Ka wai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻohālike o ke inu i ka wai ma mua a ma hope huikala

An kahiko nane penei: mākou - mea a mākou eʻai a me ka inu. Ia ka leo o ke ola. Aole e ole hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana, no ka mea, o ko makou kino, ua aneane kanahiku-kumamalima pakeneka - ka wai. Me ka wai i kekahi kanaka ke ola mahope aku o ole aku ma mua o ka hebedoma, a ma ka waonahele make mai dehydration i loko o nā hola. Ka mea e like ai o ka maoli inu e loli ai i ka moku'āina o ke kanaka kino. A me ke alanui mākou ola hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui, akā, mua a me ka poʻokela ma luna paha o ka wai, ua inu a me kahi hoʻomākaukau mākou i kā lākou mau ai.

Ke kahe ana o ka pono o ke ola

Like me kā ka inu i ka wai ma mua, a ma hope o lapaʻau i ka wai lako nenoai ma na mea he nui nā hoailona i ole i pai mai ai, a me kekahi manawa makau. A me keia mea pili kēia kalele iho ma luna o ka mea e like ai o kona wai i loko o ka ua wahi, a me ka mawaho kaiapuni. . O Ua koi 'ia? Aneie Ka Ikepili o nā wahi: Pehea kokoke nō i ke kumu o ka nui hanalima kulanakauhale. No ka groundwater kumu pane i ka ninau e pili ana i ka pono o ka wai, oia ka Ka Ikepili a me ka hana ana o ka wai mai ka luawai. Pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai, i ka mea he ano o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana i ka hoʻokō loa ma kekahi wahi, e hai aku i ka biochemical Ka Ikepili o ka luawai i ka iapaau ana.

Na hoike o na mea he nui hoʻonohonoho 'a papa hana e hana aku me ka wai quality, e horrific huahelu. More o kanawalu'āina a puni ka honua eʻike piʻi pilikia pili i kona wī. A me ka hapalua o kēia mau'āina e nui ma ka lihi o ka wai hoʻoponopono ulia. Aia ka he mea hilo e pili ana i ka helu,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka mea e like ai o ka wai. Wai - ke ao'ūheheʻe. No laila, 'ike loea obsolete o ka wai lapaau, a mahope huikalaʻana o ka hanalima neoneo wai lapaʻau mea kanu e ole hoʻopau i ka pilikia o ka wai o nā palapala a me ka pilikia dala o nā minelala hao (hao, manganese, keleawe, o Hereme, Aluminum, etc.) A ke aloha' ona (ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, a me na mea e ae. ). Virological, bacteriological e ho'āʻo ai ma na aina hōʻike ana i ua mahaloia mai'ō a'ō i kēia mau mea kiko'î kūmau. Pono hou, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hale, oa. A. Aia i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana mai, kena ae la ia e nā mea hoʻomaʻi, koʻohune, protozoa, a me nā microorganisms. Ka makeponoʻaoʻao o ka disinfection, chlorination, ina e paa ana ia ma luna o ka rula hiki aku ai i ka mea i hanaʻia me ka incompatible ola carcinogenic nui o ka chlorine i huiʻia i loko o ka wai. Hoʻohui 'aneʻi ka? Aneie pilikia, a me ka pilikia o ka mea hōʻemi o ka wai lako nenoai o ke kahiko hanalima kulanakauhale, a me ka mea lilo hoike ana ka manaʻo i ka pilikia. Ka wai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka mea e mau loa ana me ka wai maemae ma hope o laila, okoa ma ka mea e like ai.

Hanalima me ka unahiʻole huikala

Natural ka wai, mai ka muliwai (kūlanakauhale mau kukulu kokoke maoli kino o ka wai) komo i ka wai muliwai. He nui loa i kona wahi, i ka pa ua lawe mai kupuʻia mai o nā noho hale, a hana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, i loko o ka pela-kapaia hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe ciia. Ma hope oʻai ana ka wai i loko o ka sedimentation poʻina nalu, ai ka mua hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻanuʻu huli no. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mea e like ai o ka wai a hiki i ka wai huikala, a ma hope o ka huikalaʻana, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka sump paha i kūpono reagents. No ka hoʻonui (coagulation) o kau (particles) i loko o ka wai hoʻolauna i loko o ka hao a me Aluminum paakai. Mai tuko i kahi hookahi, i ka pakele ana i nā palapala impurities kānana ia hoonoho ai i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hei Kānana ua holoi, i mai ka wai-'ākilikai nā mea a kuhiliʻole kila. A laila,ʻoi aʻe kānana no ka inu i ka wai ua lawe mai ka hoʻohana pūpanapana kānana i hei ai lakou (particles) o 5 microns. Ka wai ma hope o ka Kānana, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe malalo o ka mana oolea, hao maʻiʻo no hou hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Special ke kahua, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe - disinfection

