Macrophages - He aha ka keia?

Macrophages - He aha ka mea a pau? A ho okumu? He aha ka mea i kuleana i loko o mākou kino? Kēia, e like me ka pono me ka helu ana o kēia mau nīnūnē, a e e mai la i loko o ka 'atikala.

kekahi mau 'ike

Mononuclear phagocytes (a macrophages) - o ka pae o ka lōʻihi-ola aeee i ka mea hiki ke phagocytosis. Ka mea, i loa he wahi lihi iki o na hiʻona i hana ia like i neutrophils. Like macrophages - e hana aku i komo i loko o ka luna 'hoʻoʻino a me ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane, kahi e hana like secretory keena. Pehea e lakou i hana? Macrophages, e like neutrophils ma diapedesis haʻalele i ke koko a me ka olalo, e hele ma kona ala - e kūhōhō i loko o ke koko. Akā, ka mea i kauohaia i loko o nā nā'aʻaʻa. Ma hope iho o ia mea, he loli → monocyte macrophages. A i loko o ka wahi o ka hōʻeaʻana, e hana lākou i kā lākou kekahi oihana, a hilinaʻi ma ka anatomical wahi. Ua pili ia i ke akepaʻa, maʻiʻaʻai, iwi ka lolo a me ka spleen. Ma ia mea e e hana i loko o ka wehe 'ana o nā palapala (particles) a me microorganisms mai i ke koko. Ma ia mea, hiki "huli"? Kupffer keena a me mikroglievskie, alveolar macrophages, macrophages, spleen, lymph aka wahi, iwi lolo - i ka mea a lakou i hoopahaohao.

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Ma macrophages, e ia i ke kino o ka papa kuhikuhiE oihana elua i ka a ua hanaʻia e nāʻano:

1. Ke kāpaeʻana corpuscular antigens. Ua Ua hoʻoili i loko o laila,-kapaia "oihana" macrophages.
2. Omo, aaioee a me ka hōʻike o ka antigen i T keena. Mau hana i ka hanaia ano aic. Kēia ka ho'ēmiʻana Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma muli o ia i ka inoa lōʻihi o ke kumuhana anakahi iki - antigen-ka hōʻike keena.

I ka wā o ka iwi nä lolo o ka promonocyte i hana makua ho okumu mea oi loa aku hoi i ka hailona o ia haule (a mai hoʻokaʻulua ma laila) i loko o lymphocytes. Macrophages lōʻihi manawa e hana i ko lakou functionality aie i ka mea i ia mea lōʻihi-ola aeee i i ulu mitochondria a me ka hoʻonaninani endoplasmic reticulum pono.

E heluhelu hou e pili ana i na hana

No laila, ua ike no ia, e like neutrophils, macrophages haʻalele i ke koko, a hoʻomaka i ka hana i kekahi mau oihana. I mau, a me ke ano nui mākou i kūkā mai mamua. Ano, e ka noonoo i ka oi scrupulously ma mua o ka mea hana. Penei, ka mea, i phagocytosis, paka nā'ūhū, nā polokina, sera, prostaglandins, o oxygen radicals, cytokines, leukotrienes. Eia hou kekahi, macrophages i kekahi ke komo a me ka secretion o'ākilikai protease,ʻakika hydrolases, lysozyme, arginase, he iiiaanoaa o'ūhū nā mea kūpale, nucleoside a me cytokines. I hoomaikai ia ia ua hua mai la ia e kū'ē i oxygen? Ueony, arachidonicʻakika. A me ka macrophage - ia mea he ololi ho'ā 'ia paha chemokines platelet. It E e kaulana lākou kūlana ma o ka make ana o kaʻeho keena, a me ka luku ana o intracellular parasites. Ma ka hope, i ko lākou kūlana mea loa nui. Macrophages hiki merge i loko o weliweli aeee i mea ma lalo o ka aoao o Anati-cyclones huli i granulomas. Oia ho okumu ana o lakou aloha ia i ka nui o ka hua interferon gamma.

'ōnaehana paleʻea kūlana

Akā, e nō e uku ai i ke kaua e kū'ē i protozoa, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me koʻohune mea ola i loko o ka poʻe kaua aeee ka nui noonoo. Hoʻokō mea aie a hiki i ke alo o bactericidal maomeka i uluhia e macrophages. Ua hiki aku i ka mea i ka mea, i kekahi o na hana mana nui o innate e hoʻonele. Akā, i ka ole a pau. Ka mea, ua pau i ka T, a B lymphocytes i komo i loko o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea pane. Eia hou kekahi, he mea hiki ole i ka nana i ka kūlana o macrophages i loko o ke hooeha hoola ana, hoʻopau o ka aeee e i ola ma hope iho o ko lakou iho, a ma ka kahua o atherosclerotic plaques. Ka mea, literallyʻai nā palapala oihana mua ma ko makou kino. Keia i ko lakou inoa. Ke'ī mai, ma o ka unuhi Lūkini o "macrophage" - ". Nui eʻai ana" he A ia E e kaulana ia mau keena He keu maoli he nui.

He aha nō i nāʻano o nā macrophages?

No ka mea, ua nānā hoʻonaʻauao i'aʻaʻa phagocytes, ma kekahi mau wahi o ke kino e hiki hālāwai i kekahiʻano o "nā loli". Inā hōʻole loa na mea a pau, ua noonoo, ka mea, i ka hailona o ka manawa, no laila, ka pulakaumaka e ia ma luna o ka loa nui ka poeikohoia, e like me:

1. Alveolar macrophages. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai, a ua hana i loko o ka huikalaʻana o ka lewa ana ma kela malicious a me contaminants.
2. Kupffer keena. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'o ke akepaʻa. ʻano nui komo i loko o ka make ana o ke kahiko koko keena.
3. Gistotsity. Lakou noho ana ma ka connective nā'aʻaʻa, no laila, e hiki ke loaʻa ma ke kino. Akā, ka mea, ua pinepine haawi ia ia e like me "unreal" ma macrophages aie i ka mea i ka mea, e hoʻoili i loko o ke kahua o ka haka ai no ka hapanui o ka hale o ke kino,ʻaʻole like me ka make ana o na palapala oihana mua.
4. Dendritic keena. Lakou noho ana ma ka epithelium a me ka submucosal.
5. Splenocytes. Ka mea, i loko o sinusoidal ipu koko o ke kino, a ua hana ia ma ka ka loaʻaʻana a me ka luku ana o obsolete kou koko keena. He mea känalua 'ka spleen i kapaia ka graveyard o make ulaula koko keena.
6. Peritoneal macrophages. Lakou noho ana ma ka peritoneum.
7. Macrophages o ka lymph aka wahi. Where ka mea ola, ka mea, ua maopopo ia mai ka inoa.

ka hopena

Ua huikau mākou kino. Ua noho ana ma keʻano o ka mea pono keia mau keena, a e ko kakou mau ola maʻalahi. Ka mea, e isklyucheniemi macrophages. Eia naʻe, i kekahi manawa, ka mea e ole i lawa ka hoao ana e hana i ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana hana i pono ai. A i ka wā i kekahi kanaka i maʻi. Akā, no ka nui pomaikai o ko mākou'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i kaʻoi loa ia ka mea hiki ke hakuloli i.