He aha ka phosphorus hopeʻia? Phosphorus hopeʻia - hopena. Hana phosphoric hopeʻia

Me ka hooulu ana o ka enehana maunakea, ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka kaua, koi ammunition, hiki ana o ka hana' ili koa o kaʻenemi i loko o ka wahi nui. Mea hō'ā ahi hopeʻia ua ma luna o ka Ewa o ka First World War. Ka mea, ua primitive manaʻo, iloko olaila i ka pahu me ka kerosene a me ka inertial kaula hō'ā, i malama ia e like me ke kumu no ka maʻamau rifle pūpanapana.

Ma na 30s o ka hope kenekulia i hoʻohana no bombing ka ai-kapaia posapahate kala. Hoʻopiha ia hookauwa aku yellow phosphorus i loko o ka palapala o ka granules o ka nui 15-20 mm o. E kahe mai ana he mau mea poepoe ignited ia, akā, kokoke i ka honua e aa (particles) phosphorus propaliv iwi hoʻopuehuʻia ma ka uhi ana i ke ahi, ua nui wahi. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia me he sputtering hana puhi ma luna o ke ahi pellets ma kūikawā poʻina nalu o ka mokulele ma haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻena.

Iloko o ka Apana World War, na kanaka mua i aoia i na mea o ka phosphoric pōkā pahū i loko o ka palapala i loko i ka mea i koe i keia la. Ua ua he ipu piha i kala phosphorus he 100 a hiki i 300 nā huna, he huina ke kaupaonaʻana no i hiki i kekahi ke tona. Oia ordnance i hāʻule, mai ka kiekie o ma kahi o 2 ei a exploded 300 mika mai o ka honua. Kēia manawa ka phosphorus mea hō'ā ahi leho ma ke kumu o na kaua ikaika loa i loko o ke ao nei kūlana 'he paa loa o nā mea a pau ammunition ia no ka bombing.

keʻokeʻo phosphorus

I waena o nā mea a pau i ka combustible pono hoʻohana i ka mea hō'ā ahi ammunition, keʻokeʻo phosphorus i he kupaianaha wahi. O ke kumu ho i kona hanana Nine Inch ka waiwai, kuhikuhi me ka'ā mahana kīnā 800-1000 kekelē Kelekia. Kekahi mea nui ololi i loko o ka hiki ana o keia waiwai ua manaoia e ignite spontaneously ma ka hui 'ana me o oxygen i loko o ka lewa. Ke ahi, keʻokeʻo phosphorus e paka anuanuʻawahia uwahi, a i kumu no na'ā o ka naehana'āpana, a me kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana o ke kino.

A mahele lāʻau o 0.05-0.1 g. Lethal no ke kanaka. A keʻokeʻo phosphorus artificially paha i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o posapahate apatites me ka silica i a me ka Coke, ma ka wela o ka 1600 degere. Mawaho, nana aku la e like me ka nahaehae, hoopuni ino a me ka oki, aʻo ka mea nui loa pono no ka hoopiha ana i kekahi ammunition ia. Aia i hoi hope, ua piha oia me ka plasticized keʻokeʻo phosphorus. Plasticization ua loaʻa ma ka ohui i ka h ÷ pāʻoihana o ke kemikala laholio.

Ano o ka mea hō'ā ahi keʻokeʻo phosphorus munitions

I kēia lā, aia i kekahi mauʻano o nā mea kaua, ā 'inoʻino kekahi i kekahi waiwai a mea keʻokeʻo phosphorus:

• hopeʻia;
• rockets;
• mea kaua leho;
• papa wiliʻai leho;
• lima grenades.

Ka noho pilikia loa nō ka mea mua elua ano o ka ammunition, e like me ka mea, i he nui e pili ana i ke koena o ka lukuʻia.

