Marx, Engels. Ke philosophical manaʻo Karla Marksa a me Fridriha Engelsa

Aneiai moʻolelo hiki ole ke noonoo me na kii me Marx, Engels. Ka mea, lawe mai la i kekahi nui na makana i na wahi o ka 'epekema ike. I ka Ia manawa, i ko lakou na makana i loa ai nui, no laila, he nui ke kālā no nā manaʻo a me nā nenoai muli ma ka palapala i ka manaʻo nui o kēia mau kānakaʻepekema nui.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx i hānau i loko o Germany. He He He poe akeakamai, sociologist, economist, ka manaʻo politika kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa a me kaʻeleu lehulehu huahelu. Marx, Engels, iʻikeʻia no lākou aloha a me ka like wale. Karl Marx ua i ke kolu o ke keiki i loko o ka ohana loio o ka Iudaio hanauna. I ka makahiki kakahiaka nui ke keiki aʻo ma grammar kula o Friedrich-Wilhelm, a me ka 17 makahiki, puka 'o ia mai ia. I ka (essay) i kākau ai i ke kanaka wale i nā kānaka hana no ka pono o na mea e ae, ke lilo ia i mea nui io no. No ka puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, Karl ukuʻo ia,ʻo ia i helu i ka Kulanui o Bonn meʻaʻohe pilikia, a laila, hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka Pelelina kula o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. I ka makahiki 1837, Charles malū mai kona mau mākua ho'āpono pū i kona loira o kona kaikuahine e - Jenny av Westphalen, ka mea koke lilo ia i wahine nāna. Ma hope o ua noho mai ke Kulanui a me ka doctorate, ua neʻe akula ia Bonn.

I ka makahiki mua o ka mea, ua leʻaleʻa o Karl Hegel ka manaʻo, a ua he idealist oiaio. nui mai, aʻo ia,ʻo ia hoomaikai mahalo i nā hana o Hegel, ana, nae, i ka mea, he mea nui kani nākolokolo. Carl makemake e lilo i Kumu o ka kālaiʻike, a? Oaony e kākau i ka hana o ke Karistiano nō, akā, ke ola hoʻoholo ole. Ke naoh o ka moku'āina kulekele o ke koi Marx, e lilo i kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa. E hana i keia oihana hōʻike i kekahi kanaka opiopio, oia ua loa nāwaliwali ma o ka hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina. Kēia hanana ua paipaiʻia iā ia e 'Imi lawe i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o kēia pukana.

Ka houʻana o Karla Marksa Ua pili me ka nui no hoi na aina e, e like me ke aupuni ho'āʻo e lure ia ia i kā lākou mauʻaoʻao. Ma muli naʻe o nā mea a pau mau ana, ua mau nō i ka hana oolea, ka mea, ua hoihoi 'ia iā ia. He palapala iho la i kana hana, akā,ʻaʻole kela kanaka keia kanaka ke kala aku. Nui kākoʻo a me kākoʻo lilo hui Friedrich Engels no ia.

Engels

Ke German poe akeakamai, kekahi o na kumu nui Mamua o Marxism, Friedrich i hānau i loko o ka ohana lole Hookah. hoahanauʻewalu a me na kaikuahine He ia, akā,ʻo ia, ua i ka hohonu aloha wale ia Maria ka kaikuahine. Ke keiki i hele ai i ke kula i ka 14 makahiki, a laila, hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka gymnasium. Manaʻo koʻikoʻi o kona makua kāne ka mea, he e pakele ke kula e hoʻomaka i ka hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kuai. I loko nō o kēia, i ke kanaka ana hoʻolimalima i correspondent. ka mea, he la no hoi e hoʻolaʻa kekahi makahiki o ko lākou mau ola e lawelawe i loko o Pelelina. Ua ua i ka hanu o ka hou lewa, no ka mea, i ke kanaka opiopio ke kipa kona hana hoihoi haʻi'ōlelo ma akeakamai. Ma hope iho o ia Engels hana ma London, ma ka hola o kona makua kāne. Kēia kahua o ke ola i ka mea e ke kanaka opiopio, ua kaumaha imbued me ke ola ana o na hana.

