He aha ka ka mau-hapalua crossover

Na kanawai o ka hoʻoilina Mendel no monohybrid kea malamaia ma ka hihia o ka oi luna 'elua-hapalua. Ma keia ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN makua 'ano apau loa oko ma nā hui o contrasting ano.

i ke kumu o Mendel dihybrid kea, a me ka hooiaio kanawai noonoo. I kela kapa mauʻano likeʻole o nā peas: me ka keʻokeʻo pua, a me ka maʻamau Park, a me ka poni a me ka pua elongated Park. All mua-hanauna kanaka ua maʻamau keʻokeʻo pua me ka whisk. Mai keia ke manao nei makou i ka mea keʻokeʻo waihoʻoluʻu (denoted e C) a me ka maʻamau lōʻihi (kākau E) - o ka Hoʻohaku hiʻona i ka poni 'ia nā pōpō (s) a me ka elongate whisk (e) - recessive. A hiki i ka pakiko-pollination o ka hanauna mua o nā mea kanu ua Wāwahi. No ka pono o ka mōakaaka nāna i hana i ka i kela kapa noaia.

First keʻa: P1 m CCEE CCEE

G 2Ss a 2Ee

F1 CCEE

Ka lua o ka penei kekahi (selfing F1 hybrids) P2 m CCEE CCEE. Dihybrid keʻa hele e lilo 16ʻano o zygotes. Kēlā me kēia gamete e komo i kekahi 'elele mai ka'ōewe hui me P-a me E-E hui. A pau keia'ōewe C me ka like pahiki hiki ke hui me ka E 'ole e ka i ka huli, a me ka hiki ke hui pu iho la me ka E' ole E Ka kūpono hapalua CCEE ano me ka like alapine (frequency) o ka gameteʻAno 4: .. ce, GE, ce, ce. Obedin pu, ka mea hana pela meaola: 9 me ka maʻamau keʻokeʻo corolla, a me 3 keʻokeʻo elongate whisk 3 me ka maʻamau Park magenta a me ka magenta 1 me ka elongated Park.

Ma ka lua o ka hanauna ma ka holo hybrids ma ke kaʻawale, nae ko waho like makua ano, e hana kinona me ka hou pu ana o nā huapalapala (combinative ole aaiaoe variability). O kŰia Radio nui i kūlana ma ka evolution o oukou e haawi hou ana o adaptive kāna moʻolelo. Nō hoʻi 'Imi hoʻohana' ia i loko o? Aneii, kahi crossbreeding o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona o ka houʻano likeʻole a me nā breedsʻo ia ka mea hiki ke hoʻolauna hou? Ueo.

Ka helu o nā phenotypes ma F2 mea emi mai ma mua o ka helu ana o genotypes. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana i ka hui ana o kekahi mau gametes ke haawi aku i ka ia morphological ano. No laila, ua loaa i ka splitting o ka phenotype - 9: 3: 3: 1.

Kēia mau-hapalua crossover mea hiki ina ka Hoʻohaku nā'ōewe i ke aupuni 'o nonhomologous chromosomes. Cytological kumu o ia ka hoʻokuʻi pū a me ka hou - meiosis a me ka fertilization. Mendel i kekahi 'i me ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o nā'ōewe kēlā me kēia paʻa o nā kailaʻae ili kū kaʻawale o kekahi i kekahi, o ka' elele i hui ma ka hiki a pau pu ana (kuokoa hooilina).

nā lauana a pau o ka'āina hoʻoili i Mendel kau ai i hookahi, a elua-hapalua penei kekahi, ano o ka oi luna 'ana. No laila, poligibridnoe i kela kapa ia lŘlŘ ka wā i lawe meaola no kēia kūlanaʻekolu a oi contrasting hiʻona. Ma ka naau o keia kuʻi nukeliu o gametes a me ka redistribution o aaiaoe 'ike i nā kānāwai o ka digestion, a kuokoa o ka noho ana.

Mai ka keia, ke manao nei makou i ka mau-hapalua crossover - ua, ma ka mea, elua kū kaʻawale-i hiki ano o kela aoao, kahi e lawe i kekahi koho hōʻailona i loko no (monohybrid). He oiaio no ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona.