Koa-Historical Museum o mea kaua, nā kānakaʻenehana a me Neaiae mau pūʻali Pale Kaua Kuhina ma St. Petersburg

Ua hō'ili'ili ka hale kālai'āina o ka'oihana pale kaua ma nā makahiki 300 no ka hō'ili'ili'ana i nā mea kaua. Ua mālama'ia nā kālā i nā lā mai ka 15st century, a me nā mea hana hou e hiki ai ke hāpai i nā ho'olālā karihi. Ua piha ka hō'ike i ka'ike'ana o nā mo'olelo, a'o ka hapa'ole he'ano like'ole.

Ka mo'aukala o ka hana

Ua'ike'ia ka Museum History Museum of Artillery ma St. Petersburg, e like me ka hapanui o nā hi'ohi'ona o ka ho'omaka'ana i ka mo'olelo o ke kūlanakauhale, e like me ka makemake o Peter I.'O ka hō'ili'ili mua mai 1703 i kahi o Zeychhaus, ma ka puke Liteiny Prospekt i mālama'ia ai nā pūkuniahi kahiko. I loko o ka lumi i kēia manawa, ma ka pāpale ali'i'o Peter a Paul Paul, kahi i kūkulu'ia ai ka hale hō'ike'ike i ka makahiki 1869.

'O ka hana'ana i ka "kalaunu kalaunu" i ho'okumu'ia i ka makahiki 1705 me ka mana'o o ka pale'ana i ke ala o ka'ākau i ka Peter and Paul Fortress. Ua ho'opau'ia nā hana a pau i ka makahiki 1709. 'O ke kūkulu lō'ihi i ke ahi i hana'ia ma 1706. Ma ka pa o ke kūlana pale hale i kau aee - ai, mea kaua, pū kani ahi, i no hoi e iai? Oaiaaiiua shipyard, Barracks pā kaua pā kaua a me ka mea waho pūnaewele o ka Preobrazhensky Regiment.

I ka makahiki 1752, ua ho'okumu hou'ia, a i ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia 19, ua ho'oili'ia nā pūnaewele kaua a pau i kahi pa'a. Ua ho'omaka ka Territory kronverka e hana i nā'oihana o kahi moku'āina. I ka 1808, ua kūkulu'ia ka hale e kūkulu i kahi kula a me ka ho'okele. Ua wehe'ia ka hale ho'okipa o ka pū'ali koa-hale ma ka kronverka e ka Tsar Nicholas I, a ua ho'oholo ho'i'o ia i kahi ho'olālā. Ua ho'onohonoho'ia nā papahana hana i ka mea ho'olima P. I. Tamansky.

Kronverk me ka hale kū'ai

Ua ho'okumu'ia ke kahua o ka hale i ka makahiki 1851. Ua lawe'ia ke kūkulu'ana mai ka'ēheu'ākau, a lawelawe'ia ka hale ho'ohanohano e ka mea kākau architect K. K. Reyer. 'O ka hale'elua me ke'ano o kahi lio holo lio, ma luna o nā ki'i o ka papahele honua he mezzanine.

'O ka ho'ohālikelike o ka paepae'āina he mea nui ia o nā pa'ahana'Europa o ka Middle Middle. 'O ka lō'ihi o ka hale ma ka laina waena he 472 mau mika,'o ka lahilahi o nā paia o waho mai ka'ao'ao mua ma kahi o 1.8 mita, o ka'ao'ao i loko 1.3 mau mika.

Ua ho'okumu'ia ka lawelawe'ana i ka makahiki 1860, a ua ho'opio'ia ka hale e ke Ke'ena Artillery. I Ianuali o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, mai ka Old Arsenal mai, ma luna o Liteiny Prospekt, ua ho'omaka'o ia e lawe i nā pū i kahi kahua ho'olālā hou.