He aha mea he phosphoric pōkā pahū

Hoikehonua, phosphorus hopeʻia - keia mokulele ammunition, oia hoi o ka hale noho, he wahie filler like keʻokeʻo phosphorus a luna 'nā mea huihuina o kekahi mauʻoihana, a me keʻano papa hana no kona mea hō'ā kaʻa. Ka mea hiki ke maheleia i mau ano e like me ka iaoia actuation: i loko o ka lewa ma hope o ka hopena a me kaʻili kai. First actuated detonator hoi malalo o, ma muli o ka makemake kiʻekiʻena a me airspeed o ka mokulele, i ka hope 'ana explode ma luna o hopena.

Ka hale noho o ka hopeʻia i pinepine i mai ka oka a wahie i kapaia "huina'ine", oia hoi o ka makanekiuma a me ka Aluminum, a ua wela pu me ka hui. Pinepine pākuʻi e phosphorus nā combustibles, e laʻa me napalm a thermite, i kekahi maoli ka'ā mahana o ka läÿau,. Hana phosphoric hopeʻia e like me ka pōkā pahū piha me ka napalm. Mahana o nā waiwai'ā i ka hola'ālike (800-1000 ° C), akā, no ka phosphorus a me ka napalm i loko o ke kālā no ammunition keia uku aku i 2,000 pp ^˚

Na Air Max i kekahi pūʻali koa mea hō'ā ahi huhui waina a lākou hopeʻia, a mea he kūikawā ipu piha i kēia ōlaʻi o liʻiliʻi hopeʻia. Dumped i ka ipu ua hoi malalo o ko ma-luna o ka mālamaʻana'ōnaehana a me ka hōʻike, i ma ka kekahi kiʻekiʻe, e leie aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE munitions pua i ka pale kaua hou kaʻoi loa. I mea e maopopo mea i phosphoric pōkā pahū ma ka hana, e pono e ike i ka pilikia posed ma kona hoohuoi ana aʻe.

kumumea ka hoohuoi ana

I ka hoʻohana 'ana i keʻokeʻo phosphorus like me ka flammable waiwai no ka hopeʻia loaa kumumea kekahi mauʻino wale i:

• ikaika lapalapa ahi, mai'ā o ka läÿau, ma ke ana wela i ka 2000 C ^˚ ma o na la'ā, weliweli ino a me ka ola i ka make;
• niho kinoea, cramps a kuni noho haumāna kahi airway;
• oxygen ma puhi i loko o ka palena o ke noi, e alakai i ka suffocation;
• manaʻoʻike nń, kena ae la ia e ka pahiolo.

Phosphoric uuku pōkā pahū exploded ma ka pololei kiʻekiʻe, hahau ka wahi o 100-200ʻahā like mika, uhi nā mea a pau a puni ke ahi. Noho ma luna o ka kanaka kino, (particles) o ka slag, a kuni phosphorus au mika a me carbonize i ka ke aloha'aʻaʻa. Hiki hoʻopio aku, ka paleʻana komo o ka oxygen.

i Special phosphorus hopeʻia e hoʻohana i komo i kaʻenemi, i loko o ka malumalu. Preheated i 1500-2000 ^˚ C, e puhi i ka wahie hui hiki hoi ke kapa kila, a hiki pōhaku puna palaoa, a me ka noonoo ana ma na ana wela koke kuni oxygen ma loko o ka lewa, i ka manawa o ola, hūnāʻia i loko o ka hale ilalo, i ka dugout a 'ē aʻe e malumalu ai, kokoke ole.

Ka mea, ua ma strangulation makeʻana o nā haneri o civilians o Wiekanama kanaka i kekahi o na bombings o ka US Air Max. Kēia poʻe i lukuʻia i loko o ka mālama '-eli iho dugouts,ʻaʻole me he ahuoi e pili ana i nā mea o ka phosphoric pōkā pahū.

