Elbrus - ka mea i oi aku Caucasus mauna

Elbrus - o ka mauna, i mea ma ka mea hiki, e hoolei aku i ka hua'ōlelo, nā climbers imi ana e lanakila i ka kekahi piko, a me ka loa, he pono ole kaʻahele i makahiki hele mai ai i kona wawae, e haha aku i ka mana a me ka ikaika o ka pohaku piko. A me ka papa, i kekahi i hoʻohiki.

He 'atikala e hai ole wale no ana, i ka mea mauna Elbrus, akā, i hoʻolauna iā' heluhelu i kona hiʻona, i ka malu inoa, kaʻao a me kaao.

Pauku 1. General ano o ka Leeuwerikplein mea

Elbrus - o ka mauna, ua pono noʻonoʻo i ke kiekie loa o ka Russian Hui, aia ma ka'ākau hapa o ka mea i oi aku Caucasus mauna huahelu, ma ka mokuna o Karachay-Cherkessia a me Kabardino-Balkaria.

Aie i ka mea i waena o Europa a me Asia i nō i hoʻokumu i ka kiko'ī palena, i kekahi manawa, uphill equate i ka lani kiekie loa Europa mauna luna a me ka mea i waena o ka "Ehiku piko". Ua hiki ke lawe i kekahi manawa a me ka hana kemika, mahope ae o ka hoopaapaa, akā, ka mea, ua ike no kekahi i Elbrus - i ka mauna, a mea he ai-kapaia ancipitate stratovolcano. Konaʻohana-hoʻokino kuahiwi i hana ma ke kumu o ka lua pele kahiko, a me ka mai i ka 'ā ina wahi o ka hoomaopopo, nā kuahiwi, ua pau loa ia kuokoa lua pele, kela mea keia mea o ka i mai he Classic shape a maopopo iho la i hai lua pele.

Elbrus Caucasus mauna ... ... kēia mau wahi e nae kaulana no kona kahiko mōʻaukala. Mau kanaka ike i mau makahiki ua manao like o ka luna o ka a, no ka mea hoike, ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa piko o Rusia i luku ai i ka vertical hewa. Ua Ua hoʻokumu a me ka lā o ka hope pele: ka mea, ua ma kahi o 50 makahiki BC. e ka.

Ka Pauku 2: Ka Nei o ka piko inoa

Nō paha i ka ninau o kahi hoi Mount Elbrus, mai la he wahi manao iki, akā, i ka pane hoi pāpū a me ka awelika ka haumāna, akā, i ka pili ana i ka etymology o ka inoa, ua ikea e mau.

Ma mau, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka vertex loaʻa paha kekahi mau inoa. I huina he mea oi ma mua o ke kakini.

I kēia lā Ua paʻakikī e hooholo i hiki mua inoa, a me kekahi hope. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka mauna, e like me ia i kekahi mana, ke hele mai, mai ka'Ilana "Aytibares", i unuhi 'ia i loko o Russianʻano "kiʻekiʻe mauna" a me ka "maikaʻi loa" (hoʻokolohua o ka Zend' ōlelo). Karachai-Balkarian piko i kapaia o "Ming-Tau," i translates i Russian me "he mauna o ka tausani." Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō Balkars, ka poe i kapa ia he wahi okoa - "Ming-Tau", a 'o ia hoʻi "mauna noho lio." Hoikehonua, 'elele o keia lahui nō olelo "Elbrus-Tau" - "mauna a puni i ka makani ka'ōniuʻana".

Mawaena o ka nui stratovolcano inoa i hoomaopopo i ka inoa "Dzhinpadishah", i unuhi mai Turkic kani e like "ka Haku o ka Uhane", "Orfi-Tube" (Abkhaz) - "Mountain hoomaikai" a "Yal-Booze" (Keokia) - "hau Mane ".

Ka Pauku 3: He aha ka ke kiekie o ka mauna Elbrus?