Ua pani'ia ka'ao'ao hema o ka pā i nā'īpuka a me ka paia ahi i ka makahiki 1861, a ua kā'ei'ia ka Kronverkskiy ma ka laina o ke kāpili i ka pōhaku momona a ua pa'a i ka pū. I ka makahiki 1868, ua ho'ololi'ia nā poho li'ili'i, ma ka'ākau'ākau, i loko o nā ke'ena hale ho'okipa, kahi i waiho'ia ai nā relics o ka hale ki'i mea hana ki'i.

Ka mo'aukala no ka hō'ili'ili'ana

'O Peter Peter I ho'okō wau i ka ho'opiha'ana i ka hō'ili'ili, a ua kau'ia kekahi kānāwai kūikawā, i ho'ouna'ia i nā voevoda a pau o ka moku Lūkini. Ho'āʻoʻia e hele mai ana mai nā mea a pau ma ka aina, mai Smolensk mokuna hōʻea ma ka noonoo ana o 37 pū (pū a me ka papa wiliʻai). Ua nānā pinepine'ia'o Tsar i nā mea i ho'ouna'ia, a ma hope iho ua ho'ouna'ia kahi'āpana no ka pale hou'ana i nā mea hou, a'o ka mea nui loa ka hō'ili'ili'ana o ka hale kū'ai.

'O kāna ha'awina i ka hana hale ho'olālā ua lawe'ia mai e nā mea a pau i hiki ke makemake a makemake. I ka makahiki 1722, kū'ai'o FB Borsukov a me F. Anikeev i kekahi o nā mea hana a ka luna Lūkia kaulana'o Andrei Chokhov -'o ke cannon "Tsar Achilles" - a hā'awi'ia i ka hale hō'ike'ike. Mai ka noho ali'i'ana o'Ivana'o ka weliweli,'o ka pū "Inrog" i lawe'ia i ke po'o e ka German German a hā'awi'ia aku i ka Ke'ena Artillery, mai kahi āna i hele ai i ke kahua kaua. Ua mālama'ia ka papa helu mua o ka hō'ili'ili'ana i ka makahiki 1725, a ma ka manawa like, ua ho'oholo'ia e ho'ololi i nā koina o nā mea kaua kahiko o St. Petersburg a me Moscow i ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o Art History.

Ua ho'omaka'ia ka piha o ka hale hō'ike'ike hale ho'okipa i kona wahi i kau'ia ma luna o ka lei ali'i'o Peter a me Paulo. No nā mea kaumaha, ho'oka'awale'ia kekahi hapa o ka pā. 'O ka mea i kapa mua'ia ma ka hō'ulu'ulu'ana'o "Hall of memorable objects", mai ka makahiki 1903 ua ho'ololi'ia ka inoa i ka Artillery Historical Museum. Ua lilo'o ia i kaulana ma hope o ka makahiki 1872, i ka manawa i komo kahi o ka hō'ike i loko o ka Hō'ike'ike'enehana Polytechnic, i ho'ola'a'ia no ka 200th anniversary of the birth of Peter I.

'O ka ho'omaka o ka hana'epekema

E hana i ka noi'i a me ka hana'epekema i ka hale ki'i'ike me ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka luna o ka mea kākau mo'olelo NE Brandenburg. 'O kāna mau hana i hana'ia kahi waihona, kahi hale waihona puke, a me ka papahana i ho'omaka'ia e pa'i'ia. Ua ho'onui'ia nā kumukū'ai me nā hana o ka mō'aukala mai nā mea kaua o ka mō'ī Lūkini -'o Kiev, Bryansk, Kazan, a pēlā aku. Ua hā'awi'ia kahi hapa nui o ka hō'ili'ili i nā monasona - Solovetsky, Tikhvinsky, Kirillo-Belozersky, a me nā pūnaewele o nā hui a me nā hui - ka Chamber Armory, Archaeological Commission, etc. E komo i nā'ano o nā mea kaua i kēia manawa.