Inu i ka wai o ka piula wai i loko o ka nui hanalima kulanakauhale, naʻe kupono, akā, no ka hapanui o ia mau mea, e hoao. Akā, ke ole e hooko i kou niho mau hae - he mea no nā pā hale. Ma ka nui ana e hana i moku'āina o ka pilikia, akā, e pono koke hoʻomaopopo i ka consumer. Eia hou, i kekahi wai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe industrially hua mai la i hiki i ka consumer, nō hilinaʻi nui pili kēia ma luna o ka mea e like ai o kaʻohe i loko o ka'ōnaehana o ke kulanakauhale, i ko kakou mau hale a me n iaainoaoeii neo. Nolaila, he kūikawā wahi i loko o ka pōʻaiapuni o ka huikalaʻana i hope ke kahua decontamination. Ka loa, he pono ole, a makepono ano o ka disinfection mea chlorination. Akā, ma muli o ia i ka mea ulu ma ka uku ma ka chlorine-i loaʻa ka waiwai, keia iaoia 'aʻole i hoʻoikaika i ka mea e like ai o ka wai ma ka mākeke. Hoʻohālikelike maikaʻi o ka inu i ka wai ma mua a ma hope huikala chlorination kekahi manawa ka mea, ke hoala mai i ka ninau o ke ana, e huli i kēia i loko o ka inu disinfected wai.

ozonation disinfection

Ma hope o disinfection me ka chlorine i loko o ka wai hōʻike nō ia o organochlorine hui i mai i lilo aku i ko lakou kaʻawahia i maluhia iho la o ka piula wai wai i loko o ka hale ma hope. Aia nā pilikia o ka nele o ka chlorine Nine Inch. Mau pilikia hoʻonele ano o ka disinfection i lapaʻau kanu hoʻohana'okikene kolu lapaau nenoai. Ma na hihia a pau, i ka ozonation ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kahua o ka makaukau no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana. Kēia iaoia Ua oi pono a me ka maluhia. 'okikene kolu i lawa na mea hiki ke hua mai la i pololei ma ka wahi kahi i ua noi ia. Ozonation hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻohui pū 'ia me nā oxidants, chlorine, e like me me ka ultrasound lapaau a me ka ultraviolet irradiation. A maikaʻi maoli i ka kaua koʻohune i hāʻawi mai i ka'okikene kolu lehulehu o 0,4 ml no hano oʻehā wale nō minuke. Ke ozonization o inu i ka wai ma hope o lapaʻau Ua loaʻa extraneous hoao ana o impurities a me na ala. Inu i ka wai i maopopo ole compromising kona maoli waiwai. Oi'okikene kolu ua hoohuliia i loko o oxygen, me ka hihia hoʻi i loko palatability wai. Ke kumu i ka'okikene kolu decontamination iaoiaeii ua noi emi ma mua o chlorination hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i ka hewa waiwai o koʻana koko'okikene kolu pāʻoihana a laila aʻo i ka au mamuli me ka wai huikala, a hiki i ka wai huikala ma hope e loli ai i ka kanaka kino.

'Ano like ano o ka disinfection

I hana o ka disinfection koho me ka nānā 'ia ma ka lawe ana i loko o ka mooolelo kāki, hana ana, a, o ka papa, i ka mea dala o potable wai. Paha ka mea kahiko iaoia o ka aoao o ka wai nā lātoma i Ion o ka maikai i eliiaʻi (kala). Ua Ua maopopo i hiki ole keia hana e hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hanalima me ka unahiʻole. E like hou pohihihi keia, no ka mea, o ka mea ahiahi o ka iaoiaeii mea sterilization ma ka pāhawewe waiū. Akā, no ka inu i ka wai lapaʻau mea hoʻonoho o ultraviolet pāhawewe i increasingly i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka wahi lulu wastewater lapaau mea kanu.

Oi ka hao i loko o ka wai

Ma ka helu ana o localities i loko o ka pōʻalo o ke inu i ka wai, mai lola honua a me ka 'ilikai kumu o ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka Kānana no kekahi manawa ka mea, koe ike, akā, laila huli yellow. 'O kēia ka mua hoailona o ka oi o ka hao i loko o laila. A, i ka wai i maopopo glandularʻono. Ignoring keia pilikia mea pilikia loa ke kanaka ola a me ka pono o ke ola, 'ole. To, kēia wai hiki aku ai i ka mea hōʻemi o ka hale nā mīkini home e hoʻohana i ka like wai.

