Interdisciplinary kamaʻilio Tilly a me nā sciences. Kamaʻilio Tilly me ke kālaikūlohea, kemika, makemakika, kālaimeaola, kālaikaiaola

Aohe mea hookahi ihola ia kaʻawale mai ka 'ē aʻe ike o ka' epekema. A pau o ia i pili loa intertwined i kekahi i kekahi. I ka hana ana i kekahi kumu a kumu - like ka nui me ka hiki, e hōʻike aku i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'launa. Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e noonoo i ka pili o ka hana kemika a me nā sciences.

Interscience kamaʻilio - He aha ka mea?

Interscience (ole intersubject) e pili ana - o ka pilina ma waena o kanaka o Beritania. E like me ka mea, e ia i kumu (kumu) a me nā haumāna i ka hoʻonaʻauao kaʻina. i nā nä kēia mau 'ana ma ka maikaʻi kaʻaluna o ka ike, a me ka poʻea pau e oi efficient hoʻohana' o ia i loko o nä hana kilokilo. No laila, i ke kumu pono e kālele ana hoʻolohe ma kēia pukana ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kekahi' epekema.

'Ike ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao' pili 'o Randy - nui i nā kumumea i loko o ke kūkulu' ana i ka manaʻoi a me ka pono o ka hoʻonaʻauao nenoaiu. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kā lākou mau haumāna kaʻike e leie aku ia ia i kaʻoi naauao o ke kumuhana, a me ka mau hana nui loa ia o ka 'epekema.

Ka 'epekema i Haʻawina ano

System Sciences, ao ke ano maoli, ka loaʻa o ke kālaikūlohea, kālaimeaola, kilohōkū, kālaikaiaola, hana kemika a me ka kemika. Ka mea, i kekahi kapa maoliʻepekema ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana. Paha ka mea nui wahi i waena o lākou a pau i ka ke kālaikūlohea (ma ka mea, i ka manawa o ia hoʻi, "ano").

I ka pili o ka Tilly i nā sciences këia 'ano ua maopopo, no ka mea, a pau no ia - he na mea o ka mahele. Akā, no ke aha la ka mea, ua aʻo 'okoʻa no ka hoʻopaʻi'?

Ka mea mea i ike i ke ano maoli o loa multifaceted, e nā mea he nui okoa aoao a me kaʻike. A me kekahi o kona 'epekema, e ike a me ka wehewehe wale hikiʻole iā ia. I mea no ke aha la Hawaiʻi nei i hana mau ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ka okoa keʻano o ka hanaʻana, nā mea a me nāʻike manaʻo i loko o ka honua a puni mākou.

He Hoikehonua a me nā sciences

He hana hoihoi ia mai ai i ka XVII kenekulia, ka 'epekema o ka Honua i ka hoʻokahi a me ka manaʻo aukahi. Akā, ma manawa, o ka hoʻomāhuahua o hou ike, o ka mea i oi eiiieaena, a differentiated kona mahele. Koke uhai aku, mai ka hana kemika o kālaimeaola, a me ka hope geology. Ma hope, he mau o ka honua sciences lilo kuokoa. I keia manawa, ma muli o ke ao ana o na eiiiiiaiou likeʻole o ka Leeuwerikplein wahī hana, a hooikaika aku la i ano laulea o ka hana kemika a me nā sciences.

I kēia mau lā i loko o ka 'ole o ka hana kemika' o ia hoʻi,ʻaʻole e emi malalo o ke kanalimaʻokoʻa ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana. Kēlā me kēia no ia i kona iho noiʻi ki ina hana like. I mau, ka hana kemika ua maheleia i nui na pauku elua:

1. Helu Tilly.
2. Kaiapili-aneiai hana kemika.

Ka mua haʻawina o ka hana kūlohelohe a me ka mea, a me ka lua o ka - naʻike manaʻo e hana i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. Pinepine i ka pilina ma waena o ka puka no ka hoʻopaʻi 'elua, mai kekahi mau pauku o ke ao ana i ole e Hahai I.

Ma ka kekahi lima, ma muli o ia i ka hana kemika o ka mea'ē aʻe sciences ka loa kokoke. Penei, o ka loa aikane oe a me ka "ohana" no ka mea, e:

• ke kālaikūlohea;
• kālaimeaola;
• kālaikaiaola;
• Makemakika (i loko o ua anahonua);
• mōʻaukala;
• hoʻokele waiwai;
• kemika;
• cartography;
• lapaau;
• sociology;
• demography a me na mea e ae.

A ma ke kuʻina o ka hana kemika a me nā sciences e pinepine hiki ke lilo loa hou ana. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, ma laila geophysics, geochemistry a 'inikua hana kemika.

Ke kālaikūlohea a Tilly: i ka pilina ma waena o nā sciences

Ke kālaikūlohea - mea, ma ka oiaio, ka maemae epekema o ke ano. Kēia manawa ua loaʻa i loko o nā hana o Helene thinker Aristotle e noho ana a hiki i ka IV-III nō. BC. A no ke aha ka pilina o ka hana kemika a me ke kālaikūlohea loa pili.