Mai ka makahiki 1889, ua ho'omau ka hale ho'okipa i nā ho'okipa ma ka hanana o ka 500th anniversary o ka ulu'ana o ka mea'oihana Russian, a ua ho'onāukiuki i ka pono o ka lāhui a me ka pū'ali i ka hō'ili'ili, ka waihona puke a me nā'oihana. Ua wehe'ia nā hale ho'okipa hale ho'okipa i nā malihini i nā lā'ekolu i ka hebedoma, ua wehe'ia nā waihona a me ka hale waihona puke i nā pū'ali koa, nā mea kākau mo'olelo, a me nā mea noi'i.

'O ka ho'okahuli a me ke kaua

I ka wā i pau ai ke kipi, ua ho'opuka'ia ka Hale Hō'ike'ike Hīmeni o Artillery ma St. Petersburg no ka ho'opakele'ana i nā kālā i Yaroslavl. Ma'ekolu mau moku i ka'āina, he 75% o nā kālā a pau, a ua loa'a i kahi 200,000 mau palapala waihona a me 70,000 mau mea kūikawā. Akā,'a'ole i hiki ke ho'ōla i nā koina a pau.

'O ka moku o ka Spassky Monastery, kahi i mālama'ia ai nā hō'ike a me nā palapala, ua lilo i kahua kaua no nā po'e kipi. Ua pau nā kaua i ke ahi, a ma kahi o 2,000 banners i wela ai, nā kāpili holo'oko'a o ke Kaua Mua Mua Mua, 300 mau inoa o nā mea kahiko. Ua ho'opau loa'ia ka waihona palapala o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia 18, a ua hō'ino'ia ka hapa o ka ohi'ana i waiho'ia ma ka'aha.

Ua nui ka poino i hana'ia e ke kahe i Leningrad i ka makahiki 1924, akā na'e, ua ho'omalu nā mea hana i nā mea a pau e hiki ai, a'o ka hō'ili'ili e ho'onui'ia ma muli o ke kālā i loa'a mai 27 hale kū'ai.

Ma ke'ano o ka pani'ana, ua pāpālua'ia ka Hale Hō'ike'ike o Art History (SPb), akā ua mālama pa'a'ia nā kālā a ho'opiha'ia me nā lako kaua a me nā relics o ka Great Patriotic War. I ka makahiki 1946 ua ho'oili'ia ka hale hō'ike'ike i ka 'Oihana o ka Academy of Artillery Sciences. 'O ka hō'ike mua i wehe'ia i ka lā 24 o Nowemapa, 1946, ua ho'ola'a loa'ia i nā relics o ke kaua hope loa. Ua kōkua ka ho'ohui hou'ana o ka hale hō'ike'ike i ke a'o'ana hohonu o ka hō'ili'ili i hō'ili'ili'ia, e ho'opuka i nā papa palapala ki'i, ho'olālā i ka hō'ili'ili a me nā mea e hiki ai ke hana i nā kūpono kūpono no ka mālama'ana i nā mea nui loa.

Ka nui o nā kālā

Mai ka makahiki 1948, ua ho'oku'u'ia e ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o Art History ka hua'ōlelo nui e ho'ola'a'ia i ka mo'olelo o ka hana mo'okalaleo Rusia. I ka makahiki 1963, ua ho'opiha'ia ka hō'ili'ili'ana i ka hō'ili'ili o ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'Oihana Historical Historical, i hui'ia no 150 mau makahiki. 'O ka hō'ili'ili'ana i nā hō'ailona o ka nohona o ka pū'ali koa ma nā kaua o ka Patriotic War me Napoleon i ka makahiki 1812,'o ka ho'ouka Russian-Turkish i 1877-1878,'o ka Northern War o 1700-1721.

Koa-Historical Museum o ka 'enekinia, hao wale na mea me ka hou ho'āʻoʻia a me nā palapala i loko o 1965, ka wā āna i hui i ka Koa Museum o Hoʻokaʻa'. Ma waena o nā mele nui - ka telegraph electromagnetic mua o 1832, i hana'ia e P. L. Schilling, mea ho'ōla kani A. S. Popov i ka makahiki 1895. 'O ka le'ale'a nui loa ka mea kani pūnaewele Bodo, me ke kōkua'ana i loa'a ai i kahi leka e pili ana i ka hā'awi'ia'ana o Kelemānia i ka makahiki 1945.

