Jean-Zhak Russo: ke kumu o manaʻo. Jean-Zhak Russo: Kawaihae, nā kaha puana'ī

Jean-Zhak Russo o kekahi o ka poe akeakamai, ka poe e e ka lōʻihi manawa e i hoopaapaa. Ina mea e pili ana i ka Wiliau Hōkū o thinkers o ka mālamalama , a, ma ka mea ku ole, kona loa implacable kiʻiʻoniʻoni? He Ua hoomakaukau ana i ka lepo no ka FaraniʻOiʻenehana, ai i na mea a pau, e hana ia i hiki mai ana? A hailona no biographers wawahi i ka ihe, arguing e pili ana i ka mea keia i Jean-Zhak Russo. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o keia poe akeakamai, no nā i kula naturalism a me ka sensualism, e nānā mākou i loko o kēia 'atikala. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ke kanaka ike i holo nei, e entail poino a me ka despotism engenders disenfranchisement o ka hapa nui. Ma ke kahua kahi o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe e noho ana ma lalo o ka ilihune laina kokoke, i kona manaʻo makeʻe i ka manaʻo o ke ao like.

Na manao o Jean-Jacques Rousseau: ka moe i kā lākou kāna mau 'ōlelo

I ka papa kuhikuhiE maka pua o nā manaʻo o ka poe akeakamai o ke koi, e hookaawale ia lana mai o ka moku'āina o ke kaiāulu i loko i ka mea o kēia manawa. Ia mea i ke kahua o kekahi mau palaho. His hoʻomāʻikeʻike nā hoapili i ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka mea i e oi wale pono hoʻonaʻauao aliʻi a me nā luna. Like pono me ka hoʻokumu o ka repubalika, ma nā mea a pau loaa like ka waiwai a me ka lakou mau pono kalaiaina. Rousseau manaoio aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE rula o ka pono o ke kaiāulu moe ana ma ka akau pono manaʻo. Poe akeakamai e olelo aku nei i "kela kanaka keia kanaka ka pono," ka wā o kona "ponoi makemake ma na mea a pau e ku me ka mau makemake." Morale i ke kumu nui ana o na mea a pau no ia. No laila, ka mea manaoio aku ia me ka hana pono i ole maoli o ke ku okoa ana, aole ia i nei. Akā, i kona ola ua like ia me he refutation o kona kālaiʻike holoʻokoʻa.

Kawaihae. Wa opiopio, a me ka i kakahiaka nui 'oihana

Jean-Zhak Russo, i ka walaʻauʻana i ka manaʻo nui o ka a mākou e ke kālailai, i hānau i loko o Geneva, a me kā lākou mau haipule i hilinaʻi i ke keiki i ka Calvinist. Kona makuahine i make i loko o ka nahunahu hanau, a me kona makua kāne i holo i ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka ua i ka luahi o ke karaima hoopii. Mai ka kakahiaka nui elemakule hanau ae la i apprenticed, akā,ʻaʻole i ka notary, aole hoi ka mea kahakaha, a hoʻi i ka wā e hiki mai poe akeakamai, i i makemake ia. Ka mea i ka mea, he makemake i ka heluhelu i nā puke avidly, a 'Aʻole e holopono. He Ua pinepine hoopaiia, aʻo kona hoʻoholo nō i ka holo. He hele mai i loko o ka pili 'āpana - Savoy, ka mea ua Hui. Aia, me ke komo ana o Mrs. de Ka Varan - kona hoa mua, lilo iho la oia i ka Hui. Pela i hoomaka ai ka ordeal o ka uʻi thinker. Ua hana lackey i loko o ka aristocratic ohana, akā, i ole hopu ma luna o laila, a hele hoʻi ia Madame de Ka Warens. Me ka mea, o kona pii ana i ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ke Kulanui 'o, Ka Wailele O kona mau makahiki e auwana ana ma Farani, pinepine moe ana ma ka hamama lewa, a me ka hoike ana i kona mau kahiko aloha. O ke alo o kekahi admirer "makuahine" 'aʻole i bother ia ia. No kekahi mau makahiki, Jean-Zhak Russo, nona Kawaihae mea i loko o kona wa opiopio ua ai okoa mai o kona hope wale, laila mai, a laila, hoʻi iā Madame de Ka Warens, a ola me ia i loko o Paris, Chambery a me nā wahi.

