Lev Vygotsky: Kawaihae, photo a me kaʻike hoʻokumu

Poʻokela nä känaka 'epekema Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, nui na hana i i komo i loko o ke gula dala o ko ke ao nei aʻike manaʻo, i ka hailona i loko o kona pōkole ola. He waiho i ke kumu o na mea he nui o mahope LIKE i nā kiʻina aʻo a me kaʻike manaʻo, kekahi o kona mau manaʻo i nō kali ulu. Psychologist Lev Vygotsky no i ka Wiliau Hōkū o poʻokela Lūkiniʻepekema, a hiehie erudition, maikaʻi loa rhetorical nā mākau a me ka hohonu scientificʻike.

Family a me ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi

Lev Vygotsky, kona Kawaihae ua hoʻomaka 'ana i loko o ka pomaikai Iudaio ohana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Orsha, i hānauʻia ma luna o November 17, 1896. Kona inoa ma ka hanau i Vygotsky, oia hoʻololi e hoʻomaka ana i ka 1923. Makua ka inoa, Simcha, akā, i loko o ka Lūkini ano kapa hua. Nā Mākua Leo Ua hoʻonaʻauao a me ka waiwai kanaka. Koʻu makuahine hana me ke kumu, me kona makua kāne i ke kālepa. Ka ohana o Leo i ka lua o ka ewalu keiki.

I ka 1897, he pono hele i Gomel, kahi o kona makua kāne i hope pali, manakia. Lion ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi A ua maluhia, koʻu makuwahine a pau i ka manawa pau i na keiki. Ka hale keiki nui no hoi kaikuaʻana Vygodsky-i ka nui hoahanau o Dāvida, i ka ikaika ma luna o Lev. House profitably ua he nohona waena kahi ka kūloko intelligentsia hoakoakoa ae la, a kūkākūkā hou moʻomeheu nūhou a me nā hanana i loko o ke ao nei. Koʻu makua kāne,ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu o ka mua lehulehu hale waihona puke i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, na keiki mai ka wa kamalii hoʻomaʻamaʻaʻia lākou i heluhelu maikai puke. A laila, i ka 'ohana i hele mai i kekahi mau poʻokela philologists, a no ka maopopo ia, mai kona hoahānau, i ka' elele o ka Lūkini formalism, Leo a me ka hoʻololi i nā palapala ma ka inoa.

palapala he

No na keiki, i kono ai i ka waiwai kekahi kumu Solomon Markovich Ashpiz,ʻikeʻia no kāna hana aʻo hana ma muli o "ʻano o" Socrates i ka ohana. Eia hou kekahi, a noho'ōleloʻole e holumua ai kālai'āina manao, a ua he lâlâ o ka Social kemokalaka Party.

Leo i hana ma lalo o ka aoao o ke kumu, a me ko Dāvida kaikuaʻana. Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi ka mea, ua hoihoi i ka moʻokalaleo a me ka kālaiʻike. Kona punahele poe akeakamai Benedict Spinoza hoomaka, a me keia Hobby nä känaka 'epekema lawe ma kona ola. Lev Vygotsky a nānā aku ma ka hale, akā, ma hope ana i hala i ka mawaho ninaninau o ka lima o ka papa o ka gymnasium, a hele aku la i ka 6th papa Iudaio kāne 'kula, kahi ia i loaa i kona mau haumāna hoʻonaʻauao. Leo aʻo maikaʻi, akā, hoomau iho la oia e loaa kekahi haʻawina ma Roma, Helene, Hebera a me ka'ōlelo Pelekane ma ka home.