Paha keia ninau ma ka liʻiliʻi koke i loko o kou ola hoihoi i loko o ka nui 'ike. Akā, me ka pane mea,ʻaʻole i like ka oluolu ma luna ona, e like me ka mea i ikea ma mua kilohi. No ke aha? A pau i ka mea i loko o ke 'o kona' ole.

E like me aʻu i kaulana ma luna, Elbrus - ka mauna, iloko olaila o nāʻohana-hoʻokino kuahiwi. Ke kiekie komohana - 5642 mika, a me ka hikina - 5621 m. Mahele ana ia ma luna o ka ili o ka lio e pii ai a hiki i 5300 mika a me ka mamao mai kekahi i kekahi mea e pili ana i 3000 mau mika.

No ka mea manawa mua hoʻoholo i ka nui o Elbrus Russian Academician K. Wisniewski i ka 1813.

Keia iloko o ia i ka lā, ka mea kiekie loa piko o ke ao nei, ua noʻonoʻo Mount Everest (Qomolangma),ʻo kona kiʻekiʻe hoʻokahi - 8848 mika, ma e like me a ko kakou kuahiwi piko oi ana moku.

Pauku 4. Na ka oolea o ka kūloko aniau

Mount Elbrus ... pii i ka luna o kona mau pinepine moe no nā inā pilikia ka haumāna climbers a me beginners. Naʻe, ka mea hiki ke hana hana ole, i kekahi manawa. Ka loa maikaʻi o ke kau, Iulai a me Augate.

I keia manawa i ka malie mea oi i ka pilina paʻa, a i pakele, e kipa i na wahi kiekie. kauwela mahana ponoʻole, e hina ia haʻahaʻa ma mua o -9 ° C, eia nae ke ala a me ka haule hiki e mai no -30 ° C.

Mai Okatoba a hiki i April, i loko o kēia mau wahi kumukuai o kaʻoʻoleʻa, a anu hooilo. Ma anu ino, he makaikai a hiki i ka piko mea kokoke hiki ole, a me ka piʻiʻana aʻe i ia mea tantamount ia he pepehi anaʻia iā iho.

Pauku 5. Na lua hana

Elbrus mea kupaianaha a me ka hanana. Description Mountain lawe nui loa manawa, no ka mea, kēlā manawa loaʻa nui a me ka oi hana hoihoi hiʻona.

Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e hoʻoponopono' wale i ka loa e hoʻohoka. 'Ā ina haʻawina o ka mea ole lua pele hōʻike i ke alo o ka papa i loaʻa ka lehu, a i hana ma na pele kahiko. Ma ke ahu iho la mua, ua hoao aku au iaʻepekema i ka loa mua Elbrus pele ana ma kahi o 45.000 makahiki aku nei. Ka lua o ka papa i hana ma hope o ka pele Kazbek. Ua hanaʻia ma kahi o 40 tausani makahiki aku nei.

Ano ka mea, uaʻikeʻia ia mea, ua ma hope o kēia lua o ka, nui ikaika, a hiki ma ke kālā no hae, ka pele o ka Neanderthals, ka mea i noho ma ka kūloko ana, haalele i ka aina, a hele aku la ma ka huli ana o ka oi 'ano kūpono no ke ola.

Ka loa nā pele o Elbrus lua pele ana ma kahi o 2000 makahiki aku nei (50 makahiki BC. E.).

Pauku 6. Legends o ka mauna Elbrus

I mau, ka Caucasus Mountains, Elbrus i ka nui, e lāʻau malumalu ma ka hailona ana i na kaao loa kupaianaha a me ka pohihihi a me nā kaʻao a.

I kekahi o kēia mau moʻolelo, ua hōʻikeʻo ia i loko o ka wa kahiko i noho ai ka makua kāne a me ke keiki - Kazbek a me Elbrus. haule iho la laua a elua i loko o ke aloha a me ka nani kaikamahine i kapaia o Mashuk. Wale anal kona hiki ole e i waeʻia ma waena o ka nani meʻe elua. No ka lōʻihi manawa, ka makua a me ke keiki paʻi,ʻaʻole makemake i ka haawi ana i kekahi i kekahi, a pepehi i waena o ia make kaua. Ka mea, kaua a a Elbrus i pepehi hou i kona makua kāne. Akā, hoʻomaopopo i kona hana weliweli, huli oho me ke kaumaha ke keiki. He makemake hou e aloha, hua mai la i ke kumu kūʻai o ke aloha kekahi ola kekahi, a huli, mai Elbrus nani Mashuk, hope hou ae la oia ia ia iho i ka mea hookahi pahi e pepehi i kona makua kāne.

