Expressionism i loko o ke mele - ia ... Expressionism i ka mele o ka 20th kenekulia

Ma ka hapa mua o ka iwakalua kenekulia ma ka moʻokalaleo, pilikia makapō kilokilo, ho film a me ke mele, me ka hou, e ku pono ana i ka panina manao ma makakū kuhikuhi, hai mai i ke kumu manao o no olelo o ka pilikino pā honua o ka ke kanaka. Expressionism i loko o ke mele - keia mea kekahi o ka loa controversial a me ka luna 'a pele.

Pehea la expressionism

Expressionism i waho, a ua loa maopopo hoike ia ia iho i loko o ka moʻomeheu o Austria, a Germany. I ka 1905 ma Dresden ma ka'āuna kumu o E noa ka Higher School kaiapili i hana ia e na haumana, i kapaia o "Ka Bridge". Kona komo o E. Nolde, Klee, P., M. Pihshteyn E. Kirchner. Soon ka mea, i hui e Kelemānia Artists a me ka malihini, e like me nā meaʻeʻe moku mai Rusia. Hope, i ka 1911, ma Munich i koe kekahi hui - ka "Blue mea nāna e holo", e a Kandinsky, P. Klee, Mark F., L. Feininger.

He mau E kahalina i lilo i ka hiki ana o ka noʻeau kuhikuhi, ma hope a hoomaka ae la e ikeia ka palapala, ai ahahui, Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke paʻiʻia ma Pelelina ( "The ino", "ino", "hana"), ua he au i ka moʻokalaleo a me ka mele.

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka manawa "Expressionism" Ua dala i ka 1910 ma ke kākau moʻolelo o ka Czech Repubalika A. Mateychekom. Akā, lōʻihi ma mua ia, ma ka hopena o 15th - i kakahiaka nui 16th kenekulia, ka Sepania artist El Greco, a me Matia hoi Grünewald mai Germany i hoʻohana mua i keʻano hana o ka palena mamao maliuia'ku a me ka loka i loko o kāna hana. A Expressionists o ka iwakālua kenekulia hoomaka ae la e noonoo ia lakou iho i ko lakou mau ukali, a, ma muli o ka hana Fridriha Nitsshe (hoonoho "Ka Birth o ka pōʻino") o ka irrational ( "Dionysian") i ka hoʻomaka o ke akamai, hoomaka ae la e möhala i ka olelo o ka chaos o ko a me ka aoao o ka olelo i loko o ke akamai.

He aha ka expressionism

Ua Ua manaoio ala ae la ua Expressionism, mai ka eha a me ka luna 'reactions o ka psyche o kanaka a hiki i ka weliweli o ke kālā no noho maikai ana, e like me ka kaua (First World), i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. Makaʻu, hāʻule pohō wale, uunu nui, eha, mutilated psyche - i keia, aole ia e haawi i ka Artists ike i ke ao nei objectively. A laila ka mea, hua mai la i ka hou rula, a loa i haalele ai i ka naturalism a me aesthetics hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o mua hanauna o kanaka haku.

Aesthetics o Expressionism ma ka moʻokalaleo, pena a me ka mele ma muli o ka hōʻike o pilikino manaʻo, hōʻike ke kanaka i ka lilo o ka honua. Ua lilo oi nui ma mua o ke kiʻi, a me ka hōʻike o nā Emotions (eha, screaming, ke haiia'ku). Ma ka hana o ka hana, ua i Kīwala'ō ma nā'ōlelo o ka ike maopopo, a me ka hoolilo ana o ka hoao ana i pili me ia. 'Imi hana i kekahiʻano o nā mea o ka' aoʻao o - he exaggeration, ka manaʻo pohihihi paha simplification, offset.

Expressionism i loko o ke mele - He aha kēia?

I ka haku mele i mau piʻi wale i ka mea hou, a IKE OLE IA. Ma kekahi o na o ka'āina, he mau mele a pau "mai i ka lā", a ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mea kū i hou o ke akamai weheia, a ua noʻonoʻo ko lākouʻaoʻao ma bilaʻano o ka hōʻike.

Expressionism i loko o ke mele - he "psychogram ke kanaka uhane." Pela mai nei ka German poe akeakamai Theodor Adorno. Kekahi moolelo, ka Classic ano o ka wahine haku mele 'ana, tonality a me nā kūlana kapu styles (Classicism, Romanticism, Rococo) Expressionism i loko o ke mele e hoowahawaha ia, a o kona papa hiʻona.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka 'aoʻao o

• Ka lōʻihi loa o ke dissonance ma ka lokahi.
• Ka nele o ka naauao o ka mea nui, a me ka Classic pāpana o ke mele.
• Intermittence, oi, pepe melodic laina.
• I mau pahi oi, a nonstandardʻanuʻu a me chords.
• Fickle mele Tempo ia a me ka palaka.
• Ka nele i ka hae mele-Nā hana pololei o - atonality.
• Waiho hou i ka vocal vocal a me ka Hope versa.
• Waiho hou e mele ana, ka olelo, hawanawana ia, ho'ōho.
• Ole a me ka hana makau kuhohonu ana i loko o ka pāpana.

