Ke kaʻina manaʻo a me nā kapuwaʻi o ka institutionalization. Institutionalization ma Rusia. Institutionalization - ia ...

Public ola - he nunui-faceted manaʻo. Naʻe, i ka holomua o ka Lūkini hui, e like me kakou e ike nei, mai ka mōʻaukala, hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea e like ai mālama 'ia i loko o ka mea i ho'ākāka' ia ana 'imi naʻauao kaʻina. He aha ka institutionalization? Kēia hui? Ac? Kivila malu ana hōʻike e hooholo ia ana o ka lawelawe keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mea kani Society nei iluna ulu 'imi naʻauao hoʻonaʻauao - kulanui me ka paʻa hana kiʻikuhi regular' ole, 'oihana wehewehena. Kekahi poepoe o ka lehulehu ola - kālai'āina, waiwai, loio, informational, moʻomeheu - e e ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i loko o ka holomua o ke kaiāulu, a me ka hōʻoi 'ana i ke kaʻina hana.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka institutionalization ua, no ka mea hoike, o ka hale kanawai kukuluia ma ke kumu o nā kānaka i ua ahakanaka la; School, crystallized, mai ka hana ana o ka poʻokela artist, artist, hula, poe akeakamai; hoomana ana i nā lā kona kêia kanaka, mai ka hai olelo ana o ka poe kaula. Pela, ke institutionalization - mea, o ka papa, i kona Kora naʻEsau, - hoonoho papa.

Paa ana ia me he hope o na kanaka hana hoʻokahi - generalized hooponopono. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka manao kumu o kēia kaʻina, hoʻomohala ma sociologists, pōʻai kūmau, rula, statuses a me ka pelekikena a - ua hana institutionalize i kekahiʻano papa hana e manao paa ua e nohona e pono ai.

Lūkini institutionalization

It E e ike i ka io ike loea aneiai kahua hoʻolako institutionalization ma Rusia ma ka hou kenekulia. Eia nae, i? Iecaianoaaiiuo ulu. E stabilize i ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana "hana" Kumukanawai, he functioning kaawale ana o ka Ahaolelo, Hooko, na Ahahookolokolo, ku okoa ana o ka? Ueony i ke kumu no ka ulu ana.

Hawaiʻi nei, ke institutionalization o ka Lūkini aupuni i na kēia mau kapuwai.

• Ka mua (1991-1998 GG.) - ka hoʻololi mai ke Soviet? Eia.
• Ka lua (1998-2004 GG.) - loli ma ka hoʻohālike o ke kaiāulu, mai oligarchic a hiki i ka moku'āina-capitalist.
• Ke kolu (2005-2007 GG.) - ho okumu ana o ka hoʻokō kulanui o ke kaiāulu.
• Ka ha (mai ka 2008) - ke kahua, wehewehe aku ma ka hoʻokō komo ana o ke kumupaʻa kanaka.

Ma Rusia he mea he elitist kumu hoʻohālike o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu, ke kaupalenaʻana i ka helu o ka poʻe 'Imi komo i loko o ka pili aupuni kaʻina, a hoʻopili like i Lūkini mentality, i ka oleloia dominance o ka moku'āina pomaikai ma ka pono o ke kanaka. Ke kumu nui kivila ke kaiāulu kanaka, kākoʻo pilikino E pili waiwai.

It E e ike i ka ke kaupalenaʻana ololi no ka hooulu ana mea he kahiko, hoʻonaʻauaoʻia i loko o ka "ulupaia" 90 makahiki o ka loio i nihilism o ka heluna kanaka. Akā, i loko o ke kaiāulu hoʻolauna iā 'hou nā loina o ke aupuni a ka lehulehu. Ke institutionalization o ka mana i loko o Rusia alakai aku ai i ka mea e e māheleʻia nā kulanui pili aupuni ole wale ma luna o ka mana, akā, no hoi ma ke komo 'ana o nā kulanui. Currently, i ke kūlana o ka hope. Ka mea, ua kakau i ka hopena ma luna o kekahi, ao ke ano o ka holomua o ke kaiāulu.

Ka poepoe o ka ole o ka luna o ka holoʻokoʻa heluna o ka aina. Mawaena o ka papa kuhikuhiE pili aupuni hui pū i ka State ia iho, kivila lehulehu. Ke peculiarity o ka Lūkini institutionalization o kona kapaia me na pono o ka aina i ka ulu ana. Ia mea,ʻaʻole e mau ana ka hoʻokō 'aneʻi, ua makapo ia, e Import Western kulanui, no laila, institutionalization ma Rusia - he makakū kaʻina.