Beautiful Mashuk uwe loa, a nui ma luna o ka naita, a'ī akula ia ma nā mea a pau o ka aina a he mau ole i na koa, a me ka mea ia mea paakiki i ka noho ana ma keia ao me ka ike ana ia lakou.

Ke Akua i lohe i kona kaniuhu ana, a ua huli Kazbek a me Elbrus i loko o nā kuahiwi kiʻekiʻe, nani, a ma luna a me ka Caucasus mea ole hou. Beauty Mashukʻo ia i huli aʻe i ka puʻu mea emi. Ano, mai kenekulia i ka kenekulia, mai ka lā i ka lā, aia no he pōhaku kaikamahine, a nānā mai o ka poʻe ikaika piko mai, a i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i waena o nā koaʻelua kokoke a dearer i kona naʻau o ka pōhaku ...

Pauku 7. Ka moolelo o ka naʻi aupuni a nui

I ka 1829, i alakaʻi ma ke poo o ka 'epekema huakaʻi Georgiem Emmanuelem i i ka piʻiʻana mua o ka mauna Elbrus. Nā lālā o ka huakaʻi lilo ka hapanui kula physicists, botanists, zoologists, kanaka hulihonua, etc. D. lakou i naʻi i ka hikina hapa o ka Elbrus, a i mōʻaukala me ka discoverer o kekahi o ka mea nui loa kuahiwi o ko mākou Honua Honua.

First pii Elbrus Kilar Khachirov - alakaʻi mele. A mau makahiki ma hope ka mea, ua pio ko, a he kiekie loa piko o keia mauna - Western. Ka huakaʻi, hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma nā climbers Pelekāne alai ae e Florence ua Grove, i ka hele ana a hiki i ke komohana hapa o ka mauna o Elbrus i ka 1874. Ke kanaka mua, e piʻi ma luna o ka mea, hoi, ua he alakaʻi mele, ia Balkar,ʻoʻAhiia Sottayev - hoa o ka huakaʻi mua.

Ma hope, ua he kanaka nana e hoʻokele i ka loaa o ka luna o Elbrus. Ka mea, ua ka Lūkini topographer A. V. Pastuhov. He i ka 1890 hiki ku ma ke komohana piko, a ma ka 1896 - i ka hikina. Ka ua ke kanaka i i piha palapala o ka mauna Elbrus.

It E ke kaulana i loaʻa mea no ke stratovolcano o ka loa hanohano kuahiwi climbers mai a puni ka honua. E piʻi ma luna o kona mau luna, climbers pana aku au i ka awelika o ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule.

Akā, i kēia manawa, iā 'oe ke lawe i ka uwea kaʻa, a me ke kahaha nui kōkua ai i nā ke alanui a me Mālama i nā mea manawa.

Ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 3750 m + he mea he malumalu "barela", kahi e IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hoʻomaka e piʻi Elbrus. Kēia malumalu i He eono-insulated barela kaa, a pela e iai? Oaiaaiiua lumi kuke. Ma ka nui o ka 4100 mika o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ke ao nei hokele - "Shelter, he umikumamakahi".

Pauku 8. Stone Fish ma Elbrus

Elbrus - o ka mauna, i mea hiki ke hoopio huakaʻi no kona maoli hiʻona, no kekahi laʻana, kū hoʻokahi pohaku me ka ho okumu, kapa pohaku Fish.