I ka 1913, oia ana ku i ka puka me kŰia i ka Moscow University'āuna kumu o Medicine. Akā,ʻo ia loa koke unuhi i loko o ke kānāwai. I ka 1916, oia kākau i ka hailonaʻana o nā hōʻike manaʻo o nā puke ma Contemporary moʻolelo, 'atikala ma ka moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala, manaʻo ma ka "Iudaio" ana keiki. I ka 1917, ua hoʻoholo e haʻalele i ke kānāwai, a ua unuhi ma ka mōʻaukala-philological kumu o ke Kulanui ia. Shanyavsky, ka mea i puka 'o ia i ka makahiki hope.

nā kiʻina aʻo

Ma hope o ua noho mai kulanui, iʻalo Lev Vygotsky me ka pilikia o ka hana. He ua a me kona makuwahine, a kaikaina, hele mua ia Samara no kekahi wahi, alaila, e hele i Kiev, akā, i ka 1918, hoi i Gomel. Where ka mea, hoʻohuiʻia ai i ka hana ana o ke kula hou, kahi ana i hoomaka e ao aku i kona kaikuaana o Davida. Mai 1919 a hiki i 1923, ua hana ia ma kekahi mau kula ma Gomel, kekahi noho o ka Papa Hoonaauao. Kēia ao ka hoao ana i ke kumu no kona hoi koke ana noiʻi i nā kiʻina hana a keiki i ka hanauna kaikaina.

He maoli ai e komo e holumua ai no ia manawa pedological kuhikuhi, a lawe pu ʻike manaʻo a me nā kiʻina aʻo. Vygotsky hana i kekahi mana keʻena hoʻokolohua ma Gomel kulanui, a hana i konaʻike manaʻo hoʻonaʻauao. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovichʻeleu horn ma kaʻaha kūkā kaua, a lilo hiki i kaʻepekema ma ka hou o ka mahinaʻai. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema hana ma luna o nā pilikia o ke kahua o nā mākau a me ka aʻo ana o na keiki, ka mea e e hui i loko o kekahi puke me ke kuleana "Educationalʻike manaʻo". It E lilo i ka ohi ana o 'atikala e pili ana i ka malama ana, aesthetic ka hoʻonaʻauao, ano o këia keikiʻike manaʻo a me ka kumu kanaka.

Mua a me ke kapuai ma Science

Oiai këia ma ke Kulanui, Lev Vygotsky ka hoihoi i loko o ka palapala, ai noʻonoʻo loi, paʻi mau hana ma luna o poetics. Kana hana ma ka Ikepili o "kauhale" e William Shakespeare ua he hou hua'ōlelo i loko o ka palapala, ai Ka Ikepili. Eia naʻe, kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana scientific hana Vygotsky hoʻomaka e komo i loko o kekahi poepoe - ma ke kuʻina o ka a me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻike manaʻo. Kana hana alakai mana keʻena hoʻokolohua, a lilo iho la ia i ka hou hua'ōlelo i loko o pedology. Oia laila, Vygotsky i ka noʻonoʻo 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a nāna e hoʻopuka i kaʻike manaʻo o ka ole ma ke kumu o ka hana. Kana mau hana i hōʻike mai iā ia i kekahi mau 'epekema e hālāwai kūkā ai, ka mea, ua olinolino, a me nā hana, e ka mea e hiki ai e lilo i psychologist Vygotsky.

Alanui ma kaʻike manaʻo

Ka mua hana o Vygotsky e pili ana i na pilikia o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o'āno'ē keiki, i kēia mau haʻawina i ole wale waiho i ke kahua no ka hoʻokumu o Defectology, akā, i lilo i nui na makana no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i kiekie ae ka noʻonoʻo' oihana a me ka noʻonoʻo 'lauana. I ka 1923, ma ka Ahaolelo Lahui ma psychoneurology ia lŘlŘ fateful halawai ana me ka poʻokela psychologist Ara Luria. He Ua literally ai i ka palapala hoike Vygotsky, a hoʻoili i ka hele Lev Semenovich ma Moscow. I ka makahiki 1924 Vygotsky i kono e hana i ka Moscow Institute o kaʻike manaʻo. Pela i hoomaka ai ka brightest, akā, me ka pōkole wā o kona olaʻana.

