka launa pū, mai ka pau ana mai o ka 12th kenekulia. Part no ka mea, ua hai hou i loko o ka puke o ka Florentine kakaolelo, i rewrote ka puke mau kenekulia hope. Eia hou kekahi, he nui no kaulana novels o Justinian a pilikino halawai hoolilo i Canon kānāwai.

kino e pono ai

A pau o ka hou Kivila o Justinian i kumumanaʻo, e i e integral, akā, i ole invented ka pono ole inoa no ka ia. Nui o ka codification o Justinian i hōʻike wale nō i loko o ka Middle Ages, ka wā o ka hoihoi i loko o Roma loio i'āina hoʻoili i mahuahua. A laila, lilo muli o ke kumuhana no ka wā e hiki mai loio i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o Roma kānāwai, a me i dala ma ka pono inoa no ka holoʻokoʻa' ia paha o Justinian. He la ia mea e like me ke kino Juris Civilis. Ma lalo o kēia inoa Justinian codificationʻikeʻia i loko o kā mākou manawa.