Kamepiula iole: i ka mōʻaukala o ka honua nei. Ua nana aku la e like me ka mua kamepiula iole?

I keia la, i ka iole - he pono manaʻo kōkua no nā mea a pau kēia kamepiula 'ē aʻe. Akā, oi nei ka mea, ua pau okoa. Kamepiula 'ē aʻe e mai i kekahi mea kiʻi hoʻohana mau', kauoha aku, a komo aku laʻikepili hiki e hoʻohana wale i ka eeaaeaoo. A i ka wa ua ka loa mua kamepiula iole? Oe e e kāhāhā e ike pehea evolution i hele ma ka mau no kēlā me kēia kumuhana.

ʻO wai ka mea invented ka mua kamepiula iole?

Douglas Engelbart Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka makua kāne o keia mea. He ua kekahi o ia mau kānakaʻepekema, ka poe e imi nei i pili i ka 'epekema i ano o kanaka, a e holomua ole i ka a pau. He invented ka mua kamepiulaʻiole i loko o ka kakahiaka nui 1960s i loko o kona Keʻena ma ka Stanford Research Institute (e Sri International). Ke prototype mua i kūkulu ai i ka 1964, ma ka iaoaioa noi no keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, waihoia ma ka makahiki 1967,ʻo ia i ka inoa me ka "XY wahi anakahi no ka hōʻike 'ia nei nenoaiu". Akā, he oihana palapala ma lalo o ka helu 3541541 i loaa wale i ka makahiki 1970.

Akā, a pau ka ai na mea?

Ua makemake mea ia a pau i ike i ka poe i hana i ka mua kamepiula iole. Akā, 'enehana trackball (poepoe makou a holo) i mua hoʻohana nui mamua Moku Canada. A laila, ma ka makahiki 1952, i ka iole o kaʻike mau maika mea poepoe pili ana i ka luna 'Lako'ōnaehana, a, ke haha aku i ka' oni iki o ke ao nei, a mamuli o kona neʻe ma luna o ka pale. Akā, i ke ao nei wale nō i loaʻa mai makahiki ma hope - no ka mea, ua he malu koa hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ole Palapala Sila Nui, a i ole ho'āʻo i ka paka i loko o nui mea. 11 makahiki ma hope ka mea, ua uaʻike, akā, loaʻa D. Engelbart ia ineffective. Ma ia manawa oia i ike pehea e kau mai i kona hihio o ka iole, a me ka noonoo o kanaka.

Pehea la ka manao?

XIX. Manaʻo ma luna o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole mua haliʻa ia D. Engelbart i ka 1961, i kona noho ana ma ka hālāwai kūkā ma luna o nā mea kiʻi kamepiula a me ka hoomanao i ka pilikia o ka hoʻoulu i ka laulā o ka pä Me. Ua haliʻa i loko ona e ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i uuku huila elua e hele nei ma ka tabletop (ua ke ka ao ka horizontally kekahi huila, a me ka mea' ē aʻe - hoʻopapakū) kamepiula hiki Hoʻokolo i kekahi hui malu pu ana o ke kuapo, a, niioaaonoaaiii, e neʻe i ka kahaʻimo ma luna o ka make. I kekahi mau loa i ka loina o ka hana, ua 'ano like ke planimeter - .. A hoʻopololeiʻia ana e nā kānakaʻenehana a me geographers e ana mamao ma ka palapala a me ka unuhi, etc. A laila, i ke nä känaka' epekema kakau iho i kēia manaʻo i loko o kou puke noke no ka hou ana.

Pani i loko o ka wā e hiki mai

Pono ma o ka makahiki ma hope, D. Engelbart loaa i ka haawi mai i ka Institute, e hoʻomaka kona noiʻi Initiative i kapaia "hou 'ana i ka hōʻike' ke Anuenue." Ma lalo o ka mea, oia poe i ka'ōnaehana kahi ike ka poe hana i ka hana ma luna kiʻekiʻe-hana kamepiula wahi pä ka hōʻike 'ana me, ia e nānā i ka nui ike online no ka lewa. Me ia, ka mea hiki ke hana pu, ka hoʻoponopono loa nui pilikia. Akā, i kēia'ōnaehana ua hoeha nui neleʻiʻo nō o kēia hoʻokomo o na manao ona. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i oluolu pāʻani aku me ka mea ma luna o ka pale, e pono e e hiki ke koke koho ia. NASA lilo hoihoi i loko o ka papahana a hāʻawi i ka haawi i ka hōʻoia 'ana i ke kamepiula iole i ua papahana. Ka mua mana o keia mea i like i ke kālā no ke nui. Ma ia laua, he kime o ka noiʻi i ua invented, a me nā manaʻo, a 'ae' ana i ka pāʻana i ka kahaʻimo ma ka ua e kekahi wawae hehi wāwae a kukuli ana kūikawā mea'ūmiʻi ma lalo o ka papaʻaina. Kēia mau hana i ole ola, akā, i ka joystick, invented i ka ia manawa, i hope hou, a ua nō i hoʻohana.

I ka 1965, i ke kime o D. Engelbart paʻi i ka hope loa olelo ma kona ao a me ka loiloi 'ana i ka laulā o kekahi mau ano o ke kohoʻana mea ma luna o ka pale. Aia ua o nāʻaʻa ka poe i komo i loko o ka ikea ai. Ua hiki e like keia: ka polokalamu hōʻike ukana i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka pale a me nāʻaʻa ho'āʻo me ke kaomi ana o ka mea okoa maalea me ka hikiwawe e loaa. E like me ka hopena o nā ho'āʻo ma mua kamepiula iole pono i oi i nā mea a pau nā manaʻo a me ka mea i komo like maʻamau lako a pan no ka hou noiʻi.

