Ka hopuna'ōlelo mea okoa mai ka hāpai 'ana, a me na hui pu ana o ka olelo? Ka Ikepili o collocations

Ka hopuna'ōlelo Ua mea maʻa mau, ua noʻonoʻo he aupuni kūʻokoʻa syntactic naehana, Ua fundamentally okoa mai o ka manaʻo. Eia kahi mea akaka i loko o ka 'ōlelo o ka nominative mau hana. Huikau inoa i hāpaiʻo ia nominative papa, i mea i ka olelo - hopuna'ōlelo.

Ke kaumaha a me ka hopuna'ōlelo - pehea e maopopo ia lakou?

Like ka hopuna'ōlelo mai i ka olelo, aole ia e pono i kekahi wehewehe. Ua Hōʻike i ka inoa o ka makahiki wale. Akā, ai kā ke hopuna'ōlelo ke kaumaha? Mua o nā mea a pau, ia mea he huina lakou o nā hua'ōlelo a me ka olelo ano, i ka manaʻo o OAXA, a koho-nō kāu kona valences. Ma "Russian grammar-80" ua maopopo ka hopuna'ōlelo me he semantic-grammatical kükohu hohola i ka hua'ōlelo.

Ka mea, e kaumaha ana i ka ia - keia mea he loa eiiieaena a me ka multifaceted kekahi. No kela a me keia o ia ma laila, he 3 lauana: olelo, semantic a me ka communicative (pragmatic). Walaʻauʻana grammatical ano o ka hoʻopaʻi ka predicativity, aʻo ka mea hiki e correlate i ka 'ike ma luna o keu-'ōlelo aku o ka lanakila (kūʻiʻo) me ka olelo kahua ma i ka māmala'ōlelo ua ua loaʻa (hana me ka memo). Ia mea i ka likeʻole ma waena o nā hopuna'ōlelo i ke kaumaha, me ka pōkole.

Ka Mooolelo O aʻo wale i loaʻa nä hopuna, oa ka poe ma i ka maopopo waiho waho kaawale lexical manaʻo o kona constituent hua'ōlelo. Inā ka mea i nalowale, mākou e Hana me ka phraseology, i mea hou malalo iho e noiʻi i grammar.

Ieoaeunoai o nä hopuna

Hopuna i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kekahi Hawaiʻi nei hoʻomohala i loko o ka' ōlelo ÷, i ua paʻi i loko o ka'ōlelo. Ka mea, i ke ano o ke 'ano apau loa EUIAaIN ka noho', a coincides me ka noho 'ana o ka papa hua'ōlelo (i ka kekahi koena unuhi hopuna'ōlelo ma luna o kaumaha aku).

Lākou haku mele 'ana e like ole elua wale eiiiiiaiou: haku, a me ka hoʻokuapaʻa (hemahema hoi hopuna'ōlelo). I ka'īʻana mai i keʻano, a grammatical ke hui pu iho la kekahi mau eiiiiiaiou (oi aku mamua o elua), ma waena o a loaʻa nō nāʻanoʻokoʻa o syntactic dependency.

'Ano apau loa nunui-hopuna

Ka mea hiki e:

- alu (sequential hoolohe) e kuai i kekahi päkaukau, he hoaaloha o koʻu makua kāne;

- eiiieaena (laua hoolohe) ua lohe nuiʻia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale a hiki i ka mea'ē aʻe buke;

- pono ole, (me ka heterogeneous wehewehe ma lalo o ke poo): kahiko aniani vase, juicy nekoshenaya mauu;

- confluent (i hanaʻia ma ke kahua o ke kaumaha ai oukou ia): kuai nupepa a me Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, hulu hipa a me ka silika fabrics.

Ka Ikepili o collocations

Ka mea mua i ke kaʻina hana o ka Ikepili o ka hoʻokaʻawale o nā manaʻo kōkua slovosochetatelnogo a pau aeie, a me ka hoomaopopo ana i ke 'ano o ka papa i loko o noonoo ole (bicomponent).

