Leishmaniasis i loko o na holoholona: Symptoms,ʻike, a me ka iapaau ana

Leishmaniasis mea he infectious mai o na holoholona, kena ae la ia e ka intracellular parasite. Kēia parasite o ka genus Leishmania ua laweʻia e makika. I ka laha ana o ka maʻi he hoʻonui ai i nā wahi lulu popilikia a me ka hihiu mammals. Leishmaniasis paha e visceral paha cutaneous.

etiology

Ke ola kalapona o ka parasite i wahi me ka loli o nona: vertebrates, me kānaka, a me ka lawe - ka mosquito. Leishmania ioeo ia lŘlŘ 2 - flagellated parasitizing kino i loko o ke koko-keikihipa omo nā mea kolo, a bezzhgutikovaya - macrophages ma ka puali keena.

Māhele aku leishmaniasis i na holoholona maʻano nui endemic. Ma keia hihia, ka hapanui o na hihia helu i loko o ka ulu'āina. I ka 32'āina, i ka maʻi mea malalo o ke OAXA kakau ana.

No ka mea manawa mua i loko o ka holoholona leishmaniasis i loko o Rusia ka mea iʻike i ka 1909. Kēia hihia pili i ka ilio o ka Caucasus. Mai 2008 a hiki i 2010, 52 hihia o keia maʻi i loko o ilio i ua kakau ma Ukraine.

epizootology

Ka maʻi hoomaka mai mailoko o holoholona a me kānaka. Nā mea kolo a me bloodsucking kiʻi amastigote, a e hoomaka ana i ka 'Imi? Aneii i loko o kona gut. 8-10 lā amastigote iho i loko o ka invasive palapala, i kia ma ka mosquito proboscis a me ke alo pauku o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi. I kekahi manawa e nahu mai lawe parasite komo i ke koko, a me ka spinal hoʻomaka e paʻi. Pono i ka lā i loko o ka halepaahao e e oi aku mamua o 200 mau'āpana amostigot. e loa luku manawa parasite keena, e pio e kokoke keena ma i ke kaʻina ua hai amastigote. Penei, leishmania nō i loko o kaʻili, iwi ka lolo, akepaa, lymph aka wahi a kekahi'ē aʻe nā loko.

Ka incubation au

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka kinona o ka? Aaieou mea he maʻi okoa. Ke incubation au o visceral leishmaniasis hiki mau mai i 10 mahina, ulu i nā.

Skin Leishmaniasis ua ulu koke, kona incubation au ka loa pōkole.

hoike

Maʻi prone holoholona o kekahi makahiki a me ka ka wahine. Ma opiopio holoholona ma ke kakahiaka nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kākaʻikahi ho'āʻo symptoms, a hiki aku i ka hopena oʻike, a me ka nui pakeneka o ka make. haʻawina kekahi hōʻike i ka loa susceptible e leishmaniasis holoholona elemakule 3-5 makahiki.

Leishmaniasis i loko o na holoholona, kiʻi o ka i hiki ke ike iʻaneʻi, ua paa ma ka panina noaia, me ka hoohuoi ana a pau nā loko, a keena o ka holoholona.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis hoʻomaka me keʻano o nodules ma ke kahua o ka nahu lawe. Over manawa, i kēia mau nodules kahe i ulcers. Most susceptible i ka maʻi iniiaiie mau wahi a puni o ka maka, uapo o ka ihu a me ka pepeiao o ka holoholona.

Ma keia palapala ana o ka maʻi i undergo sluggish no ka makahiki paha, a hiki hou. I ka make ana o ka holoholona ma keia kahua ka'āina pohihihi keia. Visceral leishmaniasis ia lŘlŘ nui aku pilikia: ka mea hiki e huʻi paha maʻi. Inā he mea i kekahi palapala o ke kuni, aia no he mau kaumaha o ka holoholona, loa kaumaha me keia poho.

Ka poʻe me nā hoailona o ka holoholona hoomanawanui? Ac? Conjunctivitis, anaemia, indigestion ua pinepine malama. Aia paha e ka lōlō a paresis, me ka nui loa hihia hoʻi hemodynamics. Mai lalo o ka aoao o parasitic meaola luku lohi, allergic aʻawahia reactions.