Institutionalization a me ka pilina hui

Social kulanui a me ka institutionalization mea nui me he ao mea hana hoʻohuiʻiaʻana o nā mea he nui kanaka e noho ana ma kekahi wahi o ka Hui no ka mea e pono ai e auaaeaiea o kumu waiwai a me ka manao ana o ka Lūkini lehulehu.

No ka laʻana, ka moku'āina kula e kakau mai i ka mana, e halawai me ka pono o ka mea i kā mākou helu o nā makaainana. Institute no Law regulates i ka pilina ma waena o kanaka, a me ka moku'āina, e like me ka pono i kanaka a me ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka a pau. Institute o ka manaoio kōkua kanaka e i ka manaoio, i ke ano o ke ola, o ka oiaio.

Mau hui i ka hookumu ana o ke kivila lehulehu. Ka mea, i ua loaʻa ma ka pono o ka hui, i mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o kaʻaha hoike ana no ka ike maopopo o ke ola.

Mai ka hoʻohana wahi o ka Hawaii o ka nohona kulanui hiki ke hoʻokū 'ia ka "a Mānoa'ōnaehana", ma muli ia o ka pelekikena a me kūlana o na lala likeʻole o ke kaiāulu. I ka Ia manawa, e hana i loko o ke aupuni pekelala noho, ka Lūkini institutes e loaa i kā mākou legitimacy make e hui pu iho i ka i kā mākou kau o ka mooolelo, aoao, pono a me ka pono hae. Hooponopono a me ka hooponopono ana o ka lehulehu pili lawe mai ma ke kulanui, ae hana i na loio a me ka pōʻai kūmau mea e kā ana i kēia mau mau mooolelo a me ka aoao.

No ka mea Lūkini mentality mea nui loa no i kā mākou ka hoʻokōʻana hoʻopuʻipuʻi hou i ka olelo hui ma ka hana ana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kula.

Ke kiʻiona hiʻona o nā kulanui e kōkua ma ka likeʻole ma o ka nohona ola o ka aina, e hooholo i ko lakou loaʻa nui, ua lehulehu paʻa ke ano o ka hana kūleʻa, e like rula hooponopono o ka oihana dute, a me ka mea o ko lākou hana ana, i ke alo i loko o ka moku'āina o hoʻomalu "ololi" aʻo i loko o ka pili.

He aha ka mea, i ka nohona kulanui hiki ke kapaia apau o loko o keia la o ka lehulehu? Ka papa ua ike: ohana, ola, ka hoʻonaʻauao, e ka lawelawe kaiāulu, hana, ekalesia, nuipa a Media. paha ka mea, Institutsionizirovany? Ua ua ike ia i loko o kēlā i kēiaʻaoʻao ma ka aupuni ma laila nō i ka pili oihana, i mea ka "maka" o ka lakou mau lālā, a uhi wahi. ʻO kēia māhele 'āina nenoaiu o ka hooko i ka mana, e hoonohonoho kūpono ka pāʻana o, ua noho mana ana ma na hula, like hoʻi me nāʻano o ka pili pilinaʻike manaʻo.

Kālai'āina aoao a me kā lākou institutionalization

Institutionalization o ka pili 'aoʻao i loko o ka papa ano o ka mea i lilo ai ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II. About kona 'ole hiki e mai la oia i ka mea komo ai i ka institutionalization o pili aupuni a me ka loio. Pili aupuni o kāna mau hoʻolālā a optimizes na hana o ka makaainana, e hookupaa ai ia i poe pili aupuni. Loio i hoʻokau i ka loio i ke kūlana a me ka hana. Nui nīnūnē 'ē aʻe he nui loa, e hōʻoia' kālā mäliko ma ka aoao hana a me na rula o kona AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka hana a me ka moku'āina.

Hoʻokonukonu hoʻouka kekahi generalized loio kūlana o nā 'aoʻao a pau (i loko o ka moku'āina, a me ka hoʻonohonohoʻia) a me kanaka nohona kūlana o kēlā me kēia (Hōʻike' o ka waiwai a me ka kūlana ma ke kaiāulu).

