Kaua Tokhtamysh i Moscow i ka 1382 a me kona hopena

He hana wale nō i elua makahiki mahope mai o ka nani lanakila o Prince Dmitry Donskoy i mau poe a pau o Mamaia, a hou hoohaalulu iho la ia i ka aina Lūkini mai o ka hahiʻana o nā māiʻuʻu o ke Tatar lio. Tokhtamysh weliweli kaua o Moscow i ka 1382 a me kona hopena ua lilo i kumuhana o ke ao ma na hanauna he nui o ka moʻolelo, mai kekahi mau pana pua imi i ka mālamalama i ke kumu o kaʻi nō. Akā, i kekahi mea e ae - ua nele i kēia manawa, nā aliʻi o ka pa alima, e hoike aku ka lōkāhi, a ua lilo ia i ke ki i kā lākou lanakila ma Kulikovo kahua.

Ke koho ana o ka hou iā Goga Khan

I ka pau ana o ka XIV kenekulia i waena o nā luna o ke Gula iā Goga lilo paio pakahi aku la ia huʻi no ka mana. He hele mai i ka mua Tokhtamysh Khan, nana ole ia mai wale ma mua o ka ai-i kapaia o White iā Goga, a me ka mea i kapa ia lakou iho Tatars, AK-Orda. lawe pio ai me ke kākoʻo o kona Ally o Tamerlane i ka 1379ʻo ia i ka papa kuhikuhiE kapikala o ka Tatar State - Saray AL-Jadid - a koke ia i ka luna o na aina a pau, aia ma ka lalo ino i o ka Don.

Koho Tokhtamysh pili kēia ka pilina me hoʻolako 'ole' ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE enemi kona, i ka malu ma luna o ka iā Goga Mamaia, aiʻulupā i ka 1380 Dmitriem Donskim. Ignominiously hee ana ma hope o ka palaoa pio, a laila holo akula i ka Crimea, kahi ia i ho'āʻo e ohi i ka i koe iho o kona kupaʻa koa no ka hou hele ana ma Moscow. Akā, i kēia i ole ia e. Tokhtamysh i ku ei ia i kona poe koa, no ke kuleana kaua ma luna o ka muliwai Kalka.

Mamai Ua makaukau eʻae i ke kaua, akā, ma ka hope loa, ua kumakaiaʻia kona mau He kokekau wale, a kiola ia peremetnuvshimisya i ka enemi. i He e holo hou. I keia manawa makuahine kiki ma Cafu - ka pā kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Crimea, akā, ma laila ia i kali no ka manawa hou betrayal. Mua allies a me nā haku kulanakauhale Genoese hoʻopunipuni pepehi ia ia, a me ka hao. Pela ignominiously i pau ai kona ala koke formidable luna o ke Gula iā Goga.

Koko kaua Tokhtamysh i Moscow

I ka kekahi i ka hana mea kaua Tatar lio ma luna o ka'āina Lūkini, mau lawe la lakou me ia i ke koko a me ka conflagrations, akā, Khan Tohtamysh mau incursions i Ua maopopo kŘpuna. An hana nō nā hanana i i wahi i loko o August 1382. hoomaka ae la lakou i ka mea i ka hou luna o ke Gula iā Goga i hoouna aku ai i ke alii o Moscowʻelele. Ma ia, hoomaikai aku la ia Dmitry Donskoy no ka lanakila lanakila ia ma luna o Mom, i mai la ia - "hoʻowahāwahāʻia usurper o ka mana", a ua hai aku ia ia i manawa i loko o ka Golden iā Goga wā i aliʻi ai ia - like me ka maʻamau haku o ka genus Chingizids.

Akā, ka mea, ua wale no ka hoike, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea ua ka Khan ninau hou uku o ka hookupu ia. hoʻolohe ana i nāʻelele, a, i nā manawa ma hope, ka mea, generously i ka manawaleʻa iā Prince Dmitry hai mai iaʻu, e haawi aku Khan kona mau nō ka maikaʻi, akā, ma ka uku a me ka hoʻokupu hoole. Hahai koke kaua Tokhtamysh i Moscow i ka hopena o kona palapala noi.

Historical palapala hōʻike i mai ka Tatar ali i ka 1381 i i kekahi hou ho'āʻo i ka kalaiaina puʻe ma Prince Dmitry. No keia hopena, hoouna aku la oia i Moscow e hiki mai ka nuʻukia a poai puni ia e ka'ōpio alii AK-Hozem, pu ma ka poe ikaika o nā koa. Akā, no ka ike ole ia kumu, ka mea, ua i hiki aku i loko o ke poʻo, a pela i ke kaua o Khan Tokhtamysh i Moscow ua he foregone ka hopena.

