Kawaihae no Socrates - keʻano o ka thinker manao

Ke keiki a ka bricklayer, a me ka Athenian palekeiki, ka mea i hanau, apparently, i ka makahiki 469 ma mua o ka hanau ana o Kristo, i kapa nā hualoaʻa a. Kawaihae no Socrates - ka "makua" no idealist kālaiʻike - loaʻa iā mākou ma mau kumu. Mua o nā mea a pau, e hana kona follower o Plato, ka mea i kākau "e hoʻololi aʻe" o kona kumu, a me ka hana ana o Xenophon. ka meʻe o keia 'atikala i ole palapala i kekahi hana, a ua hoomaona mai la oia i kamaʻilio me nā listeners. He manaoio aku ia ia ma keia ala e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ia i ke akamai o ka manaʻo. Eia hou, ke Kawaihae o Socrates (a, e aho, kekahiʻikepili ma luna o ka mea) hiki ke hapa 'ia loaa mai ka Comedy o Aristophanes' ao '. Naʻe, i loko o kēia hana ka mea, ua heluhelu makemake kekahi caricature o ka thinker kaulana, nona Greek mea kākau i hookahuli ai me kona mau hoa - elele o ke kula o ka Sophists.

Ke kaulana Athenian poe akeakamai, ka mea i kapaia o "gadfly" o ka Atenai, noho iho la ma ka manawa o ka Peloponnesian Kaua. Ma ka piko o kona wā-ka Sophists, oia i kapa aku ia ia iho i ke kumu. He invented i ka hua'ōlelo "Philo-sophia." Oia hoi, Socrates noʻonoʻo iho i ka launa kino mamua o ke akamai, i ka i ana ia i i ike i kekahi mea no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, a me ka mea, uaʻike wale ponoia mai la. He nema aku i nā loina o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, i ke kanaka o ka Helene polis, nui hewa ua, hoala i ka ire o hookiekieia kanaka a me ka hoopiiia o ka olelo hoino, a ua ho'ōla'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. Eia nō kekahi mau olelo o kona manawa pōkole Kawaihae. Socrates, ma muli naʻe o ia scant 'ike e pili ana ia ia, i hanau i ke kula o philosophical manao, a ma Soviet heluna o nā puke i kapaia "Pahuhopu idealism."

Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o ka "gadfly" Athenian o ka Sophists ua e haha mai ia ua nui,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka pilikino ololi ma ka cognition ( "ke kanaka o ke ana o nā mea a pau"), akā, i ka Pahuhopu. Ka hope, ua manaoio ke Anuenue. Ua i aku la ia, "Nous" - o ka waiwai o ke Akua kumu o ke kanaka lolo, a me ia mea i ka Lunakanawai o na mea a pau pilikino. Manawa ke Anuenue oiaio i loaʻa iā mākou. I ole ia, kēlā e noho i loko o kona mau a me kona manao, a me ka ole, he pono ole manao hiki ole e. Guarantor o ka kokekau i ka oiaio o Daymonion (pā leo, ka lunaʻikehala,). kālaiʻike o kaʻike hoʻokumu i kona mau ola. Kawaihae Socrates hōʻike mai ia ia ka mea nui e pili ana i kona mau manao. Akeakamai, mai kona wahi mai o Hawaii - keia mea i ke akamai o ka noho pono. No laila, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka noonoo ana e ole e he ontology (mea i hiki mai ai, a ma), a me nā mea pono.

Naʻe, ke Kawaihae o Socrates olelo mai ai i ka mea i ka mea o ka ike, no hoi, ua i aku la ia ia kekahi o na nā makakoho. E pono e imi i ke o Mānoa, wehe i ka huina o ka huapalapala. Akā, i kēia hoʻokomo mea maikai wale no nā mea pono, no ka mea, pela wale iho ke aʻo a me ka ulu kā lākou mau hana pono - pakiko-mea keʻakeʻa, ka hoopai, ka ikaika ... ke wale alahele e loaʻa ai i ka pono pahuhopu o ke kanaka - na loa maikai. He nui biographers Socrates manaoio aku ia ia i ka "pono rationalist". Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka poe akeakamai manaoio ia ina e ike e pili ana i ka hana pono, ka mea e hiki a me ka hana pono. E hana i kēia, eia kekahi papa hana i Socrates "mākaʻi ma" mai kona makuahine - maieutics. He He hoailona dialectic, ma a oe e pahu i ka interlocutor i ka mea i loaʻaʻo ia i ka akau olelo.

Mawaena o ka nui haumana o Socrates, Alcibiades ua he politician. Lono i mea i ka mea, ua i loko o ke aloha a me ke kino poe akeakamai, akā, hōʻole lākou i ka la mahope o kona manaʻo. He manaoio aku i kekahi physical pilina ole i na hana pono me modesty. Socrates hoola i ka politician a me koa luna iloko o ke kaua a me ka Spartans, ua kahikoia me ka laau wale - kekahi o na koa i makemake ole e pepehi unarmed poe akeakamai.

Akā, aloha me Alcibiades ino loli i ka hopena o ka thinker. Ke pili aupuni kulana home 'ole i loko o Atenai i loli, kūkulu' ia, hina iho la i loko o Punahele ole, a me Socrates i hoopiiia e oia ke hoomaikai ole i nā akua, a hoino iho ia i ka wā kamaliʻi. Poe akeakamai mālama loa hoʻokiʻekiʻeʻana i ka hookolokolo ana a me ka olelo i ka hewaʻiʻo ole hoopai, akā, kiekie hanohano. Naʻe,ʻo ia ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. E like me ka noa ke kanaka,ʻo ia hoʻi i inu i ka mea awaawa make (ma ke ala, i ka laau make, e like me ke kaʻao, a me,ʻae nō hoʻi, i ka infusion o ka laau make) , a hoomaikai aku la ia Asclepius (akua o ka hoola) no ke ola. No laila, thinkerʻia maila kona mau makemake, e kiʻi i loko o ka honua ma mua o ka mea hoʻokahi i loko o ka mea ana i noho mua maikaʻi. Ua hiki i ka 399 BC. Poe akeakamai Socrates, kona Kawaihae i ka hua olelo i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o keia' atikala, i maikaʻi loa a me ka instructive ole wale i kona ola, akā, i ka make.