waiwai nui

E noho no kekahi manawa lōʻihi me ka protégé o kūnewa hoʻoipoipoʻana Rousseau e ho'ōla i loaʻa ka mea hiki ole i ke. He Ua ho'āʻo i ka hana, akā, ka mea, ua hoʻokuʻikahi. He ua hikiʻole ke aʻo aku i kekahi keiki,ʻaʻole hoʻi e hana ma hope Kakauolelo. A me nā mea a pau na nā haku a pau pilikia. Misanthropy ke kiʻekiʻe o komo i loko o ke ano o keia kanaka. Me kanaka ka mea, aole e converge. Nature - Ka helu kuhi puke i ka manawa aloha o ka mehameha loa e like me Jean-Zhak Russo. Kawaihae no ka poe akeakamai kokeʻo ia i ka ho'āʻo 'ana e - ia i mare i kekahi kaikamahine ana i loko o kekahi o nā hotel. Ua ua he maka, konaʻena wahine, ka mea ana i i ole aloha, akā, mea, nāna lākou iā ia. A pau i kana mau keiki, alaila, haawi mai ia i ka olu, i ka i ana mahope i ke kala no ka ohana ka mea, i hana ole. He hana mau, e nana i hana i kela pokole kulana, aʻaneʻi, i kakauolelo, komo i ka Society o ka Encyclopedists, ka poe i hele i ka hale. Kekahi o kona mau hoa mua ua Denis Diderot. Ka hope ua pinepine malalo, e hoomaau no ka pili wale. I kekahi lā, ka wā Jean-Jacques hele aku e kipa Diderot i loko o ka hale paʻahao, oia heluhelu i loko o ka nupepa, a no ka hoʻok & ia nā kumu kāki no ka mea e pono ai ka hana ma luna o ke kumuhana, e i pono i ka malu o ka 'epekema a me ke akamai. Ke kanaka opiopio, palapala iho la i ka (essay) denouncing i ka moʻomeheu a me ka noho maikai ana. Ironically, ka mea, ua i ka wahi mua ia i loaa i ka Jean-Zhak Russo. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o kona kālaiʻike i hoikeia ma ke kikokikona. Pela i hoomaka ae la i kona ola me ke thinker.

nani

No ka Rousseau ola maikaʻi loa heʻumi makahiki. He palapala iho mele a me ka operetta, a kau ma luna o ke aliʻi ke kahua. Ua ua kaila ma kiʻekiʻe lehulehu. A no ka mea, kona kiʻi i ka manaʻo i ka rejection o Contemporary moʻomeheu, oia haalele i nā loina o ka waiwai a me ka pomaikai ke ola, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomākaukau wale (a he hawawa koʻu) a hoomaka ae la i konaʻena, a kūpono 'eʻauʻau kai me kā lākou mau buddies-aristocrats. He hoʻolimalima i ka ola ka hoʻopiliʻana memo. ʻOiai kaiāulu hoʻoipoipoʻana e lū aku la ia ia i na makana, i ka makana a pau kuʻi i kona kuko wahine. Soon poe akeakamai kakau iho la i kekahi hana, a ua lilo i mea mahaloia. Pili manaʻo o Jean-Jacques Rousseau, ikea no ka manawa mua i loko o kēia hana. Arguing ana pehea ua like ole, thinker paʻa i nā mea a pau i ku i ka naau o ke kālā no ke kaiāulu - ka moku'āina, nā kānāwai, me ka mahele o ka hana - a pau i kēia alakaʻi i kekahi kulu i loko o morale. Kekahi o tsenitelnits Rousseau, Madame d'Epinay, kukulu no ia i loko o ko lākou'āina hoʻoili kūikawā "ʻeleʻele," i loko o ka ululaau, ma ka poe akeakamai hiki aku la ma ka noonoo ana i ka mehameha loa. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka pilikia ka Awaits me ke keiki mare aristocrat, a alakai ai i kekahi Temepela i waena o Enitsklopedistov, Rousseau wawahi i mau hoa.