Expressionism i mele o ka 20th kenekulia

Ka muli o ka hou hema ma ka mele ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia i alakai ai i ka loli ikaika i loko o ka manaʻo o ka mea. Expressionism i loko o ke mele - keia mea he holo, mai ka panina ano o ka huina hoonui, nui, tonalities a me harmonies. Kēia mau mea hou o ka olelo, e like me atonality (hookuuia o ka kūpili ka panina nui-Nā hana pololei o), dodecaphony (he huihui 'ana o ka nanahe umikumamalua), ka mea hou, e hoolea ana i kūpono ma vocal hana (ka olelo, e mele ana, hamumumu, kahea ana), ua alakai aku ai i ka manawa kūpono o ka oi kauoha "i kona' aoʻao o ka uhane "(Adorno).

I ka manaʻo o ka wahine expressionism i loko o ka iwakālua kenekulia aie i ka Mahele Viennese School (Viennese) a me ka inoa o ka'Aukekulia haku mele Arnold Schoenberg. Ma ka mea mua a me ka lua o ka makahiki o ka iwakalua kenekulia, Schoenberg a me kana mau haumana Alban Berg a me Anton Webern moe ana i nā kumu no ke kuhikuhi, a kākau i ka helu ana o na hana ma ka hou kaila. No hoi i ka 1910, ua hana i kana mau hana me ka welelau o ia Impressionism ia i ka haku mele:

• Paul Hindemith.
• Igor Stravinsky.
• Bela Bartok.
• Ernst Krenek.

New mele ua kena ae la i kaʻino o nā Emotions a me ka nalu o ka noʻonoʻo loi i waena o ka lehulehu. He nui ka manaʻo expressionist mele i ka haku mele o kona makau i a me ka weliweli, akā nō i loaʻa i loko o laila i kekahi hohonu, pakiko-Ke makemake nei anei a me ka mysticism.

manaʻo

Expressionism i loko o ke mele i ka haku mele i loaʻa i loko o ka olinolino a me ka huʻi pilikino ka hoao ana, ka Emotions o kekahi kanaka. Kumuhana apau loa o ka loneliness, kaumaha, ka hilahila, ka makau, ka eha, ka pilikia, a me ka poho - e ka i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i nā mea hoʻokani pila i makemake i ka hoike i loko o kā lākou mau hana. Voice intonation,ʻaʻohe Melodies, dissonant ala, i mau pahiʻoi, a discordant Lele, hakina pāpana a me ka Tempo, ole makau kuhohonu ana, i ka alternation o ka ikaika a me ka nawaliwali puu, ole-maʻamau 'ana o na mea paahana, (i loko o ka nontraditional? Aaeno? I loko o naʻee Kanakaʻole) - a pau o kēia mau manaʻo i ua hana i ka hoike manaʻo, a 'ana o ka haku mele o ka uhane.

I ka haku mele - Expressionists

Na Lunamakaainana o ka expressionism i mele - nei:

• Arnold Schoenberg (ke mele kalapona "Pierrot Lunaire," monodrama "Look", cantata "A Eʻe- o Warsaw", ke keaka mele "Mose a meʻAʻarona," "Ode i Napoleon").

• Ernst Krenek (keaka mele "Orfeo Euridice" keaka mele "Johnny strumming").

• Bela Bartok ( "Sonata", "First Piano Concerto", "Ekolu Piano Concerto", "Music no ka Oi, Percussion a me Celesta", "ka oihana o ka Lai", "ka mana kupaianaha Mandarin" a me nā hana).

• Paul Hindemith (kekahi-hana keaka mele "pepehi, Hope o Women", Piano Suite "1922").

• Igor Stravinsky ( "Renard", "ka Wedding", "ka Nightingale," "Ka Firebird," "Petrushka" a nui nā hana).

• Gustav Mahler (oi loa aku hoi ka hope hana, "Song o ka Honua" a me ka paʻa hapa umi o ka Symphony).

• Alban Berg ( "Wozzeck" keaka mele).

• Anton Webern (Five Orchestral liilii ia, kui Trio, "hoano loa", kontata "Light maka").

• Richard Strauss (ke keaka mele "Elektra" a me ka "Salome").

Keena mele i loko o ke kaila o ka expressionism

A ka mea, hiki mai i ke kula Schoenberg ua neʻe aku mai ke kahua symphonic pepa, a me ka mea hiki ke wehewehe aku expressionism i loko o ke mele. Images o ke keena hula (no ka mea, he hookahi mea kani, duets, Quartet a quintets a me ka mea uuku Hawaiian Orchestra) i loko o kēia kaila ua ikaika nui ae, he pono ole. Schoenberg manaoio i kana hana mea hou i hana muaʻole - atonality - 'aʻole i pono ka pono me ka hana o ka monumental a me ka Haiwan.

Viennese School - ia mea he ano okoa o ke mele. Chaos, spirituality, he hou ano o ka oiaio o ke ola me ka embellishment a me ka pulakaumaka ua lilo i ke kumu o ka noʻeauʻana. Loa ia'na o melodic hana mea hou i hana muaʻole okoa leo - i ke kipi aku ia i nā hana kuʻuna nānaina o ke akamai - mau ulu nō keʻano ukiuki i waena o kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka hoopaapaa. Naʻe, i kēia i i ole i ka Apana Viennese i ka haku mele, e loaa nā hualoaʻa a i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka nui loa o listeners.