'O ka ho'olaha hou a'e i loa'a mai ma muli o ka ho'oili'ana i ka Hale Hō'ike'ike Mo'ali'i o nā hō'ili'ili mai ka Hale Hō'ike'ike o ka Hale'o Mr. Kutuzov, ma Polani. 'O nā kumu o kēia hālāwai,'o ia ka Kutuzov Hall.

Hō'ike

I kēia manawa,'o ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o Military Artillery ka hō'ili'ili nui loa o nā waiwai a me nā palapala e'olu'olu'ole ma Rusia, akā, ma ka honua pū kekahi. Ma nā paia o nā pāpale ali'i, ua hō'ili'ili'ia nā hō'ili'ili nui loa o nā mea kaua kahiko, nā palapala kālai'āina, nā mea hana ho'olālā koa, nā hō'ailona a me nā hae o nā wā like'ole, nā mea li'ili'i a me ke anuanu. Hāpai nā hale ho'okipa hale hō'ike'ike i nā ki'i pa'i ki'i o nā mea pena kaulana, nā ki'i ki'i, nā ki'i o nā mō'ī a me nā luna nui.

Aia nā waihona kālā i loko o nā lumi he 13,'o ka huina paukū o ia wahi e noho ana he 17 mau mika mika. 'O ka waihona hale waihona ho'ole'a he 850,000 mau mea kūikawā kūikawā e pili ana i ka'ike'epekema, ka'enekala, ka hoihoi'oihana. 'O nā Ubsyug pubs (14-16 mau kenekulia), nā mea hana a ka mea kaua kaua Jacob, i ka 15th century, i kāohi i nā lima o nā kenekulia 16th-18s e ho'ohana nei i ka nānā o ka lehulehu a me ka po'e'epekema.

'O ka ha'aheo o ka hō'ili'ili,'o ia nā hana a nā haku Lūkini o nā'oihana kaua - Mosin SI, AP Engelgard, VS Baranovsky a me ka hō'ulu'ulu nui loa o nā mea li'ili'i a me ke kila anuanu. 'O kekahi o nā hō'ike i hā'awi'ia e nā mea ho'olālā, e like me kā Kalashnikov assault pif.

'O ke'ano o ka'oihana kaulana a me ka mō'aukala ke ho'ohālikelike'ia e ka po'e holokani Lūkini a ua makemake'ia e wehe'ia kahi pūkuniahi a me ka hae o ka pū'ali ho'olewa o Tsar Peter I. Ma nā ke'ena o nā hale pule, hiki iā ia ke'ike me nā ho'olālā koa o nā kupa o Rusia, nā hana'ele'ele, nā'oihana kālā a nā mea haku kaulana kaulana o kona manawa, 'O nā mea pono a nā luna nui, nā mō'ī, nā ali'i nui Soviet.

Wahi wehe

I ka makahiki 2002, ma hope o ke kūkulu hou'ana, wehe'ia kekahi wehewehe, aia ma ka pā o ka hale hō'ike'ike. Aia ka'oihana i'oi a'e ma mua o'elua hekita, ua ho'omaka'ia ke kūkulu'ana o ka hō'ili'ili i nā makahiki mua o ke 50. Open ke kōkua o nā malihini i kaumahaia aku oi ma mua o 250 kope o ka mea kaua pū mākaʻikaʻi, Kao lele lako kaua me na mea kaua, ano o ka 'ōlelo a me ka' ike loea hou 'enekinia, koa noi.

'O ka hō'ili'ili pū'ia me ka'enehana o ka hana'ana o ka home a me ka haole, e uhi ana i nā hanana'ano like'ole - mai nā pū kahiko i nā mea hou. Hiki i ka malihini kipa ke'ike me nā lakohana pono'ī a me ka ulana'ana, nā papa hana hana'ē a'e, e like me nā mea i ho'okomo'ia me nā kī'aha nuclear. 'O ka nui o ka hoihoi i nā mākua a me nā keiki,'o ia nā hō'ike, nā huaka'i a ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o'Amelika o Artillery e alaka'i. 'O ka ki'i o nā mea kaua a me nā mea hō'ike'ē a'e ua lō'ihi loa i lilo i ka māhele o ka polokalamu kipa.