pilikia

Poe akeakamai loaa puʻuhonua, a me ke Duke o Lukemapuka, kahi ia i ke ola no kekahi makahiki eha, a kakau iho la he nui loa na hana. Kekahi o ia e lawe maluna iho ona i ka inaina o ka Ekalesia, a holo aku la ia, mai ka adjudication o ka Paris hale kanawai. Pee i loko o kona mau kanaka maoli Kuikilana, kana i ike mai ia oia, he, ua i hoʻokipa 'aneʻi - ke aupuni o ka Canton o Berne pepehi hoʻolele poe akeakamai. New malumalu haawi mai ia ia i ke Alii o Prussia - nō makahiki ekolu Rousseau paʻa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Moutier. Akā, laila, i ka feisty ano mea ia e hakaka me nā mea a pau i ka puni kupa. Ke ho'āʻo nei e hoʻomaka i ka hou ke ola,ʻo ia ke hele mai hoʻi i Geneva, a lawe maikai nei Calvinism, akā, no hoi me ka poeikohoia o ka hoomana ana, e hiki ole ola peacefully, a hoomaka ae la e paio me ia. Ke apogee o kēia mau pilikia i ke kue i kekahi "luna o ka naau" o ka mea au - Voltaire, ka mea i noho ma Geneva, ma Ferney waiwai. Kūhalahala enemi hoʻohana pepelu ola mai Jean-Jacques o Motier a me Rousseau e pakele i 'Enelani. He lawe maikai nei oia i olelo kono i kekahi poe akeakamai, Hume. Akā, me ia ia mea hiki ole i ka hele ana, a ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka hou hoa announces Rousseau Kamehameha.

Eha a me ka make

Poe akeakamai hoi i Paris, auwana hou, e lawe ana puuhonua o kekahi hoa, a laila kekahi. Voltaire hoʻomaka e hoolaha pepelu ma mea he weliweli olaʻo ia i noho ai i kekahi kanaka ma ka inoa o Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Ke akeakamai a me ka hana ana o keia "hookamani" mai i coincide i kekahi i kekahi, wahi a hoa paio. Ma muli o, Rousseau kākau ihola i ke kaulana "Confession", ho'āʻo ana e hoapono ia ia i kona hala a me ka makana. Akā,ʻo kona noʻonoʻo, nā kīnānā progresses. Kona ola kino i deteriorating hoʻomaka koke, a koke, e like me kekahi mana, ma ka Concert hāʻawiʻia i loko o kona hanohano, i ka poe akeakamai make koke. Kona lua ma ka mokupuni o Ewa ua lilo ia i wahi o ka noho malihini no kânaka o ka thinker ka poe i manaoio i Rousseau hina luahi i ka lawelawe loa.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Ke akeakamai o ka escapism

E like me ua oleloia, o ka hana mua o ka thinker ua Ua nâ, "hoopaapaa ana ia" e pili ana i ke akamai, 'epekema, a me ke kumu o ka like ole. A laila, palapala iho la oia i na hana e like me "Ka Social aelike", "Emile, a Sentimental Education" a me "Ke New Heloise." Kekahi o kana mau hana i kākau i loko o ka palapala o ka pepa (essay), a me kekahi me novels. He kaulana loa no ka polokalamu Jean-Zhak Russo. Ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo o kaʻilikai noho maikai ana a me ka moʻomeheu, mai a e holo, kaheaia ma ka ia i loko o kona wa opiopio, loaʻa kona maoli hoomau. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o ke kanaka, e like me aʻu i manao ai i ka poe akeakamai, mea i ka naau a me ka makaukau. XIX. Instinct no ka pono mea e ike ka lunaʻikehala, a me ka ano akamai. Like o ka manaʻo, ka mea e ole e hewa, aole nae pinepine i hoomaopopo. Pakebona, a pau mahalo, i alakai ai i keia emi ana o ke kaiāulu, no ka mea, o ka 'epekema, oe, a me ka hooulu ana o ka hana, a hoomaka iho la ma ka manawa, alakai aku ai i ka mokuāhana ma ana o kanaka, mai kekahi i kekahi, a me ka nānā aku oʻimi hoʻopunipuni pono ai. I ka hana ana o ka poe akeakamai - kekahi manawa hou e kanaka kekahi, a no ia mea, hauʻoli.

mōʻaukala wale

Akā,ʻaʻole wale ka pakebona a me kona piʻi like denounced e Jean-Zhak Russo. I ka kumumanaʻo o ka nohona aelike o kekahi o kona walaʻauʻana philosophical hopena a. Nema aku ana i kona Contemporary kālai'āina manaʻo, ia mea ku ei ke mahaloia iā Hobbes. Ma ka prehistoric au, e like me Rousseau, uaʻaʻohe "kaua o nā mea a pau e kū'ē i nā mea a pau," a ua ka maoli "gula makahiki". Hoikehonua, i haule ke kaiāulu kanaka, hoʻomaka me ke ano o ka waiwai - i ka wa i kekahi i kekahi pāʻani mai i ka paena a i mai la: "He mea - i koʻu" - nalowale childlike hala ole ana o ke kanaka. O ka holo ana, he mea hiki ole, e hoi hou i ka 'epekema, akā, hiki ke' ūlōlohi mai ana i ka holomua like ia. E hana pela, e komo i loko o ka nohona aelike, a hana i ka repubalika o like liʻiliʻi proprietors. I kekahi wā, aole e ole e hooholoia ma ke kaawale ana o ka mana, a me ka referendums.