Hiking, a hemo aku ma ka lewa o ka mahuka

E hoʻomaka ana i ke kai eʻe i ka 1382, ka Tatar alakaʻi i hōʻike ai kekahiʻaha hui Hawaiʻi. Mua o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia i ana i ka malama i huna, mai kaʻenemi i ka neʻeʻana o kona poʻe kaua. I mea e pale aku i ka iki liu, Khan kena ae a pau o ka Moscow kalepa, e noho ana ma lalo o kona mana i loko o Kazan, pepehi a hūnā i ka halepaahao, a me kā lākou mau moku i hoʻohana, e lawe aku kaua i ke kapa akau o ka Volga.

Extant kākau mooolelo o ka manawa ka mea, uaʻike ia i kona mau poe a pau neʻe e hoʻokēʻai ai, akā, me ka i kā mākou mālama nui - ". Me ka haawi'ōlelo ma mua o noʻu iho" Manawa a hiki i kēia kaua Tokhtamysh i Moscow ua i kona poʻe e noho ana ma ka mea hou, a nele ia i ka manawa kūpono, e hoomakaukau pono no ka noʻonoʻo. I nā manawa, i ka mea hou hoouka i nui hoʻokumu i ka pomaikai nui ma na hihia a pau.

Betrayal o ka Ryazan alii

Ua pâʻani 'o ia i loko o ka lima o Khan, a no laila, kaumaha loa no ka mea Lūkini ololi o ka welelau o nā aliʻi i kipi i ka pono o kona mau maluhia a me ka pomaikai. Keia i hoikeia mai iloko o ka holoʻokoʻa wā o ka Tatar-Mongolʻauamo, a me kekahi o na ano he kumu hoʻohālike o keia he mea haohao defection i ka Tokhtamysh Prince Olega Ryazanskogo. He hoike ole wale hoohaahaa mua o ka poʻe komohewa, akā, i makemake hoikeia pono ahua ma ka Oka muliwai. A laila,ʻo ia, uaʻinoʻeha no ka mea, o ka mea ma ka lima o ka Tartars lakou iho.

Ua ua ike ia kalaiaina ano Tokhtamysh kaua o Moscow ho'āʻo e pale aku Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich o Nizhny Novgorod. No keia hopena, hoouna aku la oia i ka mea naʻe i ka Khan o kā lākou mau keiki kāne, akā, ua holopono, e hooko i kauoha wale, no ka mea, i ole kauoha aku e hopu mai me ka Tatar lio, ua hoomakaukau oia me hana māmā.

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe mea i imi i ka poʻe komohewa, akā, me ka lono o ko lākou hoʻokokoke nae i hiki aku ai i ka Luna Duke. Dmitry Donskoy, e hoomanao i ka unanimity me a me nā luna o ka mokuna i mau makahiki aku nei, e kaua aku i nā poʻe a pau o Mamaia, waiho i loko o keia manawa o ka manaolana no ko lakou kokua, akā, miscalculated. A hiki i ke kaua o Moscow Tokhtamysh lilo'ē aʻe, Prince i ole e kākoʻo mai o lakou, a ua pio e hele i ke kahua o ka poʻe hao wale i loko o ke ahi, a me kona mau hea ka ÷ ino, Vladimir Andreevich Serpuhovskoy - ma Portage Lamsky.

Ma ka hoʻokokoke mai i Moscow

E ho ohana i āhua haawiia ia ia Prince Oleg o Ryazan, Tokhtamysh kela aoao i ka Oka, a looting ma ke ala Serpukhov, hoouna mai la ia i kona lio a hiki i Moscow. Ka holoʻokoʻa kahi e kū nei i ka poʻe komohewa i paʻa, o ke ana wela ka honua, a laila nō na makahiki blackened lehu o nā kauhale e pili pū, akā, ua keʻokeʻo iwi i loko o ka mauu koe unburied nā kupa.