I ke kūkulu'ia'ana o ka Chapel Maltese, aia kekahi o nā lālā o ka hale kū'ai e hana'ia, e pili ana i ka mo'olelo o ka hana'ana a me ka māhele'ana o nā hui'ōpio ma ka moku Lūkini. 'A'ole i koho'ia ka hale e ke koho. Ua Ua kūkuluʻia e ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kaulana Quarenghi ka hapa o ka Ensemble o ka Vorontsov Palace, a, ma mua ka mea i waiho Page mau pūʻali kona imperial Moi.

E hō'ike ana ka Hale Hō'ike'ike o ka Mo'olelo o ka Cadet Corps i ka mo'aukala no ka ulu'ana o Kadet i Russia a hiki i ka makahiki 1917,'o ka Movement Cadet i ka ne'e'ana. Ho'olahalaha'ia nā hō'ike hō'ike'ike i nā kula aupuni kūikawā - Suvorov, Nakhimov, ho'omākaukau, a me ka ulu hou'ana o ka Cadet Corps i Rusia hou.

Hō'ike kūpa'a

Aia kahi hō'ike ma'amau i loko o nā lumi he 13. Ke hō'ike nei nā'ōuli i nā anuanu, nā pūliki, nā mea kaua, nā mea kaua a me nā mea'enekeneka, nā kūkākūkā mai nā mea mua a hō'ea i nā hō'aho hou, nā hō'ailona, nā hae kaua e hō'ike ana i ka moolelo o nā mea kaua o ka pū'ali koa mai ka 14th century.

Halls o ka Hale Hō'ike'ike:

• 'O ka mo'aukala o nā mea kaua a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia 19.
• Ka mo'olelo o nā pū'ali koa a me nā mea kaua a hiki i ka makahiki 1917.
• 'O Mikhail Kutuzov a me ka Warriot Patriotic.
• 'O ka mo'aukala o nā pū'ali koa kaua o ka makahiki 1918-1941.
• 2 halepule i ho'ola'a'ia no ka mea'oihana akamai i ka wā o ka Great Patriotic War o 1941-1945.
• 'O ka mō'aukala no ka ho'oulu'ana i nā mea kaua pahi.
• 'O ka pū'ali koa o ka pū'ali koa o Rūkia ma mua o ka wā lō'ihi.
• 'O nā pū'ali koa ma ka 1917.
• Ke Kalashnikov Hall.
• 'O Svyazisty i ka wā o ke Kaua Honua'elua (1941-1945).
• 'O ka mo'aukala o ke kumu a me ka ho'omohala'ana o ka pū'ulu kama'ilio.
• Hale o ka mo'olelo o nā mea kaua o'Eulopa i nā makahiki 15-17.
• 'O ka mo'aukala o ka pū'ulu'ōpiopio, nā kula aupuni i Rusia.
• Wahi wehe.

Nā hō'ike

Ma waho a'e o ka hō'ike mau loa, nā hale ho'okipa hale ho'okipa e mālama i nā hō'ike'ike, kahi o ka hale nui a me nā hale li'ili'i. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei,'o ka mea i'ike mua'ia'o "nā mea kaua o ke kenekulia 20.", "Nā Mo'olelo Kaua o ka 20th Century", "Nā Koa Nui no ka Terror" a me nā mea'ē a'e.

