He aha ka ke Alpha ka palaho

I kēia lā, e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i ka mea i ka Alpha palaho, a pehea ia hiki ke wehewehe i hua'ōlelo o ka panina, a 'ano like theories. Ke ola ana o ka mea ao mea wale nō e hiki i ke aloha i ka mea i ka 'ole o ka i mea i kekahi waiwai, e komo lawa kumupaʻa. Koa e nakinaki pu na (particles) i loko o nā'ātoma, e ke kumu o ke kaulike i ke ola o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. O kēia Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o'ātoma mea i ae ole wale e formulate i nā kānāwai, akā, no hoi e wehewehe ana i na mea he nui o ka malamaʻike manaʻo o ka microworld. E like me kekahi hapa o ka planetary kükohu o ka piko o kēlā me kēia'Ātoma o ka nucleus, i nā protons a me neutrons ma ka like mahele. Lākiō o protons, neutrons a me electrons poe me 1: 1: 1. Kēia i mua kilohi mea improbable ma ka ike maopopo i kēia pilina mea heʻilihune o nā kānāwai o ke ki i hanaia: uila malama o ka huina'ine Ua like ia -1, ka proton 1 a me neutrons, i ka hui ana o ka oppositely papa uuku eiiiiiaiou elua, i ka pono uila'ākilikai (incidentally , nolaila i ka inoa).

Aie i ka Coulomb kaua o protons i loko o ka nucleus repel kekahi i kekahi, akā, counterbalancing ikaika AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN e hoʻopaʻa nei i na (particles) i kahi hookahi. He aha ka ke Alpha ka palaho? Keʻano papa hana o ka hanana ka loa puni hoʻi: Inā protons ne e mai kekahi i kekahi, me ka ikaika i nui elektroottalkivaniya ikaika AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN e hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka māmā nuclei a me (particles). Ke kumu no ka loiloi mua mamao loa like - ka mea, hiki ia laua mawaho ololi a me nā 'ano o nukelea' ole (entropy ololi).

Ke'opi o ke ao nei

A 1896 ka mea i manaoio aku i nā'ātoma i indivisible, a me ka 'ole o kela a me keia ano o kekahi mau waiwai. Akā, Becquerel (kekahi manawa haawiia Rutherford), ka mea i aʻo uranium paʻakai, 'ike akula i ka kŰia o ka radioactivity ma mua e hoolei aku kanalua ma na mea he nui o na tenets o ka'ātoma pähola' ana o ka manawa. Alpha palaho o ka ea puka o ka ikaika i hoopiiia (particles) - nuclei o helium-4. Ua Uaʻike i kēia kaʻina ua wehewehe aku kuhikuhi no na nuclei o kaumaha hehee wale. Kekahi o nā 'ano o ka Alpha huna o kona mau waʻa maikaʻi kauoha. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana i ka 'ole o ka electrons elua e nalowale. Ka huina kauoha ia keia ua ike ia e mau. Alpha palaho aʻo Rutherford. Ua Ua nānā 'ia e like me ka huna' ole (2 + 2 proton neutron) ka loa i ka pilina paʻa, a, theoretically, loa 'ē nuclei makemake i e uhai i na (particles) a me nuclei o māmā hehee wale. Naʻe, i kēia 'ole e hana. Rutherford? Aaei i kekahi nukelea loli mea hiki wale ina mea komo i loko o ka mea helium nā'ātoma (, alpha (particles)) a kiʻekiʻe-ikehu electrons (Hoʻokolohua (particles)). A laila, ka mea i hoopaaia, akā, ka mea i umi makahiki o ka noiʻi a me ka hoike o ka hou manaÿo i loko o ke kula o ka quantum mechanics - ka tunnel huina.

lanakila o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai

E like me hōʻike luna, i ka pilina paʻa 'ole - Alpha huna. Kauoha aku ia mea, mai 2 a hiki i 10 MeV. I mea e hiki ai ia ke komo iloko o ke kumu o ka'Ātoma, e pono e lanakila na koa o ka uila repulsion (mai protons e noho i loko o ka nucleus, a me ka huna). 'O kēia ka ia ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai ma hope o hooholo ia ana i keia manawa, e hoomaka ana i ka lanakila intranuclear ikaika o ka umekaumaha. i okoa mai ko kakou mau microworld kānāwai, no laila, i loko o kekahi manawa, e hele aku ma o ka pā, ka mea mea i pono, e luku aku ia. Ma ka tunnel huina e lanakila i ka'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Ka uuku o ka likeʻole ma waena o ka ikaika o ka huna, a me ka waiwai e lilo aku o ka hooholo, ka mea kiekie ka pahiki o lanakila ka repulsive. No ka hapanui o nuclei mea ai uuku i ka manawa kūpono o ka tunnel hookui i ka mea hiki ke manaoia hale lio me ka ho okumu. Others, ma lalo o kekahi mau rula, ae i ka anal o ka waho (a ma loko o ka outflow) o Alpha (particles).