ʻepekema pono he nui loa e lauwili. He hana me ka pilikia i pili i ka manawa o Reflexology, ua i he nui na makana no ka hoʻopaʻa ' ana i kiekie ae ka noʻonoʻo' oihana, a me ka mai mai hoopoina e pili ana i kona poe i kakahiaka nui aloha - e pili ana i nā kiʻina aʻo. A hiki ma hope o ka make ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema, e ia i kekahi puke i hiehie o kona mau makahiki o ka noiʻi, - ".ʻike manaʻo o kanaka? Acaeoey" Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich i ka hoʻomanaʻo o keʻike manaʻo, a me ka i loko o kēia puke kekahi mua i kona manaʻo ma ka kumu ano o kaʻike manaʻo a me ka lapaʻau 'ana. Pakahi aku la ia nui o ka mahele ma luna o ka manaʻoʻike ulia, i ka halawai hoihoi 6 haʻi'ōlelo o nā kānakaʻepekema, ma ka mea āna i noho ai ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE kumuhana o mauʻike manaʻo. Vygotsky i ole kahu ai i ka nui iho la ia hoike aku i ko lakou mau manaʻo, akā, lilo iho la i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka helu o nā mea kū i ka 'epekema.

Pili I Ka-mōʻaukala kumumanaʻo

A kūikawā wahi i loko o ka manaʻoʻike manaʻo o Vygotsky i ka nohona-mōʻaukala pähola 'ana o ka psyche. He i ka 1928, ua ka wiwo ole hoakaka i ka manawa i ka nohona 'ia o ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka ulu ana. Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, i hooikaika nui ma pedology okoa kūikawā hoʻokokoke mai, pono manaoio ana i ke keiki hele ma nā kuʻina o ke kahua o ka psyche,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka hopena o liluwelo papahana, akā, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka? Acaeoey o ka "manaʻoʻike hana": moʻomeheu, 'ōlelo, Helu nenoaiu. Ike paka e hoʻomōhala ana i ka laulima a me ka launa pu, no laila, i ke kūlana o ka moʻomeheu i loko o shaping paha, ka 'ole hiki ke overemphasized. Ke kanaka, e like me ka psychologist, he loa ka nohona, a me ka ma waho hui, he nui loa ka noʻonoʻo 'oihana hiki ole ke hana.

"ʻike manaʻo o Art"

Kekahi mea nui, haliu ae la ia i ka buke, a ua lilo ia i mea kaulana Vygotskiy Lev, - "ʻike manaʻo o Art". Ma o ka malamalama o ka mea, hele mai la na makahiki o ka mea kākau i ka make ma hope, a hiki laila, i ka nui manaʻo ma luna o ka 'epekema honua. Kona hopena ua hoano e noiʻi, mai kekahi mahinaʻai:ʻike manaʻo, linguistics, ethnology, oe mōʻaukala, sociology. Ke kiʻi i ka manaʻo o ka Vygotsky ua ia nō mea nui ka wahi o ka? Acaeoey o na mea he nui ka noʻonoʻo 'oihana, a me kona kumu mea ku pono i ka papa maoli o kanaka evolution. Art mea he nui ololi no ke ola o na kanaka lehulehu, e hanaʻia he nui nui oihana i loko o ke kaiāulu a me ke ola o kanaka.

"Manao iho a me ka Moi"

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, kona puke e malie loa mahalo a puni ke ao nei, i ole he manawa e hoolaha i kona nui hana. Ka puke "manao iho la ia a me ka Moi" Ua Ua he maoli kipi i loko o kaʻike manaʻo o kona manawa. Ma ka mea, ua hiki ia e na mea he nui o ka manaʻo i mea hope i ua kālaiʻia, a hoʻomohala i loko o cognitive 'epekema, psycholinguistics, kaiapiliʻike manaʻo ke nä känaka' epekema. Vygotsky experimentally hoao i ua hana na kanaka o ka manao, a me ka ulu wale ma ka olelo hope. Ma ka Ia 'ōlelo a mākou i kekahi i kekahi mea o ka noho haumāna kahi noʻonoʻo haʻawina. He loaʻa stadial pūʻulu ho okumu ana o ka manaʻo a me ka hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o "ka hoʻoponopono ulia", i ua manawa i hoʻohana na wahi a pau.