Ma waho aʻeo ia mau hana me Karl Marksom Fridrih kakau iho la kekahi mau hana, a i kaheaia ke kumumanaʻo o Marxism: "Dialectics o Nature" a me "Anti-Dühring".

Ka mua ami hana

Aloha a me ke kākoʻo '-hana o Marx, a Engels hoomaka lohi akā, he i ka wā e ola ana. Ka mea, e hoʻokele i ka hana i kekahiʻano o ke kiʻekiʻe-kbps pepa, a hiki i kēia lā i ole nalowale kona pilina. A, i ka manaʻo o nā kānakaʻepekema i 'Imi hoʻohana ma na spheres o ka lawelawe ola.

Ka mua mau pilikia i ka mau hoa i ka (essay) "Ka Hemolele Family". Ma ka mea, elua'ē aʻe symbolic hoʻokaʻawale aʻe au ano laulea me kona nehinei edinomyshlennikami- Young Hegelians. Ka lua o ka olelo hana i ka "German Ideology". Ma ka mea, nana aku laʻepekema ma ka mōʻaukala o Kelemania, mai ka materialistic wahi o ka Hawaii. A hiki i ka pā Eia naʻe, i kēia hana i ka puke moʻolelo ano wale. A no loko mai o ka palapala o kēia mau a me nā hana,ʻepekema i hele mai ai i ka hopena i ka mea i makaukau e hana i kekahi olelo hou - Marxism.

Marxism

Ke aʻo a Marx, a Engels ua hanau ia ma ka hapa mua o ka 40-ies o ka XIX kenekulia. Nā kumu o kēia mau manaʻo, he mau: ka mea, o ka wehewehe ana o ka hana ana, a me ka noʻonoʻo loi o Hegel ka kālaiʻike, a uaʻoi aku ko lākou pono, a me ka hou akeakamai discoveries i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o ka ike. Marx, Engels unuhi ae la oia i ko lakou mau manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē a me ka manaʻo o English pili aupuni hoʻokele waiwai, panina Kelemānia kālaiʻike, Palani socialism, utopianism. Eia hou, i kekahi e underestimate ole i ke kūlana o ka 'epekema discoveries e i hanaia i ka ia manawa: i ka loaʻa mai o ka halepaahao, i ke kānāwai o ka mālama o ka ikehu, ka evolutionary pähola' o Charles Darwin. Maoli ai, ka K'lauea kākoʻo o Marxism ua Karl Marx, a Friedrich Engels, akā, i hana ia e noʻonoʻo i ka polokalamu manaʻo o kona manawa, lawe wale i ka mea maikai a me ka wa pono ka naʻauao i hala.

"Ka Communist Manifesto"

Kēia hana i ka piko, kahi i loaʻa ai ka manaʻo o Marx, a Engels ka loa vivid 'ia. Ka puke wehewehe ka pahu hopu e ukuhi i ka epekema i hoʻohana a me ka pilikia wāwae i hele ai i ka Communist Party. Nā kākau o ka hana e olelo aku i ka mea a pau mōʻaukala o ka hala manawa ua muli ma luna o ka papa paio ana o ka heluna kanaka. No hoi, ua hoike aku au haʻi kānakaʻepekema i capitalism e make ma ka lima o ka proletariat, i ku e mai e ku e ia hewa, e hana i kekahi kaiāulu me ka papa a me ka papa.

A māhele nui o ka puke ua hoolilo i ka noʻonoʻo loi e ku pono ana a me ka feria-akeakamai theories i mea ole maoli hoapanoiaʻi. No hoi, ua ho'āhewa aku i ka "ino" Communists ka mea, me ka delving i loko o ka pā like o ka manaʻo, e hohola i ka manaʻo o ka waiwai. Hoi, Marx, a Engels Ua kuapo i ka mea i ka Communist Party aole e hookomo ana ia ia iho ma luna o 'ē aʻe, akā, hiki ke kākoʻo kekahi ana kauoha aku i ke kanawai a me ka nohona pili aupuni kauoha.

