Ka Papa o Prince Ivan Kalita. Ivan Kalita: Ma ka noho alii ana

Nui kulekele hāʻule ma ka mōʻaukala i ke aloha i kā lākou hana, a me ka ole i ka inoa kapakapa, akā, ka mea, o lakou no ka poe, i kekahi manawa, aptlyʻikepili ae mamo e Loiloi i ka loa o ke kanaka o ke alii. Kona inoa kapakapa Kalita Ivan Danilovich loaa i ke ola o ka ka lokomaikaʻi e hōʻike i ka poe ilihune. Kalita - heʻili eke, ka aa kala ole. Ma Moscow aina noho kekahi kaʻao e pili ana Prince mahele apana, ke kālā i lawe mai i kaʻili aa e kau ana ma luna o ke kāʻei. Eia hou kekahi,ʻaʻole loa lakou e minamina dala, kuai aku la ia i ke kokoke na'lii, tirelessly priraschivaya hou aina. La kekahi kanaka o ke kupaianaha kalaiaina talena, akamai a me ka lokomaikaʻi, resourceful a me kaʻoʻoleʻa, huiia he nui'āina Lūkini, a hoʻokumu i ka Moscow aupuni - ka mea, 'o ka Grand Duke o Moscow, Ivan Kalita, i ka makahiki o kona noho alii ana - mai ka 1325 a hiki i 1340 I kēia lā mākou e olelo no ia.

A mamo o Aleksandra Nevskogo

Nāʻoihana mai e malama pololei ikepili ma ka manawa o ka hanau ana o Ivan Danilovich: moʻolelo i alakaʻi no ka wā mai ka 1282 ma luna o 1283 makahiki. He ua i ka ha o ke keiki a Moscow Prince Daniel Alexandrovich a me ka moopuna o Aleksandra Nevskogo. E like me na kanawai o ia manawa i ka ha o ke keiki hiki ole manaʻolana no ka nohoalii aliʻi, akā, e huli mai ia ia i ka inoa o Ivan I Kalita. Nā luna o Rusia pinepine hoopaa lehulehu oihana palaka.

Ke ala a hiki i ka noho aliʻi

Ka mua hoomanao o Ivan Danilovich ma ka Novgorod Chronicle ua hana ia 1296 ka makahiki ma muli o ia i kona helehelena i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. I ka hoomaka ana o ke kenekulia umikumamaha āna i aliʻi ai ma Pereslavl-Zaleski, a ana malama aku ia i loko o ke kaua me ka Tver boyars Akinfiev i ka 1305.

I ka 1303 i kona makua kāne make Ivan Daniil Aleksandrovich, a me nā aliʻi nohoalii ae i kona kaikuaana Yuri, ka mea i alii iho la oia Moscow lepo me ka 1303 ma luna o 1325 makahiki. A pau i kēia manawa Ivan i hoomakaukau ikaika kākoʻo i Yuri. Pinepine limahana ma ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe, a hele aku la i ke Gula iā Goga Yuri Danilovich me ka naau a malie iho la haʻalele i ka na'lii, i ka maikaʻi nana ma hope o Ivan Kalita. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Yuri Danilovich - me ka 1303 no ka 1325 A i keia manawa, no kela kumu ka mea'ē aʻe hoahanau make Ivan Kalita, a me ka wā i loko o nā lima o ka iā Goga Tver luna make Yury o Moscow, ke hele mai i ka noho alii ana Ivana Kality.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka noho alii ana o

Ua ua he uaua wā. Iā Goga Power ana i ka pau o Rusia. A me ka noho alii ana o kēlā me kēia luna ua kūkākūkāʻia i loko o ka iā Goga. A lohe o John Danilovich i ka noho aliʻi,ʻo ia ia mea, hoʻoikaika ihola e hele i ke Gula iā Goga. Aia i loko o nā mea a pau kona brilliance i hoike mai i kona kalaiaina mākau nui. He ua hiki ke negotiate me ka Tatars i na makana a nui aku oukou mamua o imi maluhia ola ana, a hoomalu Muscovy , mai ka poipu ana o ka Tatars, ma o na la nui pilikia.

