Femtosecond kukuna: hōʻike, ano, noi hiʻona a me nā hōʻike manaʻo

E ka kamailio i keia la e pili ana i mea he femtosecond kukuna. He aha nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE nā loina o kona hana, a pehea e kōkua i ka paʻipaʻi hihio?

Bohr ka kumumanaʻo

I ka wā i loko o ke kakahiaka nui umikumamaiwa kenekulia, 'epekema ua hōʻea i ka pae i ke nana i loko o ka' ole o ka'Ātoma, he hou kuhikuhi - quantum ke kālaikūlohea. Ka hana mua,ʻo ia, e hooholo i ka electrons liilii mai i haule ma ka nucleus kaumaha o ka'Ātoma pehea a me ke kumu. Previous kumumanaʻo o ka nānā 'ana ma luna o Maxwell mau nā helu kaulike, paio aku i kekahi kēia hoʻonaue ukana kī ana i ke kula, nolaila, nalowale momentum. Penei, he huina'ine neʻe i loko o ka Astronomical puni ka nucleus pono noke pāhawewe hou, a ho'ōla hāʻule i loko o ka nucleus. Boron? Aaeaaaaony i ka manaʻo i nā electrons ma ka'Ātoma i ia wale nō ma kekahi mamao mai ka-oaio? A, a me ka hoʻololi mai kekahiʻilikai i kekahi ua pu ma ka ea puka o kekahi a me ka ikehu omo. Kēia kumumanaʻo Ua hope wehewehe i ka hua'ōlelo o quantum ke kālaikūlohea. Ke alo aku o ka wahi huina'ine pae i ke ala a hiki i keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, ke kukuna (he femtosecond komo pū) weheia.

ʻimi naʻauao kumu o ke kukuna

Onceʻepekema ike i ka'Ātoma hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, ka mea makemake e aʻo pehea e kahu ai i ka moku'āina o ka huina'ine. Ma lalo o maʻamau rula, o ka huina'ine, a no kekahi kumu o ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka'Ātoma, makemake e hoʻopiha i ka lalo pae, ina e noa. Ma ka hoʻololi ikehu ua e hawewe i loko o ka palapala o ka photon o ka malamalama, a me photon. Akā, me ka hoʻololi ma waena o kekahi mau pae hana okoa malamalama quanta. Akā, inā e neʻe ka poʻe he nui electrons mai ke kiekie a hiki i ka malalo kiʻekiʻe, ma laila nō e kahe ana o ka ai iiiaanoaa o'ālike photons. Noi o keia pele i ole. No ka laʻana, he femtosecond kukuna cataract e lawe aku oe. Ua loaʻa nā doped yttrium saredio i ka nui o ka ai-i kapaia o ka heluna hahana, ka wā electrons e oi paha e houluulu ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe, a laila, a pau pu e hele i ka lalo. I ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou o ke kukuna penei:

• e hana ana i loli (i ka waiwai i loaʻa i kaʻilikai hulu heluna);
• pumping (ke kumu i "induces" electrons loaa ma ka inverse kiʻekiʻe);
• he resonator i loko o ka palapala o ka elua ia laua aniani keleawe (ka mea, i kia wale ua mau photons i i ua loaʻa i loko o ka e like me mamua, a me nā mea a pau'ē aʻe i hoʻopuehuʻia).

Ke kūpono auaiaea ka lāʻau ikiʻai hiki e ana paha discrete. Femtosecond kukuna, no kekahi laʻana, e pili ana i ka lua o ka type.

Anakahi iki, Nano, femto

ho i nā mea a pau o kēia mau hooluolu mai i kekahi hapa o ka a pau. Milli - mea he thousandth kaʻana like 'ana i kekahi mea, e like me ka mika. Ie millimeter - ia mea 10 ^-3 m. Pākuʻina kau femto 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea kaupaona, a hiki i ka 10 a hiki i ¹⁵ manawa uuku ma mua o kekahi o kekahi i kekahi. Alaila, o ka femtosecond kukuna i ka loa pōkole ka lāʻau ikiʻai. Ma kēlā me kēia lua o ka pono'āpana 10 ¹⁵ lāʻau ikiʻai wale. No ke aha la ia i nā kānaka me uuku cia? Ka nui, e hoike ana i ke kukuna mana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka lōʻihi o nā electrons i loaa ma ka inverse pae. Me ka ana mana hanauna kukuna hiki ole e kiʻekiʻe. Akā, pōkole ma mua o kēlā me kēia pana, ka mea maluna o ka hua. Ua nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana i nui hou, a me ka mea hope loa pahuhopu o ia ka pōkole pāpaʻa mea ole kekahi '. Loaa ana'ōnaehana manao e like me ka ana kukuna. Ma keia hihia, ke coherence o ka auoiaea mea nana i ulana, a me ka mana o nui kiʻekiʻe.