Iloko o ka multiplication o Leishmania mahuahua akepaa, lymph aka wahi a me spleen. Ka huʻi ano o ka maʻi i oi typical no ka opiopio holoholona. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO, make ia lŘlŘ i loko o kekahi mau mahina ma hope o ka hoailona mua o ka maʻi. Pohihihi keia hihia o ka hihia o ke ola.

Ma visceral leishmaniasis ke ano o ka gradual hoʻoikaika 'ana o ka holoholona o ka kino nawaliwali, mahuahua luhi. Skin blanch, ikaika loa ka makemake hoemiia. Ma keia anu u, e hiki ke ike ma ka palpation hoonee aku spleen. A hōʻemi iki mahuahua ana i loko o ke ana wela ia lŘlŘ. Inā ka mahana ua mahuahua me ka nui loa, e Hōʻike i ke kiekie o ka maʻi. Oia ka papa o ka maʻi ke mau no i ke 3 mahina.

anaemia, cachexia e hoʻomaka i ke kūpono 'ana o ka maʻi. I hoʻomaka ai ma mucous wahi loli ana i necrosis. Oe i 'ike naʻau maʻi.

Leishmaniasis i na holoholona ma ke ano o ka ili ia lŘlŘ i loko o 10-20 lā. Initially loaʻa papule anawaena o ma kahi o 3 knm. Ma hope iho o ka hola 2 pule mea, ua hiki ke malama i ka necrotic-oaio? A puni lole wili infiltratedʻili me copious secretions. 'Aʻole loa, mai ka iniiaiie leyshmanomy hanaia kiʻekiʻe bumps e huli i loko o hou ulcers. Over manawa, na mea ino a pau merge i loko o hoʻokahi nui waena. Me ka pono a me ka 'eleu hana o kēia mau ulcers hoola i loko o kekahi mau mahina, ma kā lākou mau wahi, ma laila noho nui scars i kākaʻikahi uhi ia me ka lauoho hou. Nā bumps a me na mai hehe iʻaneʻane painless me ka ho okumu.

complications

Ma ka pono lōʻihi-kau papa o ka maʻi mea kiʻekiʻe pilikia o ka ulu nephritis, diathesis, pneumonia, agranulocytosis. High pahiki o suppurative necrotizing li nui. Me ka nui lesion o ke kino e hiki irreversible hui, kēia pōʻino hihio.

lapaʻau '

I ka leishmaniasis alakai likeʻole haʻawina, e kuhikuhi i ke causative hope. Penei, he piha koko Ka Ikepili e hōʻike loa ESR, hypochromic anaemia, haahaa lehulehu o platelets. Biochemistry hōʻike hypergammaglobulinemia. Cutaneous leishmaniasis i loko o na holoholona diagnosed ma hope o hoʻokaʻawale o ka pathogen mai ulcers a me tubercles. Visceral Leishmania ia akulla 'i loko o ke koko hana' ike loea. I kekahi manawa, he biopsy ua i ka likeʻole nā loko.

Ma epidemiological haʻawina paka i ka ili hoao me leyshmaninom (MaunaʻEleʻele naoh).

Currently, i ka ulu ana o ka hou ano o kaʻike, o ka leishmaniasis, mai ka poe e noho ana a ianoiyuaa a loaʻa, e noi mai ana nui nā koina, a lawe mai i ka hailona o ka manawa.

Ulcers me ka leishmaniasis e like foci i anthrax paea, no laila, no ka mea, ua makemake ko ka pololeiʻike, e pale aku i ke alo o ka Agena o ka anthrax.

Outlook

Leishmaniasis i loko o ka holoholona e hele ana i ka mehana, kekahi manawa welau a me ka kūʻokoʻa ke ola. Me ka 'eleuʻike, a me ka pono' inikua 'uao' ano e hoopau ana i ka maʻi, ua like ka nui. At mea, ina iho mailoko o kanaka me ka nawaliwali e hoʻonele, i ka wa e kaawale aku o pharmacological kōkua paha ka make. Leishmaniasisʻili mau lau scars paha scars.

lapaʻau

Leishmaniasis holoholona ia me ka pentavalent antimony ai '. Kēiaʻano o ka lapaʻauʻia "Glyukantima", "Solyusurmina" a me "Neostibozana". A hiki i ka visceral ano o ka maʻi, e lawelawe mau ai 'intravenously ma 7-10 lā me ka gradual mahuahua ma ka paipai mahele lāʻau. I Ina o lawa laulā o ka lapaʻau hoʻohui "Amphotericin B", i ua injected lohi intravenously ma ka hui pu ana, me ka 5% monakō koko pāʻoihana.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis i na holoholona ma ke kakahiaka nui ke kahua hiki ke hoola iho la oia ma ka injecting Iegasaduha "monomitsin" "Urotopinom". Hou injections i i ma ka ia lotion hoomakaukau. Inā i ulcer i mua i hanaʻia, pili intramuscularʻano "Miramistin". E hōʻeleu i ke kaʻina hana o ka puakai ulcers, e waiho i ka hana o ke kukuna Inc.