Universal ano o ka huikala mai hao malaila. Wai loko mai o ano honua kahi kumu hoʻohana mea kemikala iaoia ma ka ia chlorine paha'okikene kolu, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa - potasiuma permanganate a me ka paʻakai hydroxide. A ka wai loko mai o lola honua kumu, kiʻina hana kupono hoʻohana reagents a reagentless ia aeration. Aeration - mea he mālama nui ea ka pahu kui no ka oxygenation. Ma ka hale, i ka iaoiaeii ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka oi ana o ka wai holo ma nā kānana hao me kūikawā mea, e wehe i oxidized a mea hoʻoheheʻe hao. Kata hoao ana o ka wai ma hope o ka wai huikala Kānana nalo aneane loa.

paakiki ka wai

E kau mai ana ma kahi e, e hoolohe: He aha ka wai ka pahee - ke kopa, aole ia i holoi aku. Akā, he mea i ka pola o ka mahuahua rigidity pilikia. Nui paha ia e hoole tainted scum'ē aʻe, a tasteless kī a kope ma luna o ka wai, a me ka mea, ua ike i ka mea degrades i ka pono o ke kanaka ola. An i koe o ka wai-wailana paʻakai o ka hana ana i ka wai ikaika. Kēia? Aiaiiuie rigidity ua eliminated ma nā kapuahi. Akā, me ka ikaikaʻakika paʻakai, sulfates a me chlorides e hana i kekahi rigidity i pili ole hoʻololi i baila aʻela i. Mea ikaika. Ma ia mau hihia, o ka mea kemikala hoʻohana 'ia a me ka hoomaemae ana kāu kiʻina hana i oi pipiʻi - ke kūpaleʻana, distillation, electrodialysis. Ma kekahi wahi lulu nā papa hana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe paakiki groundwater hoʻohana kānana kūkulu ma luna aʻe osmosis. Ka wai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe nana e hoole osmosis i loko o ka Ikepili paka kilakila hopena.

nana e hoole osmosis

Nana e hoole osmosis - i ka hohonu, i ke kanaiwa-kumamalima pakeneka o ka, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Kaawale ana o nā waiwai i loaʻa ma loko o ka wai me ka mākaʻi ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o semipermeable membranes. ʻili lahilahi i ka holomua porous mea. Aia polyamide, kelulose'ākeka a me kekahi poe e ae, ka ili o kaʻili lahilahi i ka nui o ka hoʻokahi wale thousandth o ka micron ma i kekahi, wale wai nā lātoma. All impurities, me koʻohune, e waiho ma luna o kaʻili lahilahi. Inā he mea i ka ninau e pili ana pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe piula wai wai, ka mea, o ka mea e like ai, ike loea, environmentally launa ala e hōʻoi 'i ka waiwai maoli o ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Kalapona kānana. Enrichment o ka wai a me nā minelala hao

Kānana ke hoʻohana ma o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka sorbing waiwai o ka ho'ā' kalapona ia i loko o nā kuʻina hope o ka hope-iapaau ana ia mea, e pono e hoʻopau mailuilu haalele haiahū kūmau ma ka waihoʻoluʻu a pau, honi aʻaiʻana. No kēia mau hana i nā nā minelala hao maoli hoʻohana: Mountain pōaka, silikone, shungite. Lako oukou i mau nā minelala hao no ka wai ho'āʻoʻana e like me ka wai.

New wai lapaʻau 'enehana

Recent noiʻi ma o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka wā nanotechnology inu i ka wai huikala hua kilakila hopena. Haʻawina o na waiwai o ka silica i microparticles lole komoʻuʻuku nona nanometric ahu iho la ka hydrocarbon waiwai, hoike mai i ko lakou ikaika, e,ʻo (electrostatic attraction) i iho pathogens a me liluwelo nā lātoma. Just nanoparticles waiho i loko o haumia ka wai, a laila, e lawe aku oe i ka kūpono nanopowder kānana.

He nui nā'āina i kēia manawa e hana ana ma ka hanaia'na o ke nanofiltration na manao ona. Pono hōʻike huikala ana catalytic a me electrochemical ki ina hana like. Mau hou Nine Inch keʻano o ka hanaʻana no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka'ātoma kiʻekiʻe.