I ia mau lā, ka maluhia a me ka noho malie, heʻaneʻane hiki ole i. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ina e hoʻokele ma ka uku nui i ka waiwai auhau i ka manawa, e pakele no ka Tatar kaua, hoalauna - nā aliʻi - hiki unleash i ka hou kai eʻe. Moscow haku mau hoʻokūkū ana me ka Tver. A Tver ua i loko o ka maikaʻi kūlana ma mua o Moscow. Ua kū ma luna o ka Volga, a la waiwai kālepa me kēlā hele makahiki hou, a nui, e hoolilo i ka aina Lūkini. Ua Ua maopopo Ivan Danilovich Kalita. kona aliʻiʻana ua ao aku la ia ia i ke ahonui o ka makahiki, a hoʻohana i ka kulu-ia manawa, a hiki wale i ka loa lono kaumaha.

Part i loko o ka punitive huakaʻi e ku e Tver a me kona hopena

Aha hiki ma August 1327 Tver uprising ku ei ka Tatars, tverichey loa, huli ae la ka hana ana o ka moolelo i loko o kaʻokoʻa ka ao ao. I ka hopena o kekahi kaulana kipi i ka piha loa ana o ka Tatar poʻe koa ma luna o ka iā Goga hiki ole ke kōkua akā pane. A ma ka 1328 i hoʻolako mai la oia i ka punitive huakaʻi e ku e Tver, ma i na luna, a me Ivan Kalita, i ka makahiki o kona noho alii ana i pono e hoomaka ana. He hiki ole ka hoʻoloheʻole, aʻike akula i loko o ka suppression o Tver wā e hiki mai ka mana o ka Muscovite moku'āina. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Tver rula ana i hee aku la kona Prince Alexander i Pskov. Ivan Kalita mai Uzbek Khan loaʻa i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka na'lii o Kostroma, a me ka hiki i ka pāʻana i ka Great Novgorod.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ke aliʻi o Suzdal i ka 1331 Prince o Moscow i mai Khan Uzbek i 'ae' (ae) no ka Luna Nui Duchy o Vladimir, a lilo iho la ia i ka luna o ka holoʻokoʻa pili aupuni'ōnaehana ma Hawaiian Rusia. Eia hou kekahi, Ivan Danilovich, e hoike ana i poʻokela akamai, hookonokono ae la i Khan i hōʻeaʻole o ka aelike. 1 Ivan Uzbek kauoha ia e ohi i ka auhau, mai kanaka ia makahiki, no ka olelo hoopomaikai mai e hana i ka kaua, a hoouna aku la Baskakov. Na aoao elua ua mālama lākou hai mua ia mai, i papani ai hoi i ka Tartars hao Lūkini aina, makau i ka inaina o ka Uzbek a me Kalita piha uku o ka auhau i kukuluia.

ka na oihana e pili ana

Chronicles o ia mau manawa hoonani aku i ka noho alii ana o Prince Ivana Danilovicha Kality: negotiating me ka iā Goga, ka mea, ua loaʻa i ka nui wā o ka maluhia a me ka noho malie, ka wa i lawe mai kekahi mau nui-me ka unahiʻole, i ke kumuhana, haawi nui hooikaika Moscow ka mana.

Hookahi kanaha makahiki o ka noho malie i hâʻawi wale 'ia Lūkini lepo Ivan Danilovich. Up a 1368 ma ka aina Moscow i ole he hookahi kaua. Pehea e hana ia? Haku hana ma mua o ka iā Goga a pau i kona mau kuleana:ʻo ia mau uku a me ka hoʻokupu, i olalo i makana Khan, kekahi manawa e hele mai ana i ona lā.

Ivan Kalita: Ma ka noho alii ana

Ma ka ninau o ana, e ohi i na mea nunui dala o ke kala, he mea ole hookahi pane. Aka hoi, ka mea, uaʻike ia i ka hoʻomaka o kona noho alii ana, i ka luna ua hiki ae hoomaemae loa oia i ke alanui mai ka poe powa a me kanaka Kalihiwai, chinivshih ia hilahila, no ka i loaa ia ia ka inoa kapakapa lua - Good, a ua lawe mai i Moscow poʻe kālepa a me nā huakaʻi, i ka mämä holo a me ka aoao mau hana e māhuahua.

Eia hou, kona hoʻomaopopo ana i nā luna appropriated he nui ke ano o ka ohi auhau, Ivan Danilovich hoʻohana brutal epekema i kona piha ohi, a ua hoopaiia e auhue ana kiaaina hōʻike i ke aloha i ko lakou mau hoa paio.