I ka wa e kaawale aku o ka Luna Nui Duke i loko o ke poʻo, ua panic, a hoʻonāukiuki akula i ke kaua Tokhtamysh Moscow. Eia hou kekahi, malaila no kekahi pōkole manawa ho'ākoakoaʻia a me nā mea a pau o lākou nui helu o nā kupa o ka puni kauhale, me ka manao e pakele mai ka enemi o ka Kremlin paia. E like me ka hopena, haunaele wawahi mai a me ka looting, e exacerbate i ka ua Makamae kulana.

pale hui

Kekahi mea hiki e ka malihini a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Lituania ka luna Osteyu, e paʻa ma ka hana Lūkini. I ka wa e ohi hoolaʻi keʻena, hoʻoholo iho, i kekahi mai o Moscow, a me ka mana a pau, e kauoha i ka makaukau ana o ka pale. Ke alii ia ia iho e like me ke kanaka koa, kuhikuhi i ka hana pili i ka mea hoʻonoho ma luna o nā paia o nā hale aiiay, ka preform kēpau, hohono a me na pohaku, a hana e iaʻi ma ka hihia o ke kaʻa, e hoouka aku i ka besiegers poo. He kauoha a pau i nā wahi e pili ana i ke ahi ilalo a puni ke kulanakauhale. Kēia ana hoʻoneleʻia mai au i ka enemi o ka mea no ka ikiiki, a me ka malumalu.

Ke ano o kaʻenemi ma lalo o ka pa o ke kulanakauhale

Inevitable like pohaku looming kaua Tokhtamysh Moscow. Ka lā August 23, 1382 lilo iʻeleʻele i ka lā i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia. Kēia kakahiaka, hele aku la i ka Kremlin paia vanguard o ka Tatars. Iā Goga i i lawe i kekahiʻeleuʻanuʻu, a aʻo i Prince Dmitry Donskoy i kūlanakauhale, hookuke aku no kekahi loihi ma anticipation o ka papa koa. Akā, kā lākou mau loaʻano ua i ke kumu o kekahi mau manaʻoʻike fracture i waena o Muscovites.

E like me mea e hoikeike ma kona wā, e höʻike aku hoʻopilikia, ua io kupa i ka ho'āʻo iaoia - mau ka ona. No ka wehe i kēia'ōpao waiwai hale olokaa kegs me ka meli a me ka Braga, a laila, ua inu hoʻi, mai ka poe liilii, a hiki i nui. Ma ke Pela no hoi i inu pii i ka paia o ka Kremlin, a mai laila aku hooweliweli Tatars, poʻe e lū ia i loko o kēia,ʻAʻole eʻole hainā.

Ho'āʻo i ka kīmopō, haihaiia-aku Muscovites

Kaua Tokhtamysh i Moscow hiki ke ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo, outlining Aey? Acaeoey no ka eha lā - mai ka 23 a hiki i 26 August. Inā i ka lā mua o ka townspeople i ike ai i ka Tatar vanguard, laila, i ke kakahiaka nui, a hiki i na paia o ke kapikala mua ma luna o ka papa koa o ka enemi, alakaʻiʻia Khan. Iā Goga a hemo i ka hanaʻino mai akā, ua hooauheeia e na defenders o ke kulanakauhale, a hoʻi akula me ka kaumaha poho. ʻaʻole au i lawe mai ia lakou ka pomaikai, a me ka hanaʻino mai ma August 25. Ma lalo o ka huahekili o nā pua, ka wai, mai ka paia o ka ua a hoolapalapa i ka wai a me ke ahi kēpau, i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka uninvited hoa e neʻe hou.

Hana malu a me ka betrayal o Hawaii ka hoa

Ua makemake ua haʻalele ia i kekahi mea, ināʻaʻole no lākou hawaiian maalea a me ka hoʻopunipuni betrayal o nā aliʻi uʻi o Suzdal. Kona hoʻomaopopo i Muscovites poe ikaika no lakou ua e lanakila, Tokhtamysh hoouna mai i na pa o ke kulanakauhale'aheʻelele mai ka hanohano iā Goga a me kana mau keiki elua Suzdal alii - Vasily a me Semyon, na ia poe e noho ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻouna ai i kona makua kāne ma luna o ke kalaiaina nuʻukia ke kai eʻe, akā, ano pihoihoi, a laila, hui i ka entourage Khan. Lakou nanea i ka kūikawā hilinai o ka Muscovites, e like me oe i pōkiʻi Prince Dmitry Donskoy wahine - Evdokia.

Ma kēia hilinaʻi a me ka hoʻokani Tokhtamysh. Ma ka aoao o na hoahanau hoomauia na makaainana i ka iā Goga i ole animosity ia lakou, a hele mai la lakou i ka hana me ka wale kekahi Prince Dmitry. No ia mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, e makaukau e haʻalele ka mea, ina i ka noho, wehe i ka puka, e hele ma Khan me ka hanohano a me ka waiwai hookupu. Han i ole i ka hewa i ka kekahi, a ike aku la ia i ke kulanakauhale, i lohe i ka puu, e alakai aku la i kona poe koa. Kana mau olelo i hookupaa iho la ia ma ka hoohiki ana.