Ke ae pā o ka lewapuni puʻe, i ka muli o ka makani a me hiʻona o ke kahua o mauʻaʻei landforms - e hoike aku i kēia mau Halaman i loa paʻakikī,ʻaʻole io i ka ike i loaa ia lakou ma ke kālaikūlohea haʻawina. Ma kekahi mau kula i ka hana o ka hoʻokō ' noniakahi nā haʻawina, a i organically ulana ke kālaikūlohea a me ka hana kemika.

I ka pili ma waena o kēia mau sciences i loko o ke kula kōkua haumāna iʻoi aʻe ka naauao o ka papa i nā puke a me concretise lākouʻike. Eia hou, e hiki ke lilo i mea hana o ke kahua o informative ukupanee ma schoolboys ia "e pili" 'epekema. No ka laʻana,, hina hiki i kekahi haumāna i ole maoli kiʻi a me ke kālaikūlohea i loko o ke aloha me ia ma kekahi o nā haʻawina o ka hana kemika. 'O kēia kekahi nui ke ano a me ka hoʻohana' ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'pili' o Randy.

Kālaimeaola a Tilly

Palapala Tilly a me ka kālaimeaola, paha ka loa ahuwale. He mau sciences hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ano. O ia ka leo e kālaimeaola e kālele ana ma luna o ola meaola (mea kanu, holoholona, a me ka fungi anakahi iki-meaola), a me ka hana kemika - ma luna o kona abiotic eiiiiiaiou (pohaku, na muliwai, o ic ??, aniau, a pela aku ...). Akā, no ka mea, i ka pilina ma waena o ka poʻe ola a me ka ole-ola eiiiiiaiou o ke ano e loa ma kahi kokoke, a 'o ia hoʻi iʻikepili, a me ka priori' epekema pili.

Ma ke kuʻina o ka kālaimeaola a Tilly i hana i ka pono hou ka hoʻopaʻi - biogeography. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea o kona ao - biogeocoenoses, a me ka launa pū, a biotic a me abiotic eiiiiiaiou o ke kaiapuni.

Kēia mau sciences pūʻo Desha i ke kahe o? Aneie'ōnaehana. Loaa i ka'ākau pane i ka mea hana kemika a me ka kālaimeaola e consolidate kā lākou mau hana a pau.

Kālaikaiaola a me ka Hoikehonua

Mau no ka hoʻopaʻi 'mau mea pili loa interrelated no laila, i kekahi manawa i ke kumuhana o ko lākou mau haʻawina i hōʻike'. Ka pāʻoihana i kekahi? Aneie pilikia mea wale ole me ka olua i, ao ke ano o ka hana kemika.

Oi loa aku ka ikaika o ka pilina me ka? Aneie physical hana kemika. Ua kūpono ma ke kahua o ka loa hou 'epekema - Environmental Geoscience. No ka mea manawa mua keia kau hoʻolauna Carl Troll i loko o ka makahiki 1930. He He hulina noi ka hoʻopaʻi 'ia Hawaiʻi ka' ole, ka waiwai a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana i lawe wahi i loko o ke kanaka i hoʻolilo 'ia, e like me nā meaola ola.

Kekahi o ka ua ki hana mea e huli no Geo-kālaikaiaola a me ka hooulu ana o? Aneie'ōnaehana hana, e like me ka helu ana o na ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka mea hānai kūpono' ana o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'wahi a me nā panalāʻau e.

Kemika a Hoikehonua

Kekahi hahau ana o ka papa maoli sciences, i mea pili ano laulea me ka hana kemika - ia Aloha kemika. Ma kekahi, ka mea hana i ka hana kemika o soils a me ka lepo 'epekema.

Ma ke kumu o kēia mau hoahanau i waho, a e ulu hou 'epekema ke kahua. Ua mea, mua o nā mea a pau, geochemistry, hydrochemistry, ka lewa kemika a me geochemistry o Landskap. A like o kekahi o nā kumuhana apau loa o ka hana kemika mea wale ole me ka pono ike o kemika. Mua o nā mea a pau a mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kēia nīnūnē:

• hoi o ka makana o ka Nine Inch nā kumumea i loko o ka Honua ka pńpa;
• ka Nine Inch 'ole o ka lepo;
• kaʻakika o ka lepo;
• ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka wai;
• maʻamau o ka moana wai;
• aerosols i loko o ka lewa a me kā lākou mau kumu;
• Polenekia o ka 'ona i loko o ka lithosphere, a me ka hydrosphere.

Ke kaʻaluna o ka mea i nā haumāna e e oi mana ma ka hua'ōlelo o noniakahi nā haʻawina, me ka nānā 'keʻena hoʻokolohua a me nā lumi papa kemika.

Makemakika a me ka Tilly

Pilina ma waena o makemakika a me ka hana kemika, he poe nui loa pili. No ka laʻana, e aʻo aku i kekahi kanaka, e hoʻohana i ka Leeuwerikplein palapala 'āina a me ka manao ana o ka wahi me ka walaʻauʻana makemakika ike a me ka mākau hiki.