Nā hana a me nā kūlana o kēia aoao noho kānāwai. I Rusia, i ka pilikia o ka institutionalization o ka poe e leie aku i ka hana aupuni pekelala kānāwai "On poe pili aupuni". E like me ia i ka 'aoʻao ua hanaʻia i loko o nā aoao: kekahi me ka hoʻokumu Ahaolelo Lahui o ka neʻeʻana hou' (lehulehu hui).

Ka moku'āina regulates ka ha awina o na aoao elua, o na pono a me ke dute, oihana, komo i loko o ke koho ana, kālā hana, pilina me ke aupuni ma lalo nei, wahine, a ideological aayoaeuiinoe.

Restrictive koi i: Russian ano o ka aoao, me ka helu ana o na hoa, ole-ideological, ole-kahuna, ole-aupuni ano o ka hui (oi ma mua o 50 ths.).

E hoohalike ai ka 'aoʻao i loko o ka ahaolelo ua hoakaka ma ahahui o koho lunakanawai i loko o ia (hapa).

Ke kanawai i hoakaka i ka loio i kanaka o ka poe: hoʻomalu, kivila, ke Kumukanawai, a me ka loio.

Ke institutionalization o ke kue ana

E kipa aʻe kākou i ka mōʻaukala. Ke institutionalization o ke kaua me ka nohona kŰia loaa kona kêia kanaka i loko o nā lā kakahiaka o capitalist pili. 'Auʻa' mahiʻai o ka aina ma ka nui landowners, ka hou 'ana o kā lākou pōʻai kūlana ma ka proletarians, pāonioni paʻa ka pukaʻana bourgeois ka papa, a me ka mea makemake ole, e haʻalele i ke kulana o ka hanohano.

Ma hua'ōlelo o ka rula hooponopono o ke kaua institutionalization - i ka olelo hooholo o ka pāonioni paʻa mau: ka hanalima, a kālai'āina. Kue ana i nā haku a me na amara, ua hooponopono ma ka Institute o like ae like ana me nā uniona kālepa, e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka pono o ka hoolimalima hana. Ke kaua no ka hooponopono ana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua aeʻano papa hana suffrage.

Pela, ke institutionalization o ka kaua mea i ka maluhia i nā mea hana no ka lawelawe kona manaʻo ma a me ka mea kaupaona kahua.

Public manao a me kona institutionalization

Public manao o ka huina hoonui o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o kekahi mau nāʻoihana o ka heluna kanaka, poe pili aupuni, ka nohona kulanui, kaiapili latike a me Media,. Keʻano o ka lehulehu manao ua mahuahua me ka nui loa ke aloha i ka Internet, interactivity, waihonaʻike Mob.

Ke institutionalization o ka lehulehu manao ua hana i kekahi hui, këia lehulehu manao lākiō i o eiiiiiaiou, ka luaÿi i ka hope o ke koho. Mau i ka hoʻolālā ohi, hoʻopaʻa haʻawina nei, a hana hou lehulehu manao. It E e ike ia ia i ke ao ua pinepine biased a me ka nānā 'ana ma luna o biased Eia kekahi laʻana.

Eia naʻe, mea kūkulu ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokele waiwai distorts ka manaʻo o "institutionalization o ka lehulehu manao." Ma keia hihia,'ōlelo kūpaʻa a me ka makemake o ka hapa nui o nā poʻe mai i loaʻa hoʻi i loko o ka maoli kālai'āina o ka moku'āina. Maikaʻi loa, ma waena o ka makemake o na kanaka a me ka hoʻokō 'ia e ia ma ke ala a me ka mōakāka kamailio ma hale kanawai. i koi koho a nā maka'āinana e malama aku i ka lehulehu manao ma ka mea e pono ai loio i hana koke lawe.

Social hana a me ka institutionalization

I ka pau ana o XIX - kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia i Western Europa ke kaiāulu kanaka, ma muli o ka industrialization a me ke komo i loko o ka nohona? Iecaianoaaiiie o keʻano o nā pūʻulu ku ae la o Institute o Social hana. Ua uaʻano nui i lawelawe pomaikai a me nāʻohana kokua hana '. Kēia manawa ka nohona hana loaʻa kāna moʻolelo reasonably altruistic kōkua i ole ua hakuloli ia ka olelo o ke ola no ka poʻe.