Ka lua o ka anu u - he Ikepili o ka poe noonoo ole nä hopuna e lawe i ka mooolelo nui kiko'î characterizing ia penei:

1) i ka loiloi mua shape;

2) kekahi hapa o ka olelo i ka olelo no ka luna;

3) ke 'ano o ka syntactic pōʻaiapili a me ka mea o ka manaʻo;

4) kikokiko i ka syntactic pili;

5) 'ano apau loa hoʻoikaika kino e kaukaʻi hua'ōlelo;

6) ka ho (aeie kiʻikuhi).

Conditionality 'ano apau loa e kaukaʻi hua'ōlelo

Conditionality ano e kaukaʻi hua'ōlelo hiki ke nānā 'ia e ka papa kuhikuhiE grammatical waiwai, e like me kona affiliation i ka kekahi papa o nā hua'ōlelo (hapa o ka olelo) a me ka kekahi grammatical waeʻano i. Pela, ke hiki i ka e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i adjective noun:ʻoliʻoli milkman, kahiko puke.

Verbs like grammatical papa o nā hua'ōlelo i ho'ākāka 'qualitative adverbs: i ka hana oolea, e olelo leo nui. A pau o kēia mau hopuna i grammatically hoʻoponopono. Ke alo aku o ke kalele iho palapala i loko o ka accusative me ka preposition ua nānā 'lexical a me grammatical waiwai o ka hoʻololi o ka papa kuhikuhiE verb: e heluhelu i kekahi puke, inu ka waiu.

Hana e kaukaʻi hua'ōlelo hiki ho oholo i ka kūlana o ka papa kuhikuhiE a hiki i ka kekahi semantic papa a lexical-semantic pūʻulu (LSG). Penei, a pau na olelo no ka waha 'kamaʻilio palapala me ka hui pu me ka e kaukaʻi noun i loko o ka vocal hihia palapala me "pela aku" pretext: e olelo aku i ka kekahi, e kūkākūkā pū kekahi. Hōʻailona puʻupaʻa o ka wahi likeʻole o ka olelo, a me loko o kona manaʻo modal ke keʻena (Opportunity, makemake, nele, etc.,), me he kalele iho nō i ka infinitive o ka verb: e makemake e aʻo, e aʻo, i ka makemake e aʻo, i kona makemake ana e aʻo. A pau o kēia mau hopuna i semantically hoʻoponopono.

Eia hoi, i ke kinona o ka kalele iho hua'ōlelo ke hoakaka i ke kanaka o ka papa kuhikuhiE lexical manaʻo. Ma keia hihia, oia ka elele o kekahi o oop ke hana kekahi mau pu: kuai hua - hua kuai; uku ka uku - uku no ka hele ana; haʻaheo hoa - hoomana i kekahi. Ma keia hihia, ua olelo aku o lexical nä hopuna kena.

Haʻalele nā hua'ōlelo pu ana

Ike i ka likeʻole ma waena o ka hopuna'ōlelo, mai ke kaumaha, e pono e maopopo ia, mai nā ana o nā hua'ōlelo.

E like me ka kūikawā syntactic pa alima ka kekahi waiwai, a me ka'ōlelo ÷ (aeie kiʻikuhi), ia mea e pono ke hoomaopopo i ke kēia pu o ka hua'ōlelo ma ka olelo:

1) ka hui pu ana o predictive (kumuhana predicate +): ke keiki e holo mai ana;

2) mai ka polupredikativnyh: aʻo ia, i ke kipi, ke noi mai ka mea ino;

3) o coordinative: laau uuku a me na laau ulu i loko o ka hoakaka;

4) mai ka appositive pu (he huihui 'ana o ka palapala noi, me ka hoakaka i ka hua'ōlelo): ka haumāna Ivanov hele mai;

5) o ka pu e ala mai wale i loko o ka'ōlelo: i ka makua kāne a me kāna keiki, he mau mea i like loa.

Ike i ka likeʻole ma waena o nā hopuna'ōlelo a me nā kaumaha ai oukou ia mai ka pu ana o ka hua'ōlelo i loko o ia, oe e competently hana parsing , a pale aku grammatical hewa. He mea nui i loko o ke ao o "Ka Mooolelo O", e like me ka mea ma luna hehee wale i kī i loko o laila, a me ka mea pono differentiate. Hopefully, ua maopopo wehewehe i loko o kēia 'atikala, pehea eʻike i ka hopuna'ōlelo, mai ka olelo.