Hiki i keia manawa,ʻaʻohe i kekahi i kekahi i ike i ke kumu kēia mau pōhaku popularly kapa Fish, a me ka wahi i loko o ka Caucasus mau kiʻi i hou i ka malamaia. Ma ka liʻiliʻi i lalo wahi (250 m 100 m) puehu wale aku no pictorial hui kakini me neia "fungi". Ma na mea he nui no ia oe ke ike i ka Groove.

Paha ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia e ko kākou poʻe kūpuna i loko o kekahi mauʻano o ka haipule mea. No kilakila nō i nā pōhaku e hoohalike ai i ka maka e nana mai. He nui nā manaʻo i kēia mea he wahi me ka loa ikaika maikaʻi ikehu, a me ka loa anomalous i ka nana 'aneʻi.

Pauku 9. Elbrus Pale Kaua Museum

Ke pale Museum - ka mea kiekie loa Hale i loko o ke ao nei. Ua Ua Aia ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 3500 mika luna o kaʻilikai.

Waiū kū hoʻokahi waiho i loko o ka mea i ka mea, ua i hoopaaia i ka hale, a me ka hoomau i ka puni.

Keia kula i ke hoʻohana mai 1 January 1972. Kona ulu ana a me ka malama ana o ka hoiliili i mau, ua kiai no ia nä känaka 'epekema a me nā limahana.

Ke ohi nā oi ma mua o 270 'ikamu. It E e kaulana ia iloko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua ma Elbrus i aia ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa alo. Ma kēia wahi, ua ikaika kaua ma luna o ka mauna ala, a me ka Nazis ho'āʻo e lawe, e kiʻi i ka Caucasus.

Photodocumentary nā kēia mau hanana no na makahiki i loko o kēia iau. Prielbrusye Pale Kaua Museum - o ka hui ana o nā 'āina' subordination, a ua lawe mai moʻomeheu hana.

Pauku 10. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka mauna

• I ka makahiki 1956, i loko o ka mahaloia o ka 400th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka Kabardino-Balkaria, Elbrus Mountain i ka Ia manawa aʻu i hiki i ka pii ana o ka pūʻulu o 400 climbers.
• I ka 1998, he ahi puhi i ka hale o ka hotele "Shelter, he umikumamakahi". I ka lā, i ke kahua o ka mea kahiko laau hale, i nā Aupuni kukulu hou.
• I ka makahiki 1991, i ka Magazine waho Magazine 'Ia "Shelter poe he umikumamakahi ua" Ua kapaia ka inoa o ka poʻe hewa nui' Ia i loko o ke ao nei. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau, i haawiia i ka mea i na tausani o ka mauna iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me climbers mai nā mea a pau ma ke ao nei no ka makahiki ua hoʻohana i kēia wahi no kekahi mau mea.
• Elbrus ua manaoia kekahi o ka noho pilikia loa kuahiwi i loko o ke ao nei. I ka pii ana i ka mauna loa pinepine ulia hiki mai ana. I ka 2004 wale, pepehi 48 skiers, adventurers a me climbers.
• I ka 1997, no ka manawa mua i ka luna o Elbrus au ua hiki ke hele mai pela e iai? Oaiaaiiua a Hoʻololi 'kaʻa Land koa. Ke kanaka ka poe i hoopuehu i kēia kaʻa - Russian hele Abramov.
• Mount Elbrus e pili ana i ka "ʻehiku piko", ma ka hou iā ia i loko o ka papa i: Aconcagua ma South America, Mount Everest ma Asia, Mount McKinley ma North America, Vinson Massif ma Antarctica, Kilimanjaro ma Africa, Puncak Jaya, a ma Oceania a me Australia.
• More ma Elbrus i 22 hauneneʻe, a originate ekolu muliwai Kuban a me Baksan a me Malka.
• I kekahi manawa, mai ka piko o ka mauna Elbrus climbers ke ike koke ia kaʻEleʻele a me Caspian Sea. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka puʻuwai a me ka wela, e kōkua nunui ulu nāʻana kahahńnai.
• I ka 2008, Mount Elbrus i ua 'ike e like me kekahi o ka ehiku kupanaha o Rusia.