Social hana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kumuhana o kona manaʻo o ka moku'āina, a me ka lehulehu i hui. Aupuni lapaʻau nāna nā ke Kuhina o Social Policy a me kona 'āina' oihana, i nā oihana, e lawelawe nei i ka socially keakea kanaka. Kōkua ua hāʻawi i ka lala kekahi o ke kaiāulu. He regular, piha-manawa pōʻai lawehana lawe mai, a ma muli o ka Bedroom. Lehulehu me ka naau mai nohona hana ua hanaʻia e nāʻaʻa, a pinepine ole. E like me 'oe ke manao wale, i ka institutionalization o ka lawelawe hana o ka hoʻokō loa ka wā kawili Lolina, a coexist moku'āina a me ka lehulehu kona helehelena.

Kuʻina o ka institutionalization o ka hoʻokele waiwai malu

Kaʻina poetapen institutionalization. A pau i ke kuʻina o kona hooholo ia - hae. Ka mole kumu o kēia kaʻina hana, a ma ka mea ia manawa ka mea, o ka pono e hoolako i ke kumu no ka manaʻo o ka i mea e pono e hoʻonohonoho i nā hana o ke kanaka. E hele mai paradoxical ala. E noonoo i ka institutionalization o na kuʻina i loko o ke kahua o ia ka hopena maikaʻi kula, e like me ka "malu hoʻokele waiwai".

• Ke kahua me I - helehelena pono ai. Disparate kālā hana (e like me ka mea hoʻolilo o ke kumukuai, cashing) o kanaka oicyenoaaiiie Luna (mai ka 90-ies. Kiʻi hope he kenekulia) kuai i ka laula, a kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana.
• II ke kahua - i ke kahua o ka papa pahu hopu, a hookauwa lākou manaʻo ideology. Ka manao paha, no ka laʻana, e ua kālaiʻia like penei: "ka hanaia'na o ka oicyenoaaiiie nenoaiu,"ʻike makaʻole "no ka State Na Makuahine. E pili ana i ke aniau i loko o ke kaiāulu i kahi poe ma ka mana o ka akau e permissiveness. "
• III ke kahua - i ka mea i hanaia o ka lawelawe kūmau a me nā lula. Mau puke maʻamau, ua initially i na rula kālai'āina i ka "closeness" o ka mana ( "Byzantine nenoaiie o ka mana") e kū kanaka. Naʻe, i ka "ole-ae hana i" ka nohona kānāwai e hoʻoikaika pāʻoihana nāʻoihana, e "hele ma lalo o ka hale o ke" illegitimate hale maoli ka hana ana i ka hoʻokonukonu papa, no ka mea haule kānāwai.
• Ke kahua IV - ke ano o ka hae hiʻona pili i na rula. No ka laʻana, i ka hana o ka " 'ohana ka palekana hana" ikaika kanaka i ka maluhia kaua, i ka hana o ka loio i uhi no ka hao, cashing no Waiwai ma lalo o ka fictitious aelike, e kukulu ana i "kickbacks" Bedroom kaʻoihana kālā nenoaiu.
• Ke kahua V - ka pili ana o na rula a me ka hana. I nā hana i kekahi aka hoʻololi '-oaio? A i ole hoolaha ma ka kūhelu ahakanaka. Ka mea hana me ka kekahi nā mea mālama mai mea hānai lōʻihi-makahiki. Ka pakeneka o ka huli ana i loko o ia mea ka palena haʻahaʻa, ka mea ana hoʻokūkū me ka kūhelu i ka hoʻolālā pio. Kekahi au: ke aka hana, i dala no 15-80%.
• Ke kahua VI - manaʻoe hoʻokumu o ka'ōnaehana o nā ho'āpono e hoomalu iho i ke karaima 'ole. Kulana lehulehu luna aupuni privatized kapikala no ka lawelawe 'oihana. Ka mea, i kēia mau poʻe kauwā, i ka "rula", hoʻopaʻi no ka "defamation", no ka "pono piʻi". Lāʻau hana lima pono kīvila kino a me ka auhau mana e iho i loko o kekahi "paukū" ikaika kanaka.
• Ke kahua me VII - aka vertical mana. Luna huli lākou mau levers o ka mana i loko o ke ola o kā lākou hana hana. Mana nā keʻena kahu a me ka Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi ka oihana ua maoli kaʻawale mai ka aiiay mana kanaka ka pono o. Lunakanawai, ka hoʻolako 'pilikino E pili ana i nā' āina 'Aupuni, a ia ua "hānai i" me ia.