Nä känaka 'epekema ka makana i ka' epekema

Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich, kona puke e manawa koi heluhelu no kela psychologist, no kona mau loa pōkole ola ma ka 'epekema ua hiki ke e i nui na makana no ka hooulu ana i kekahi mau sciences. Kana hana ua lilo, i waena o nā haʻawina, me ka impetus no ke kahua o ka psychoneurology, psycholinguistics, cognitiveʻike manaʻo. Kona moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala manaʻo o ka naʻau o ka hookumu ana mai o ka pau 'epekema kula o kaʻike manaʻo i hoomaka loa' Imi e hoʻomōhala i loko o ka 21st kenekulia.

He mea hiki ole ia downplay i ka makana o Vygotsky, ka hooulu ana o ka wahi lulu defectology, a me ka hoʻonaʻauaoʻike manaʻo. He nui o kana mau hana i keia la e wale lākou loiloi oiaio a me ka hooulu ana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkiniʻike manaʻo He manawa he wahi o ka hanohano i ka inoa me Lev Vygotsky. Books nä känaka 'epekema i kēia mau paʻi, paʻiʻia kona kikoo a me sketches, ka Ikepili o ka i hōʻike mai ana i ikaika a me ka palapala a pau i kona mau manaʻo' ana a me nā mea kuka.

Vygotsky mau haumana i ka haaheo o ke aupuniʻike manaʻo, a fruitfully ulu i kona mau manaʻo. I ka 2002, ua paʻi i ka puke o ke nä känaka 'epekema "ʻike manaʻo", i i merged kona kumu o noiʻi i loko o ka walaʻauʻana lālā o ka' epekema, e like me mau, ka nohona, lapaʻau, ʻike manaʻo, a me ka developmentalʻike manaʻo. I kēia lā, i kēia hōʻike aʻo i ka ke kumu o ka aina o kulanui no a pau.

Personal ola

Like kekahi nä känaka 'epekema, Vygotskiy Lev Semenovich,ʻike manaʻo no ka a ua lilo ia i mea o ke ola, ka hapanui o kona manawa i ka hana. Akā, ma Gomel ia iʻikeʻia Manao iho wahine, a ma hope wahine - Rose Noevna Smekhova. Ke mau noho i ka pōkole ola pu - wale nō 10 makahiki kahiko, akā, ka mea, ua hauʻoli i ka mare. Ka hui, he mau kaikamāhine: ka Gita a me Asya. Ua liloʻepekema, Gita Lvovna - he psychologist a me ka kino, Asya L. - biologist. Hoomau iho la lakou manaʻoʻikeʻana haumāna a me ka moʻopuna wahine - Elena Evgenevna Kravtsova, ka mea e mau poo i ka Institute o kaʻike manaʻo ka inoa ma hope o kona kupuna kāne.

Ka pau 'ana o ke alanui i

Back ma ke kakahiaka nui 1920s Lev Vygotsky ano tuberculosis. He lilo i ke kumu o kona make ana i ka makahiki 1934. Nä känaka 'epekema a ka pauʻana o nā lā, a hoomau iho la oia i ka hana i ka lā hope o kona ola mai la: ", I makaukau au" Ua huikau nā makahiki hope o ke ola ana o ka psychologist he maka aha ao a puni kona hana. Pōʻino e hiki mai repression a me ka hoomaau, no laila, make ae la ia ia i ka pale hopu, a ua mālama i kona ohana, mai reprisals.