I ka hopena o ka pono o ke keʻokeʻo phosphorus munitions

Iloko o ka'ā napalm a me phosphorus, kuu nuipa o kaʻawahia i loko o Nine Inch o ka lewa, a me dioxins - he ikaika niho waiwai ai ikaika carcinogenic a me ka mutagenic. Ka US Air Max i ka Vietnam kai eʻe 'Imi hoʻohana napalm a me ka phosphorus hopeʻia. 'Ole o ka'ā huahana o kēia mau' ona ma luna o ke kanaka kino hiki ke malama i keia manawa. In? Eou i ua malalo iho o ua mea bombardment, a me loa abnormalities and mutations i keia keiki i hanau ai.

Ke pāpā o hopeʻia posapahate

White phosphorus munitions mea i kauoha aku e pili pū ana i nā mea o ka nuipa a ka make, akā, i ko lākou hoʻohana ua kaupalena ma ka Hola Pūnaewele o ka un Convention. Keia palapala regulates lākou hoʻohana no ka oihana koa hana, a ua papa i ka hoʻohana no ka ho'āhewa wale i maluhia mea. E like me ka Hola Pūnaewele, e pāpā phosphorus hopeʻia no ka hoʻohana i nń wahi pa a me kā lākou nā wahi, a ina he mau koa iauaeoia.

Ikeia kūʻiʻo o keʻokeʻo phosphorus munitions i loko o mākou manawa

Iloko o ka hana o Cambodia i loko o ka 1980s o ka hope ke kenekulia, ka Wiekanama koa hoʻohana mokulele unguided rockets, hoopiiia me keʻokeʻo phosphorus, no ka luku ana o "Khmer Rouge". Kū'ē phosphorous leho i hoʻohana 'ia e Pelekāne manao lawelawe i ka 2003 kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Basra ma Iraq.

A makahiki ma hope, ma Iraq, o ka US Army ano e pili i ke kaua no ka Fallujah phosphorus hopeʻia. Photos 'ole o ka bombing e ike i ka pauku. I ka 2006 a me 2009, i kaʻIseraʻela poʻe kaua hoʻohana keʻokeʻo phosphorus munitions i ka Mahele Lebanona Kaua, a me ka Gaza ka wehe i hana "E hookuke mai hookuu hoi ia".

Pehea e hoʻopale ai i ka waiū a hiki i ka umu ahi e phosphorus

I mea e pono hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho mai na kumumeaʻino wale i o phosphorus ammunition, ia mea pono e maopopo hoakaka i ke 'ano o ka hoʻohana' ana i ke kaua. Ma ka hihia o ka hoʻohana phosphorous hopeʻia, mokulele, pu ma ka lele iho la i ka lapalapa ahi a me ka manoanoa keʻokeʻo uahi paha e aa ana ma hope o ka Naita me ia wahi, koke haʻalele i ka hoʻohuli ai i nā 'āpana, neʻe maila i loko o ka olelo o ka nevetrenuyu.

E like me ka imi hoʻohana makahiki maikaʻi me ka ikaika overlapping a me ka hoʻoikaika hoʻokomo ea. Inā ua ioauoa hiki ole ke loaʻa, hana hale ahu, me nä 'auwaha, lua, kaa, a uhi ia iho me improvised mea, i hiki ke hana i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a lāʻau Panel, papa, halelewa, etc., e hali ana i ka manaʻo ia, e hoʻolako ka mea wale nō pōkole-makahiki ka hoomalu ana.

No ka naehana hoomalu mea pono e hoʻohana Kānana ea paha, respirators a pahee loleʻona nō i loko o ka pāʻoihana o ke (baking soda). Ma hope o hui 'ana me ka ahi ukuhiia i loko o foxmike ke kapa a me ka ili pono e kinai loa i ka lapalapa, e uhi ana i ka eha paena'aʻaʻa, ka paleʻana i ke komo ana o ka oxygen. I ole hihia hiki puʻe wale mai ia ma ka anaanai i ka lapalapa hiki pela e mahuahua mai ka'ā wahi. 'Aʻole i' ae 'no ka hoopio ai hoi i a me ka noi o ka wai ma ka pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o kaʻawa i ka combustible läÿau. Ua E hoi e kaulana ia zatushennye keʻokeʻo phosphorus (particles) e ignite hou.