He aha e ia i ke kanaka

He nui na kakau iho la Jean-Zhak Russo ka upbringing. e Man, mua o nā mea a pau, pono i ke ano maoli ia, no ka mea, a pau kona hoʻokumu paʻa inclinations a me nā mea hiki i ke kumu ma ke ano. No ka mea, manaʻo, e like me mākou i ike - o ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o kānaka, a me ka mea e hoʻomōhala ia. Keu manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē wale i ka luhi o, aʻaʻole hoonani. Currently, ka hanohano kanaka ke hele mai, mai ka naau, i mai o ka naau. People ho'āʻo mai e hoolohe i ka leo o ka manao, a me keia mea i ka - i ka leo kahea o na mea maoli ia. I kona alualu o ka noho maikai ana, ua poina ke kanaka e pili ana i ka mea a me ka kuli. No laila, e hoʻi i ka maikaʻi poe ma ke ala o ka "hanohano savage", hoouna pololei ma ka makaukau, a i uhai aku AND koiʻimi hoʻopunipuni etiquette.

Hoʻomāʻikeʻike wale a me ka hoʻonaʻauao

I ka manao o ka poe akeakamai piha o nāʻokoʻa. Kaua i ka moʻomeheu a me ka 'epekema, Rousseau, nae, ua mau hoʻomaha ai i ka hua, a ma o ka hoʻonaʻauao' ia 'ana o ke kanaka ike i ka pono no lakou, a me ka mea kanalua pono. He manaoio aku, e like na mea he nui o kona wā, i ina e hoʻolohe i nā luna i ka poe akeakamai, alaila, o ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, i oi hemolele. Akā, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole ka mea wale nō ke ku e, a ua ano o na thinkers me Jean-Zhak Russo. Kiʻina aʻo manaʻo o ka poe akeakamai manaolana ma ka hoʻonaʻauao, a oia nema aku. I ka mea hiki e ka mea e hiki ai ke hoala kuleana kanaka, a me ka ia, a me na luna, a me nā subordinates ua pono poʻe kauwā, a, he poe wahahee. Akā, e pono e hoomanao i ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi ke kanaka - o kona hiki wawe o ka nalowale paradaiso o ke gula makahiki, a ho'āʻo e lawe i ka i hiki mai ano.

Pono - ke kumu o na mea a pau

Oiai ke akeakamai o ke ola i i kulike i kona mau manao, pono Radio nui i kūlana ma kana mau hana a pau. Loka a me ka walohia, mai ka oiai o ka thinker, nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka hana pono, a me ka mea hope, o ke kumu o ka ke kanaka a me ka lehulehu. A manao iho la Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Poe akeakamai olelo e pili ana i pono, ano a me ka hoomana ana i nui like. A me ka pono e subordinated pono, a me ka manaoio i ke ano maoli, i mai la oia. Wale laila, ke kaiāulu kanaka, e e hemolele ka wā ma waena o ka pā ao ana o ke kanaka, me kona pono, a me ka 'ehaʻeha o ka naauao eiiiiiaiou ua loaʻa aloha me ka pono o nā hoa a pau o ke kaiāulu. Nolaila, kanaka pono lanakila i ko lakou pono mokuāhana mai kekahi i kekahi, aʻaʻole e me na nā loea kālai'āina ma "hou e like ole rabid hae ... ka poe Kristiano ... ka poe i makemake e • loaʻa hou i ko lakou mau hoa paio ma ke alanui o ka oiaio."

Rousseau ka ole i kona iho, a me nā kēia kenekulia ka mea, ua C. Brewer. Kona mau manaʻo e pili ana i ke kue o ke selfishness a me ka pono, ka hoopono, a me ka wahahee o ka kanawai wahahee o ka manaʻo'ālunu nona a me ka hala ole o ka poe ilihune, a me ka moe o kekahi hoʻi i ka maoli, ua lalau aku la ia ma na Romantics, ikaika no ka maikaʻi nohona mea a me ka pilina pono, imi o kūpaʻa a me ka fraternity.