'O ka pānui i ka 2017 e hele ana e kipa i nā hō'ike:

• "Ka Ea Lūkini ma nā Balkani" (e pa'a a hiki i ka hopena o Ianuali 31, 2018). Ua ho'ola'a'ia no ka 140 mau makahiki o ka ho'omaka o ke kaua'o Russo-Turkish.
• "Ua hō'ili'ili ka manawa iā mākou i nā ho'ouka kaua" "(hopena i ka hopena o Sepatemaba 2017). Ke'ike nei ka ho'olālā i ka manawa i nā hanana a me nā mo'olelo o Colonel General VE Taranovich.
• "Ho'okumu i ka lanakila" (holo a hiki i ka mahina 2016). Ho'onohonoho'ia i ka 120th anniversary o ka mea nāna i hana i ke pistol-pū pono pū o ke Kaua Nui Patriotic, GS Shpagin.
• "E ho'ololi i ka hopena o D. Brianchaninov" (a hiki i ka hopena o Mei 2017). Ke ho'ākāka nei i ke ola, ka hopena a me nā hana a St. Ignatius Brianchaninov.
• "Mai'Ātalia a hiki iā Unaria" (hiki i ka lā 30 o Sepatemaba, 2017). Ho'ohui'ia i ka mo'aukala no ke kūkulu'ana i nā kula DOSAAF.

Ho'onohonoho'ia nā huaka'i hele wāwae, kahi e pili ana i nā mākua a me nā keiki.

Hō'ike

Ua loa'a i ka Hale Hō'ike'ike'o'Amelika Hui Pū'Ia nā hō'ike kūpono no ka piha'ana, ka waiwai o ka mō'aukala waiwai nui, nā hele maika'i a me nā mea i'ike'ole'ia e nā mea nānā i komo i loko o nā lumi. Ho'omaopopo nā malihini i ka uku ho'olālā no nā tiketi a no ka'ae'ana e ki'i i nā ki'i o ka hō'ike nui, a me ke kuleana e komo ai i ka wahi ākea.

Ua mahalo nui'ia nā malihini a pau e nā mea pu'upu'u o ka pu'upu'u maoli. 'O ka hō'ike i'oi aku ka hoihoi no nā kāne kāne wale nō o nā mea hele, ua'ike'ia nā mea he nui e ka wahine maika'i. Hele maika'i nā malihini kipa e kipa aku i ka hale'ike'ike a mana'o'i'o i ka manawa e piha ana i laila, e makemake ana nā kānaka a pau e ho'iho'i i ho'okahi manawa.

'A'ohe mana'o maika'i'ole, akā aia nā mau ho'opi'i e pili ana i ka ho'omālamalama'ana o kekahi mau hale pule, nā'ano kiko'ī a me nā palapala hō'oia mai nā mea hoihoi.

'Ike kūpono

'Auhea kahi Hale Hō'ike'ike o ka Mo'olelo Nui o Artillery? 'O ka helu wahi: St. Petersburg, Alexander Park, kūkulu 7 ('enehana metro "Gorkovskaya").

Ka uku o nā tiketi komo:

• No nā po'e mākua - 400 mau'āpana.
• No nā keiki - 250 rubles.
• Nā'ano kūikawā o ka heluna - 250 mau'āpana.
• No nā haumāna, nā haumāna o nā kula kula, nā penihana - 100 mau'āpana.

Ho'olilo'ia ka uku ma ke kālā,'a'ole'ae'ia nā kāleka kāleka. Hiki iā'oe ke'ike i ka helu kelepona no ka'ikepili ma kahi pūnaewele official, a, no laila, aia ka Hale Hō'ike'ike Hīmeni o Artillery.

'O nā hola hana o nā lumi ho'olālā he 11: 00-18: 00, nā mahina he Lāhina a me Pō'alua, a pēlā ho'i i nā Pō'alima hope loa o ka malama.

'A'ole wale nā hale pule hō'ike'ike i ka pā'ani i ka Hale Hō'ike'ike o ka Hale Koa o Artillery. Hō'ike'ia ka mo'aukala i loko o nā puke, nā waihona, nā puke mō'aukala, ka mea hiki iā'oe ke'ike me ka hale'ike'ike'ike o ka hale. Nā hola ho'omaka - ma ka Pō'akolu a me ka Pō'alima (11: 00-17: 00), ua wehe'ia ka pūnaewele palapala ma nā Pō'akolu a me nā Pō'alima (10: 00-16: 30).