cataract

Cataracts - he clouding o ka maka aniani. A kanaka ka mea e hoʻomōhala ana i ia i ka hewa o ke hoomaopopo, i ole e Ike e no ia: no ka hooulu ana o cataracts ma ke kihi o ka haumāna hihiʻo ua i hihia hoʻi. Akā, inā turbidity ia lŘlŘ ma ka waenakonu o ka maka aniani,ʻaʻoleʻoe e hai i ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka Hawaii ia mea hiki ole. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o keia loli i loko o kona mau maka, eha:

• nā palapala pāhawewe ma kiʻekiʻe nā māhele;
• trauma i ke poo a me ka maka iho;
• mimikō;
• i ka puu o ka stress.

Helu o ke kumu o kekahi - he kumuʻiʻo loaʻa i loko o ka maka aniani o ka maka hoʻomaka e degrade, disintegrate. Kēia kaʻina ua kapa kumuʻiʻo denaturation. Ma ka hihia o ka maka aniani o ka luku mea irreversible. Mua, elemakule me ka keʻokeʻo mau maka, ua loa kalele iho ma luna o ko lakou mau hoahanau, no ka mea, he nae makapo. Ano, eia nae, i ka maʻi hiki ke anaʻia.

Iapaau ana me ka cataractʻoki kino

Mea maʻa mau, ua manaoia lapaau i ke 'ākeʻakeʻa i loko o ke kanaka kino i aʻole i' aʻe kona ano hoopono: he nui kaniai ia me ka huaale a me ka wela kī, ʻoki manamana lima - me ka hinu a me bandages.

Akā, ma keia hihia, he'ano'ē lapaʻau -ʻoki kino. Maʻamau ma keia olelo hoʻohuʻu palapu, sutures, a mea lōʻihi manawa e hoola, i kaʻeha a me ka lilo ana o ka maʻamau Aloha Hawaii. Ma ka hihia o ka cataractʻoki kino pono ole e makau oe, no ka mea, o ka incision mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uuku loa, 2-3 mm o,ʻaʻohe kīʻaha koko ka mea,ʻaʻole iʻokiʻia, ka kūloko anesthesia.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka hana:

1. Ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo Ua anaesthetized me kūikawā kulu.
2. Iris incision (incision i oi aku 3 mm o ka lōʻihi).
3. Ka maka aniani ua hookomoia he kupaianaha hoʻoluku.
4. Ka mea pio i ke kahiko maka aniani ua emulsified.
5. Ke emulsion ua omo ai.
6. Mākou mai i ka houʻimi hoʻopunipuni pahee maka aniani.
7. Ka mea ua loko mai o ka maka.

Ke hana mau ma kahi o 15 minuke, ma hope a ke kanaka e hele aku i ka hale ia ia iho.

He mea ma ke kahua o ka hou 'ana o ka mea kahiko maka aniani ua emulsified hoʻohana' ana i ka femtosecond kukuna. Ophthalmology ike a me kekahi laʻana o ka pono o nā kukuna - ka iaea o myopia a me ka astigmatism. Akā, i kēia mea he loa okoa moʻolelo.

Pono o nā kukuna ma ka iapaau ana o cataracts

Koke i kapa aku ai i kekahi drawback - keia iaoia Ua pipiʻi. Eia naʻe, i loko o nā mea a pau'ē aʻe ka mahalo i ka mea maikaʻi ma mua o ka mua ki ina hana like. E like me ka nāʻana, i ka emi maoli o ka pōʻino lole puni i ka maka aniani, e hele huli ana i loko o ka emulsion, ka mea uuku i ka nui o ka kūpono (particles), ina ia i loko o ka hana femtosecond kukuna. Reviews o keia hana, ua loa maikaʻi nā mai nā mea maʻi, a no na kahuna lapaau.

Mākou i mua i olelo ia i ka hoʻohana 'ana o nā kukuna ua like hou a me ka myopia. Eia naʻe, a nei, kekahi mau lako a pan i hoʻohana 'ia no keia hana, a me ka hana ana o cataracts. Ke hoomanawanui i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea - i ka pono o ka hana, akā, na? Aaieou ia e hoʻolako ia mau lawelawe makemake e pana aku au i ka lako a pan i ka nui o ke kala. Ma keia hihia, no ka hoʻopakeleʻana Victus femtosecond kukuna: ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e kekahi mau ana ekolu. Ma keia hihia, wale pono e hoʻololi i ka palapala koho.