Papaʻa hoʻi i loko o ka maʻi i "Pentamidine" a me ka "Amphotericin B", a ua häʻawi mai i ka manawa parasite ia'ku i kuʻuna mea haʻilula keimikala paha ma relapse o ka maʻiʻaʻai.

I mea e hoʻoikaika i ka laulā o ka iapaau ana i hoʻohuiʻia recombinant interferon gamma hoʻomohala no ka iapaau ana o nā kānaka.

Ma pohihihi keia hoopii, he mea pono e hoola i ka wehe 'ana o ka spleen surgically.

I loko nō o nā ana a pau ia i ka pakele ana i ka maʻi, a hiki ma hope o piha hou ana o ka holoholona pathogen mai i ke kino o ka leishmaniasis,ʻaʻole hiki loa iʻa.

Kāohi

Ma ka manawa, aole he ala e vaccinate holoholona a me nā kānaka. No ka hoomalu ana, mai kaʻaki o Phlebotomus ka mea, e waiho i ka hoʻohana 'ana o kūikawā insecticides, papahana no kauka holoholona ana.

Like Kāohiʻana o leishmaniasis i loko o nā localities ma kamepiula, liquidated hooponopono ioauoa o makika i disinfestation? Iae.

Ma nä ka maʻi i loko o wahi lulu mammals, na mea nona maliu chemoprophylaxis "pyrimethamine."

I ka loaʻaʻana o ka maʻi i loko o holoholona hihiu i mea e pale aku i ka make ana o kēia mau holoholona, ua waiho ia ke hoʻokō i ka liquidation o ko lākou mau koe.

Mau kino i kanaka

More o 350 miliona kanaka i ianoiyuaa a ma kamepiula o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Foci o leishmaniasis e hohola iho la maluna nui wahi o Asia a meʻEulopa. Ma kekahi mau wahi o vectors o leishmaniasis - e noho ana i laila koko-keikihipa omo nā mea kolo. Hihia o visceral leishmaniasis kakau i loko o Ukraine, North Ossetia, ma ka Crimean steppes, mauna o ka Caucasus a me kekahi'ē aʻe wahi.

Ka maʻi ua i ho'īli pololei mai ka holoholona i ke kanaka, akā, i ka wa a ka mea mua maʻiʻaʻai prophylaxis ua pono no kanaka, no ka mea, o ka mea o ka maʻi Hōʻike i ke alo o kona nā moku halihali mokulele.

waiwai

Leishmaniasis - kēia mau mea mai, i mai ole paka nā mea'aʻaʻa. Alaila, o ka poe mai holoholona a kanaka ke a me ka lua o ka manawa, a me ka kolu. Eia naʻe, ua hihia i loa pohihihi keia, no laila ia mea olelo lealea i ka holoholona ke ola mahope aku o oi aku mamua o elua hai nā mea palahēhē.

E pale aku recurrence o ka maʻi ai 'e waiho no ka lapaʻau, pili kela mea keia eono mahina. Eia naʻe, ua pinepine ana e alakai i ka hooulu ana o ka ia'ku o ka meaola a me kaʻawahia 'ole.

Ma hope o ka maʻi o ka holoholona nele i ka lōʻihi hoʻopulapula, e like me ia ma ka hihia o ka helehelena a piha ana o na kino pono e surgically eaioiuo.

Leishmaniasis ma holoholona - ia mea paʻakikī pilikia a me ka insidious maʻi, no laila, e noho ana i loko o keakea wahi e e pono ua hoʻonānā no ka Ka Hānai Ā Huhu i ke ano o na symptoms mua (a me ke ahiahi, e hoʻohuoiʻia o ka maʻi) e ia ma ka manawa e hoʻolako i ka pono kōkua.