Ke kokua Ukraine: hiʻona, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona a me nā 'ano

Ukraine ka hoʻonā 'ka loa e lauwili. Aia Ua kokoke a pau: i ka mauna, a me ka papu, ana, Kaneohe, koe o ka hāpāpā a hiki puʻu one ma waena! He aha nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ke kokua ana o Ukraine? Nā minelala hao a laha 'i loko o ka'ōpū o keia aupuni? E heluhelu e pili ana ia i loko o kēia 'atikala.

No Ukraine a me kona papa kuhikuhiE ke ola 'ano apau loa

Ka hapa nui o ke aupuni i loko o ka nui 'ole - ka East' Eulopa Plain. Wale nō ma ke komohana, a ma ka lōʻihi hema o Ukraine mimiki mauna o ka meakino kiʻekiʻe. Nohona ma, ma kahi o 95% o ka ?? eoi? - i ka pāpū, a me wale 5% noho ma ka mauna papa koa a me massifs.

Ano o ke kokua ana o Ukraine mea hiki ole me ka hai ana mai i kona kiekie a me ka haahaa wahi o ka honua i ka ili honua. Ke'ī mai, ma ka Ukrainian Carpathians, ma ka hoʻomalu palena o ka Transcarpathian a me Ivano-Frankivsk wahi, ka mea, o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ke aupuni - Goverla. Kona loa kiʻekiʻe o 2061 mika. Kela a me keia makahiki, na tausani o Ukrainians piʻiʻana aʻe i kona piko. Akā, a puni Kuyal'nitskogo muliwai (Odessa māhele) o ka haahaa wahi o Ukraine (hua 5 mika ma luna o kaʻilikai).

Ka Honua ka ili honua ma luna o ka mokuna o kēia Ukraine i hana miliona o ka makahiki, no ka nui 'ā ina hana hoopilikia wale. Kona ulu 'ole no hoi ia ma ka una neʻe, a me nā polokalamu a me ka nui ikaika glaciations. Aie i ka 'äina o Ukraine ka mea,ʻo ia ka nui o ka noiʻi a me keʻano aliʻi ka uku hoopanee. I ka iwakalua kenekulia ka mea, ua haʻalele kona mark a me ka hao wale mai kanaka hana.

Ano o ke kokua Ukraine astonishingly e lauwili. Aia nā mauna a me nā awāwa, kai a me iuka. Karst, hene, aeolian, wai ka'aʻaiawā, mauʻaʻei a me ka biogenic - a pau o kēia mauʻano o ke kokua hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi mau wahi o ka aina.

General ano o ka 'äina o Ukraine

Ma hua'ōlelo o orography o ka holoʻokoʻa ?? eoi? O Ukraine hiki ke maheleia i mau māhele: ke kapa akau, a ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka piha kiʻekiʻena o ma 200 mika, a me ka haʻalele kapa, me ka piha kiʻekiʻe o ka i mea kākaʻikahi oi ma mua o 200 mika ma luna o ka ilikai.

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ke kokua ma ka akau-kae hapa o Ukraine - o ka nui loa o ka ape puʻu, nui kaʻokoʻa o altitudes ma luna o ka'āina, nui hoi o ka makana o karst 'ano apau loa. Ma ke kapa hema predominate ua kūponoʻia wahi o ka honua luna, me ka pono ulu muliwai awāwa, a anuanu mea ulana pukapuka, a me na awawa,.

Kokoke i ka anai'ākau hapa o Ukraine noho ma ka Polesye awawa me ka awelika kiʻekiʻena o 100-250 mika. Wale nō ma ka akau o Zhytomyr ku nei Slovechansko-Ovruch pauku me ka i kā mākou kiekie o 316 mau mika. I waena o nahele a me Swamp o ke awawa pinepine mauʻaʻei a me ka aeolian landforms.

Ka hapa nui o ka Western Ukraine lawe Podolsk Upland, e like me ka helu o ka haʻahaʻa-mauna massifs (Voronyaki, Gologory a me na mea e ae). Eia ka mea, ua noho ai, a Khotyn Upland me ke kiekie loa o ka lalo hapa o ka aina - mauna'ōkuʻu (515 mau mika).

Ke kokua ana o ka hikina hapa o Ukraine meaʻano nui palahalaha. Kēia monotony iki dilutes ka Donetsk Ridge, Azov a me Upland, kui e hele mai i loko o ka'āina i loko o ka akau-hikina. Kokoke i ka anai hema o Ukraine (e like me ka'ākau hapa o ka Crimean Peninsula) e lawe nui Black Sea papu, awelika kiʻekiʻe loli aʻe ma waena o 80-120 mika.