Ivan Danilovich Ua i kekahi mau huakaʻi i ka Lūkini kūkulu'ākau, a ma ia hōʻike mai i kekahi kumu o ka makahiki kona - lawaiʻa für. Kēia mau kiʻina hana e paha, a ua ae aku la ia ia, e ole wale maopopo pōpilikia me ke Gula iā Goga, akā, no hoi e e loli nui i loko o ka na'lii.

Moscow - ke kapikala o ka Ekalesia Lūkini

Ivan Danilovich uaʻaʻole pono he haipule, oia uaʻoiaʻiʻo o ka exclusivity aloha aku i ke Akua i ka malama ana, a helu i ke kōkua o ke Kauhalenui i loko o ka manaʻo o ko lākou mau manao, e unify i ka aina Lūkini, a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka Moscow State. Mālama e pili ana i ka maluhia o ka na'lii, Ivan Danilovich hoala houʻoka Kremlin, a i malama i ke kulanakauhale oaio, a kanu iho la. Ma ka palena o ka Kremlin, mai 1326 a hiki i 1333 makahiki, kukulu iho la i ka nani pohaku maha: Arkhangelsk, ka Mea e Olaʻi, a me ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui, Church o Ioanna Lestvichnika a me ka Ekalesia o ka hoopahaohaoia'na.

Kekahi o ka mea nui e piʻi like o ka Moscow luna kaua no supremacy ma na aina Lūkini o ka Hikina ─kau mea oia i kuikahi me ka Kauhalenui Oihana, i i ee hou Yuri Danilovich.

Paha ka mea, ua i kēia Kiure kūkulu pāhana i alakaʻi ai i ka hooholo ana Kauhalenui Peter e hoʻoponopono ai i kona noho ana ma Moscow. No kekahi mau makahikiʻo ia i huli no ka pono aina no keia mea. I ka 1326 Kauhalenui o Petero , make iho la, a kanuʻia ihola ia ma Moscow. Hope, e like me ka luna o Vladimir, Ivan Danilovich ua i ka canonization o Petero.

Na Papa a me ka hana ana o Ivan Kalita

Ma muli o ka hana kākoʻo mai o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church, a lawe mai i ka akamai kuwaho o ka hui ana i ka aina Lūkini, Ivan 1 kuai ai lanakila hou na'lii, e waiho ana i ka opu o ka mana i loko o nā lima o kūloko luna, me ka hoʻololi i ke kūlana o ka lunakanawai o ka Moscow luna. Ka uhaneʻike heluhelu Dmitry Donskoi, moopuna o Ivan Danilovich hōʻike ma ka hui ana i na aina Moscow kuai ma kekahi mau manawa o Uglich, Galich a me Merskogo Beloozero.

Paʻakikī no ka Ivan Danilovich ua mau i ka pilina me Tver. Ma hope iho o ka uprising o ka 1337 i ka 1327 makahiki o kona rula 'ano kupaʻa Konstantin, akā, laila, hoʻi maila ia Tver Prince-pio, oia kala aku Khan Uzbek, Alexander. Hoʻomaopopo i confrontation hoʻomaka hou, Ivan Danilovich hele aku la i ka iā Goga, a, haawi Khan makana me kėia ia i Alexander i pāʻani i ka papalua hihiu, i loko o ka hana o Lithuania. I huli ai oe i ke alii o Tver a me ka höʻike, akā, Huipû Kalita, a ma 1339 ma ka iā Goga Khan Uzbek hooko aku la ia ia a me kana keiki Theodore. He hana harshly ia me kona poe enemi, Ivan Kalita 1. Iloko o ka noho alii ana coincided me ka ruthless a me ka pilikia, no laila, hoʻokanikani iholaʻo ia ma kona mau rula.

Loiloi wā luna Kūhiō

Ka mea, ua i ka pomaikai hope o Ivan Danilovich. Ma ke kupulau o 1340, ua lilo seriously mai, hoʻomaha a i monastic hoʻohikiʻana i loko o ka Spassky hoailona, i kukulu ai ma kahi o kona noho. Aiaʻo ia malaila i kona mau mahina hope o kona ola ana, a make iho la i loko o March 1341.

Ua malama kekahi i oi ka palapala, ai ka hē, i kākauʻia e kekahi o nā mōneka. Ua Ua kapaia "E halelu aku Ivan Kalita", ma kahi e hoomaikai manaʻo hana a me ka hana "a pau o ka aina Lūkini", i mea ka ka luna Ivan Kalita, Kawaihae, papa kūkulu 'ia a me nā pono kīvila i poe paha i ka ia aliʻi pahuhopu nui - e hana i ka Moscow moku'āina.