Ke kaua o ka iā Goga a hiki i Moscow

Inā ua lohe poe kanaka ia, mai ka waha mai o nā malihini, ka mea paha ina ua kanalua. Akā, ma ia manawa me ia mākou olelo compatriots, he okoa ka hanauna o ka Luna Duke, a me ka mea i manaoio aku i ka hype. Ua weheia Kremlin puka, a ikeiaʻe la e ia i ka huakaʻi o kanaka i loko o ke poʻo, i alakaʻiʻia e Prince Ost a me clergy. Ma ka manawa ka mea, ua pau hacked pounce ma luna o nā mea a pauʻaoʻao ma ka Tatars.

Ka uhaʻiʻana i loko o ka unprotected ma luna o ke kūlanakauhale, hoomaka ae la ka iā Goga e loot, a kuni i ka mea a pau e hiki mai ana i kona ala. Ua defies hōʻike i ka po i ka mea, i loko o ka Kremlin paia. Moʻolelo i loaʻa ia i ka lā i nā mōhai o keia koko ahaaina, hoomaka ae la 24 000 kanaka. No ka mea, i loko o kēia mau makahiki i ka heluna o Moscow He 40 000 kanaka, e huli mai ia ma luna o August 26, pepehi oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka noho ana o ke kulanakauhale alii. Eia hou kekahi,? Iecaianoaaiiie o Khan i he nui helu o ka poe pio deported i ka hoʻoluhi.

Kaua Tokhtamysh i Moscow i ka 1382 a me kona hopena, he i laʻana o ka hopena o ka fragmentation o ka moku'āina, o ka nele o ke kuʻikahi, i kipaku pilikia, hoʻonawaiwali i na kipi. I ia mau lā, ka wā Muscovites kaua ma luna o ka Kremlin paia, a make iho la, i ka luahi o ke kipi compatriots, ka Luna Duke, a Evdokia kana wahine ke aupuni 'o Kostroma. Ka mea, ho'āʻo i make hewa, e hoohuli i nā aliʻi, hou, e like me nā makahiki aku nei, e hui koa a me ka pale kaua Tokhtamysh Moscow.

Ka makahiki o ke kaumaha nui Lūkini

I kekahi lā, e noho ana me ke koko o ka poe hala ole i luahi, a otyagchonnye waiwai waiwai pio, i ka Tatars haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale palena. Akā, ma mua hoʻiʻana i ka iā Goga, ua māheleʻia ka mea, i loko o kekahi mau aupuni kūʻokoʻa he pūʻulu, a, i ka mea ia manawa hoʻopio aku i, i hōkaiʻia Vladimir, Zvenigorod, Mozhaisk a me St. George. He mea känalua 'i ka 1382 komo i ka mōʻaukala o Rusia i kekahi o ka saddest Episode i loko o kona mōʻaukala. Na umi o na tausani o ka poe make, a me ka hookauwa - ia o kona hopena.

Tatars wale e loaa ae nei i ka paio nui hoʻi, imi e hoouka aku i ka Portage Lamsky. Eia kā lākou lio i pani Serpukhov luna koke kauoha aku e ohi i ka militia. XIX. Ua ikaika Tatar alai ae la ma Khan ma ke ala hoʻi, hoʻowahāwahā i ka olelo hoopomaikai laulau moni a pau honua kumakaia Oleg Ryazansky,ʻauheʻe pakele mai ke kahua kaua.

Pela i pau ai ke kaua Tokhtamysh Moscow. Kona hualoaʻa, ua nui loa ke kaumaha. Incurring nunui aneiai poho a me kanaka ola, ma ka haawi ana, Rusia no i koe i loko o ka pili aupuni kaukaʻi ma ke Gula iā Goga Khan. E pale hou ka hookahe koko ana, Dmitry ka luna i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hoʻomau 'ana i ka uku a me ka hoʻokupu, a uku Tokhtamysh mau makahiki ma hope o ka lanakila ma Kulikovo kahua. He a me ka hope luna alii iho la oia i ko lakou mau aina wale ma luna o ka muli o lepili hua mai i loko o ke Gula iā Goga. Ma mua o ka hoʻokahuliʻia o ka Mongol-Tatar auamo ua nō he kenekulia.