Ke kokua o Ukraine ua hōʻike mai iā ia,ʻaʻole wale nō i nā pāpū, akā, i ka mauna papa koa. Ma ka mamao komohana o ka aina e ke aupuni 'Ukrainian Carpathians, oia no kekahi mau hana kuikahi laua kualono.

Pokole e pili ana i ka aina o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai

Ukraine mea i waena o ka honua i ka luna he umi'āina ma ka huina me ke koe o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o ke aupuni - o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee me ka maʻiʻo kŘpa a kiʻekiʻe o Ferrum. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokomo kālā i kiaʻana i kāna i loko o kryvbas. Na mea i eliia hoʻouku ua lawe mai, mai ka pau ana o ka XIX kenekulia.

Ma mau, ma Ukraine he mea ma luna o ka 20 tausani hoʻokomo kālā o ka oi ma mua o na haneri o okoa nā minelala hao. Iwaena o lakou, lanahu, lignite, luaʻi pele, ma kona ano maoli kinoea, potasiuma paakai, he hao a me ka manganese i eliia, phosphorites, granites, marl, Amber a me na mea e ae.

'Äina a me kumu waiwai o Ukraine e loa pili loa ua hoʻopili. Penei, e kia i ka papa kuhikuhiE lanahu me ke koe i loko o Donetsk huahelu, ka aila a me ka kinoea - Poltava papu. Ma na nā wānana waiwai o ka mea pōaka pale kaua ma ka Dnieper Upland hoopaaia nui hoʻokomo kālā o ka hao a me ka manganese i eliia. Nedra Podolsk Upland mākaukau waiwai i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ke kūkulu maka mea.

Podolsk Upland

Podolsk Upland - Mapa 'ole, a ma kahi o ninoaaeyao 15% o ka wahi o Ukraine. hoi hiki mai kona hema kui i ka ?? eoi? o kokoke Moldova. Ke kiekie loa o ka mauna - Mount Kamuli (471 mika). Ka awelika kiʻekiʻena mea 300-350 mau mika.

Podolsky elevation ninoieoʻano nui o ka limestone, sandstone, shale a me ka marl. Nolaila, eia ka mea, 'Imi i koʻu mau keʻano o ka hale pono hana. Ma ke kokua ana o ka puu maopopo ike kanaka huihui ikehu lā: Opole, Gologory, Voronyaki, Kremenets mauna, Tovtry a me na mea e ae.

I loko o ka Ukrainian Podillya loa, he pono ole Karst. Wale nō ma kaʻaoʻao hema o Ternopil māhele 'āina, aia nō ma kahi o 100 mau ana. Iwaena o lakou o ka loihi gypsum ana maʻEulopa - Optimistic. Ka huina pau loa o kona hahau ana ua oaeuiinoe ia e 250 kilomika.

Black Sea awāwa

Black Sea pāpū ninoaaeyao kokoke i ka pau hema o Ukraine, e holo ana mai Isemaela a hiki i Berdyansk. Ua mea i lalo, a iki hoʻi i hāliu mai i ke kai Plain me ka awelika kiʻekiʻena o 80-120 mika.

Mai ka akau i ka hema, e holo i ke awawa awāwa o ekolu nā muliwai - i ka Dnieper, Dniester a me Hawaiian pilikia. Ma ka watersheds o kēia mau muliwai nui, ua kū hoʻokahi ano o ka hoouka - ka ai-kapaia pods. He mea uuku ua hoʻokōʻia ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka honua i ka ili honua, i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o subsidence o na (particles) hohonu.

Ma na kapakai o kaʻEleʻele a me Azov kai i hanaʻia kekahi mau nui estuaries (Dnieper, Dniester, ka waiu, etc.), e like me ka pono me ka ai iiiaanoaa o ololi one e kuhakuha aku ana a me islets.

Ukrainian Carpathians

Ukrainian Carpathians - ka hapa o ka nui Carpathian mauna huahelu, i ua aia ma ka komohana hapa o ka aina, a uhi i ka mokuna o na mau mea eha. Ka mea, he poe no kekahi mau ia laua kualono aʻo i kaʻoihana i loko o ke ala e hiki aku, mai ka Koro a hiki i ka hikina hema. Ma waena o ia mea hohonu lonikū halihali.