Palapala o ka makemakika a me ka hana kemika hoikeia'ku auanei i ka wa o ka ai-kapaia Leeuwerikplein Pahuhopu. He ka hana:

• ma ka kekahi mamao ma ka palapala 'āina;
• i ka manao paa o ka unahiʻole, i;
• e hoʻomaulia i ka kiʻekiʻe o nā mauna o ka mahana gradients a puʻe gradients;
• i ho o ka helu wehewehe nā hoailona, a me ka e like.

Eia hou, i ka hana kemika i loko o kā lākou noiʻi pinepine hoʻohana makemakika ano: ana helu, mea hoʻopili, koena, i ke ano o ka hōʻikeʻia nani (me ke kamepiula), a me kekahi poe e ae. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i aneiai hana kemika, 'aʻole hiki ke kapaʻia ka makemakika a me kona "hapa-kaikuahine".

Cartography a Hoikehonua

I ka pili ma waena o kēia mau ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana, i ole ai kekahi mea i ka iki kanalua. Ma hope o nā mea a pau i ke kāleka - keia mea i ka hana kemika o ka 'ōlelo. Me ka 'epekema o ka cartography mea hiki.

Aia He oiaio, he kūikawā ano o ka noiʻi - kŰia. He ua noho ma ka lima 'ike i ke nä känaka' epekema, mai kekahi mau pepa. Penei, ka Leeuwerikplein palapala mai ka maʻamau Tilly o ka huahana ua hoohuliia i loko o ke kumu o ka mea nui 'ike. Kēia noiʻi hana hoʻohana i loko o na kino: ma ka kālaimeaola, mōʻaukala, hoʻokele waiwai, HI, a no laila, ma luna o.

Mōʻaukala a Tilly

"Mōʻaukala ka Tilly i ka manawa a me ka hana kemika - mea he moʻolelo i loko o ka makahiki." He loa pololei manaʻo i kaheaia ma ka Jean-Zhak Reklyu.

Ka moolelo pili wale nō me ka lawelawe hana kemika (nioeaeuii-yeiiiie?). No laila, i loko o ka study heluna, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o kekahi mau aina hiki ole kāpae'ōlelo kona mōʻaukalaʻaoʻao. Penei, he opiopio geographer, he priori, e ka nui e maopopo i ka mōʻaukala keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hana i loko o ka kekahi wahi.

Nei, i waena o kānakaʻepekema loaʻa nā manaʻo ma luna o ka piha hoʻohui 'ia o kēia mau ka hoʻopaʻi' ana. A i loko o kekahi kulanui i lōʻihi, ua hoʻokumu 'ia e pili hana kūikawā "History a me ka Hoikehonua".

'Aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai a me ka Hoikehonua

He Hoikehonua a me ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai i hoi loa pili. I mea, i ka hopena o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o kēia mau sciences o ka muli o ka unuhi hou loa ka hoʻopaʻi kapaia aneiai hana kemika.

Inā ekonomteorii ki nīnau ka "mea, a no ka mea i ka paka", i? Aneiai Tilly mea kuhikuhi hopohopo i kekahi mea: Pehea, a ma kekahi mau waiwai i lawe? A me keia 'epekema ua ho'āʻo ana i ka loaʻa mai ke kumu o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka huahana ua hookupaaia ma kēia (mau) kekahi hapa o ka aina a me ka māhele' āina.

Aneiai Tilly Ua kaua kipi a hiki i ka waena o ka XVIII kenekulia. Kona makua kāne hiki e manao like me ka nui nä känaka 'epekema M. V. Lomonosova, i dala no ka manawa i ka 1751. Initially, aneiai Tilly i hoʻokahi wale nō ho'ākāka. A laila, ma ka laulā o kona mau pomaikai me ka pilikia o ka noho ana o hoʻomāhuahua ai koa a me ka urbanization.

I ka lā, aneiai Tilly kikowaena kekahi mau hana no ka hoʻopaʻi '. Ka mea, e:

• Tilly ka hana;
• mahiai;
• amo;
• aeuiiai ieaia?;
• ? ecia;
• Tilly o nā lawelawe.

I ka hopena ...

All sciences e pili pū ana i kekahi i kekahi a hiki i ka nui a uuku loa. Palapala Tilly a me nā sciences i kekahi kokoke loa. No ia mea, ke hele mai i ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana e like me mōʻaukala, ke kālaikūlohea, kemika, kālaimeaola,? Aneia iainiiaaiea a kālaikaiaola.

Kekahi o na hana nui loa ia o ke kumu kēia - kuhikuhi, a maopopo i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'kamaʻilio haumāna me kekahi examples. He loa nui he ano no ke kūkuluʻana i ka pono o ka hoʻonaʻauao kahua. No ka mea, o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka ike mea pololei e kaukaʻi ma ka ka hoʻokōʻana o kona palapala noi no ka hoʻoponopono mea hiki pilikia.