Ua nana aku la e like me ka mua kamepiula iole?

Ua Ua i ka lāʻau a me ka ua i ka mua hoʻokomo o ka manaʻo, a ua waiho i loko o ka lima o ka mea hoʻohanaʻana. Ike i ka rula o ka hana, e ano e ole kähähä, nana aku la e like me ka mua kamepiula iole ia. Ma lalo o ke kino, he mau iwi kuamoʻo mea hiki ke hooheheeia, huila, puni. Pihi i hoʻokahi wale nō, a me ka uea hele aku ma lalo o ke kanaka na pulima oʻu, e paʻa ana i ka mea kani. Ke prototype Ua ohi kekahi o ka me kēia haumāna D. Engelbart, me kona mau kumu, William (Bill) Inglish. Initially,ʻo ia hana i loko o kekahi keʻena hoʻokolohua, akā, koke hui i ka papahana e ho okumu i hoʻokomo o manaʻo, ua ulu a hoʻokō i ka manao o ka mea hou kani.

Ka lń a me ka haʻaluluʻana i ka iole, e hiki ke kikoo aku i kekahi waiwai pono pololei ana papamoe, a me ka vertical laina.

I ka makahiki 1967, neo? Aaiiai? Ua lilo ea.

No hea ka inoa?

Ālai 'ole kekahi hoʻomanaʻo i kapa mua keia iole noonoo. Kona ho'āʻo 5-6 kanaka, ka mea i hiki i puhi ae kekahi o ia ano like. No loko o ka honua ka mua kamepiula iole i ka uea-huelo i ka hope.

hou hou

O na papa, na prototypes ua mamao loa mai ka maikaʻi.

I ka makahiki 1968 ma Kapalakiko ma kekahi kamepiulaʻaha kūkā D. Engelbart hoʻolauna holomua mua kamepiula iole. Ka mea, he ekolu pihi, ma ka hou ana i kā lākou pōkole doukomplektovyvalas lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe no ka lima hema. Ka manaʻo i kēia: lima'ākau e hana ana me ka iole, ke kohoʻana a me ka ho'ā 'ia mea. A ua haʻalele i ka pono kumu no na kauoha a ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi meaʻuʻuku pōkole me elima ki lōʻihi e like me ka hoʻokani piano. A laila, ua lilo i mea akaka i ka Aʻole ka lima uea i hookahuli ai i ka wā hoʻohana 'ana i ka manaʻo, a me ia mea e e hōʻike ma kaʻaoʻao e ku pono ana. O ka holo ana, i ka pākuʻina kau no ma ka lima hema ua i loaa, akā, Douglas Engelbart hoʻohana mea ma luna o lākou kamepiula 'ē aʻe a hiki i ka lā hope.

Hoomau iho la lakou hana ma ka hoʻomaikaʻi

kekahi poe e ae ua hiki i ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma hope o ka iole? acaeoey ke kahua. Hapanui hana hoihoi 'o ia D. Engelbart, aole i loaa i kekahi royalties mai kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. No ka mea, Palapala Sila Nui ia me ka Stanford Institute i makaukau, ka Institute o Law ka inoaʻo manaʻo ma luna o ka noonoo o kanaka.

No laila, i loko o ka makahiki 1972, Bill English ua auou caiaiai na huila ma ka trackball, i 'ae' ike i ka holo ana o ka iole ma kekahi ala e hiki aku. No lailaʻo ia i hana ma Xerox PARC poe, ua lilo i kēia hou huahana hapa o ka holomua Xerox Alto kahua hae. Ua ua i ka ieie-kamepiula me ka mea kiʻi mau '. No laila, he nui kanaka manaʻo kuhihewa manaoio i ka mua kamepiula iole i invented ma Xerox poe.

I kekahi kahua o ka? Acaeoey i wahi me ka iole i ka makahiki 1983, ka wā o ka laua komo ma Apple. Enterprising Stiv Dzhobs ua oaeuiinoe i ka lilo o ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mea, i ua e pili ana i $ 300. Ka mea, uaʻoi aku pipiʻi no ka awelika consumer, no laila, ka mea i hooholoia e Nohie i ka manao o ka iole, a puku i ka kekahi ekolu pihi. Ke kumu kuai i hāʻule i $ 15. A eia nae o ka manaʻoi hoʻoholo 'ia no ia mea, noonoo controversial, Apple mea i wikiwiki i ka hoʻololi' ana i kona iconic manao.

Ka mua kamepiula iole ua he mau huinahń loa pahaʻahā like kinona, anatomical ua hoʻokōʻia i manao aiʻikeʻia wale i ka 1991. Ua hoʻolauna i ka poe Logitech. Ma waho aʻeo i ka hana hoihoi shape His ka mea, ua pūnaewele: Kamaʻilio me ka kamepiula ua hoʻolako 'ia e ke kumu o ka Radio ale.

Ka mua 'ōnohi iole ʻikeʻia i loko o 1982. He mea pono ke hana i ka kūikawā moena me paiia maka aha. A 'Aʻole nō naʻe i ka poepoe ma ka trackball e koke hoʻohaumia a me ka mea hana a he leo no ka mea i ka mea, i ia e mau ua holoiʻia, pono ole ka'ōnohi iole i nā pāʻoihana a 1998.

He aha e hiki mai ana?

E like me oe i ike ai mamua, "waʻa," me ka trackball ua aneane,ʻaʻole i hoʻohana. Enehana, helehelena a me ergonomics o ka kamepiulaʻiole ua mau ka hou. A hiki i keia la, i ka wa hou, a poe hanohano loaʻa nā manaʻo me touchscreens, kā lākou kuai mai e haule iho.