Ka huina pau loa o Ukrainian Carpathians mea 280 ei, a me ka awelika laula - ma kahi o 110 ei. I huina, i ka mauna āpana uhi ka hola 24.000ʻahā like kilomika, i mea like me ka mokuna o Mykolayiv māhele.

I ka 'ā ina' ole o ka mauna'ōnaehana Kīwala'ō chalky hoʻokomo kālā a me Canyon limestones a me schists. Ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai i extracted kaʻaila, kinoea a me ka mea pōhaku mahuahua. Ua nui kumu o ka hoola ana i mea pōhaku wai.

MaunaʻEleʻele - ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa ke kualono o ka Ukrainian

Ma ka Ukrainian Carpathians, he meaʻeono i-kapaia dvuhtysyachnika - na mauna ma luna o ka hoailona o ka 2000 mika. Ua kuahiwi: Hoverla, Petros, Brebeneskul, Pip Ivan Chernogorsky, Gutin Tomatnik a me ka iwi aoao. Ka mea, i nā mea a pau aia i loko o ka mauna huahelu - ka Montenegrin.

Chornogora Ridge hiki ke kapaia ka culmination o nā mea a pau i ka Ukrainian Carpathians. He mea ka loa hanohano mākaʻikaʻi i waena o iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Ka lapa e hiki aneane 20 kilomika, a me ka watershed o nā mele hikina 'Eulopa muliwai - i ka Tisza a me Prut.

An kaua o MaunaʻEleʻele mea i asymmetrical. Kona hema haahaa hoʻomaka koke hina ilalo, a i uuku ai ole ai manamana ai. Akā, i ke kūkulu'ākau, ma ka mea ku ole, wehewehe aku ma ke degere kiʻekiʻe o ka ai manamana ai, a hoemi i loko o tiers. E ku e ia MaunaʻEleʻele ke ike mauʻaʻei landforms - uuku ieoaeunoai, kahi pohaku anuu a me moraine kualono.

Tovtry - He kū hoʻokahi maoli ho okumu

Olelo ana e pili ana i kokua ia Ukraine mau,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka Tovtry. 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa hoʻi i hoihoi geomorphological me ka ho okumu i loko o ke aupuni. Ma ke ao nei, he mea wale kekahi mau o kona mau na¯.

Genetically Tovtry - mea he nui akoakoa kai i hohola no kekahi mau haneri kilomika. He originates kokoke i ke kulanakauhale Pidkamin Lviv māhele 'āina, a me ka welau a kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Costesti, ka ua ma luna o ka mokuna o Moldova. Haneri o ka miliona o ka makahiki aku nei ma keia oa ?? eoi? Splashing mahana Sarmatian Sea, ke aloha ola i ka pua e noho uhauha waihoʻoluʻu. Grand Toltrovy holomuaʻana i ke ike i keia la - keia mea ole, e like me ka hopena o kēia mau hana liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Tovtry laula papa koa mai ka 4 a hiki i 12 ei, a kiʻekiʻena mai i 430 mau mika. Ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ka lapa, he 65 kiʻi, ma ka koʻu mau limestone, gypsum a me ka palolo.

Anthropogenic hoouka ma ka Ukraine

Ke kokua Ukraine i uaʻelemakule Hoʻololi 'ia e kanaka oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka iwakalua kenekulia. He mea oi loa aku hoi kekahi 'i mau mea e like me Donbass a Kryvbas kahi o ka pōʻalo o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee a me ka lanahu, mai ka honua aku ua' Imi mākaʻi.

Penei, a puni na kulanakauhale o Donetsk a me Luhansk māhele haneri o ka puʻu mai. Mau mea uuku, hoʻopuʻupuʻu-hoʻokino puʻu, he o ka wao pōhaku - he ano o ka ma-huahana o ka lānahu ahi puolo. Akā, aina Kryvorizhzhya e like me ka kānana, uhiia me mines, inā 'aʻole' a me ka nunui craters ma luna o ka wahi a me ka hohonu o ka hao ka mea e hoohehee quarry.

Eia hou, i ka wai o ka Dnieper, a me ka helu o nā nā muliwai o Ukraine i wahi e na nunui makua. E like me ka hopena, nui ?? eoi? Wale nalowale ma lalo o ka wai, a me ke kokua ana o ka puni mau i ua radically hoololiia.

Ke'ī mai, me kaʻeleu pāʻoihana kanaka ma luna o ka mokuna o Ukraine ma ka iwakālua kenekulia me ka nui loa iho me ke ano o kaʻili kai, e pili ana i ka hou 'ano o ke ola.