Ke kaʻina hana o ka institutionalization, e like me kakou e ike nei, i paʻa i loko o hua'ōlelo o kona walaʻauʻana kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Nolaila, he mea nui i ka mea, e hoolilo i ka constructive a me nā pā kula nohona pono o ka lehulehu. Institute o ka hoʻokele waiwai malu, worsening i ka pono o ke ola o ke ano o kanaka, e e eliminated kula, i ke alii ana o ke kānāwai.

Sociology a me ka institutionalization

Sociology haʻawina ke kaiāulu kanaka, e like me ka luna 'huiʻoihana kahua e lawe i ka mooolelo kona pōʻai kulanui a me ka pili aloha ma waena o lākou, hoahanau a me ka noho' ana. Sociology hōʻike i ka malu ma ka olelo o kona kūloko ma maomeka a me nāʻano o ko lākou kūpono 'ana, i ka hana o ka nui pūʻulu o kanaka, a, ma ka hou, ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka ke kanaka a me ka lehulehu. Ua eaaaony a wehewehe i ka pā o ka lawelaweʻike manaʻo a me ka hana ana o kanaka, e like me ka pono i ohi a kālailai iniiaiie sociological ikepili.

Institutionalization o Sociology expresses ka pā i loko o kēia 'epekema, kaiapili hoonoho papa ana ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana me ka statuses a me nā manamana, ua AIM e hōʻoia' nuiʻoihana o ke kaiāulu. Nolaila, aia no he kŰia: sociology iho, e hina ia ma lalo o ka mana o ka Institute.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o Development Sociology

Kekahi mau okoa kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka ulu ana o ka sociology like me ka honua hou o ka 'epekema.

• Ka mua ke kahua pili i ka 30-mau o ka XIX ke kenekulia, ka mea, o ka mea o ka auaaeaiea a me ka ano o kēia 'epekema ma ka Palani akeakamai Auguste Comte.
• Ka lua - "pae'ōnaehana manawa" o ka 'epekema terminology, ka āpana o ka palapala hōʻoia no hoʻomalu, hui no' epekema launa like o ka hana ana 'ike.
• Ekolu - Positioning ia lakou iho e like me ka hapa o ka akeakamai o "sociologists".
• Hā - ka hoʻokumu o ke kula sociological, a me ka hoʻolālā o ka mua scientific puke pai "Sociological Yearbook". Ka nui loa kānaka apau i mākaukau e pili ana i ka Palani nä känaka 'epekema-sociologist Emile Durkheim ma ka Sorbonne University. Eia naʻe, 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai keia, i weheia ma o ka' Oihana o Sociology Columbia University (1892)
• I ka lima o ke kahua, heʻano o "hoʻomaopopo pono" o ka moku'āina, ua i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o sociological meaʻai poʻokela pepa ma ka moku'āina 'oihana? Aaeno?. Pela, ke kaiāulu kanaka, i hope ike sociology.

I ka 60 makahiki o 'Amelika sociology loaa nui capitalist waihona kālā. E like me ka hopena, ua hoonuiia ka helu o 'Amelika sociologists i 20,000, a me na inoa o ka lehulehu ākea o sociological periodicals - i 30. Science i lawe i ke kūpono i nā hana ma ke kaiāulu.

Ma Soviet sociology ka mea, i ola ma hope o ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana i ka makahiki 1968 - ma ka Moscow State University. Soda Oihana o sociological noiʻi. Ma 1974, hele mai i ka periodical mua, a ma ka makahiki 1980, i loko o ka 'oihana? Aaeno? O ka'āina i loko o ka sociologicalʻoihana kahuna.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka hooulu ana o ka sociology i loko o Rusia, e pono ke kuai i haiia ae wehe i ka 1989 ma Moscow State University Keʻena o Sociology. He "haawi mai la i ka hoʻomaka 'i loko o ke ola" 20 tausani sociologists.

Pela, ke institutionalization - o ke kaʻina hana i loko o Rusia, a i wahi, akā, me he kali hou aku; - ma ka pili ana i Farani, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia - no ka haneri makahiki.

ka hopena

I keia la i ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, ka mea hana i na kulanui, ka mea,ʻaʻohe mea, a ma ka naau o kanaka. Lākou hoʻonaʻauao, institutionalization, o ka hōʻeuʻeu a me ka dialectical kaʻina. Obsolete kulanui i UAIAaIN e hou kamalii, ua loaʻa ma ki nohona e pono ai: kamaʻilio,? Iecaianoaaiiie, hāʻawi, 'ai, ka maluhia, ka malama ana nohona inequalities, i ka paa ana o ka lawelawe ana.