Karl Marx, "Capital"

"Capital" - o ka papa kuhikuhi hana Karla Marksa, a hōʻike mai i ka hopena maikaʻi, ao ke ano o ka capitalism a criticizes hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina. Kēia hana i kākau hoʻohana 'ana i ka dialectical materialist hoea mai, i? Ac? Mua e Marx, a Engels.

I kana hana, Marx loa wehewehe ia capitalism e pau. He hōʻike pū ma ka au mamuli o ka kumu i alakai ai i ka make ana o keia kahua. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i hoʻokomo' ia capitalism mea e holumua ai, e stimulates ka hooulu ana o hoʻomāhuahua ai koa. Eia hou, ua ulu ka nui māmā ma mua o ka mea o lalo o capitalism, i mea hana no na ano o ka hui ana o? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia puan mai i ua loaʻa ka ulu ana keia ma ka weliweli hao ana kumu waiwai, e like me ma ka ka hanaʻino o ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻomāhuahua ai me ikaika - kanaka waiwai. He pū maka mai ia capitalism hiki aku ai i ka haoʻa i kūpono 'ana o nā lālā, hoʻokaʻuluaʻana he nui loa na hana.

Eia hou kekahi, capitalism mea i kue i ka pilina ma kūkuluʻia ma luna waiwai. kanaka hana ua lilo hou de minimis. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, o ka hooulu ana o ka capitalism pono he pulakaumaka ma nui hana. Pela, ke proletariat ua lilo i kekahi, he pono ole e kaukaʻi pūʻali koa, ka hana koa, i ka mea i koho akā, e pili ana i nā hua'ōlelo o ka haku hana. Oia ke kahua hana i ke kanaka i loko o ke kaʻa, a ua hoʻohana 'ia e kūkulu i ka voracious kanaka nunui holoholona - capitalism.

Karl Marx, "Capital" a i Ua flagrantly defiant i ka manawa, hapai ae la, alahula mau mana ma luna o nā manaʻo o nā tausani o ka poʻe i lilo i kona mau ukali.

Ka papa kuhikuhiE i ka manaʻo nui

Friedrich Engels, o kona palapala i alakaʻi ai i ka Outlook o Marx, hana ma ka huipūʻana me ka hope mau kumumanaʻo, e like me ua poe hui nei e hoʻomōhala e like me kekahi mau kānāwai. Kēia ao meaʻaʻohe wahi no ka manaʻo o ke capitalism. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo o philosophical hana hiki e ua kālaiʻia like penei:

• i ka manaʻo o ko ke ao nei, i mea e pono ai i ka noonoo, e like me ka hana ana i ka kālaiʻike, akā, e hoʻololi ia;
• hoʻokoʻikoʻi ma luna o mea hiki haʻawina like me ka holoʻana ikaika;
• i ka manaʻo i mea e hoʻoholo i ike ;
• hoʻolele mokulele proletariat a me ka kālaiʻike like mea manuahi oihana mua;
• i ka manaʻo o aneiai mokuāhana ma ka ke kanaka;
• ikaika manaʻo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hookahuli ana o ka capitalist mea.

materialism

Marx, Engels ua kālaiʻia i ke kumumanaʻo o dialectical materialism, i mai nei ua mea mea iniiaiie a wale ma hope o ka ike paka i aicieeaao. No hoi,ʻepekema i hōʻike 'ekolu na kanawai o dialectics: ka ke kuʻikahi, a me ka paio ana o ku pono ana, ke hoʻololi mai laupaʻi e qualitative loli, ka negation o negation.

Epekema hoi aku nei au i ke ao nei ka knowable, a me ke ana o kona knowability nānā 'ana i ka nui o ka lawelawe ola a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie. I ka rula o ka? Acaeoey moe i loko o ka paio ana o kū'ē manao a me ka manaʻo, me ka hopena o ka a he mea oiaio. Ua uku nui noonoo ana i ka pili o ke akeakamai a me ka pā ao ana o ke kanaka, ma o ka kekahi lima, a me ka pilina nenoai - ma ka 'ē aʻe. Ke materialism o Marx, Engels ka lawe 'ana a me ka mau, e kulia i ka ole nui ma luna o kēia kānakaʻepekema. I ka like o nā hana o kēia mau kānakaʻepekema mea he pono i loko o nā kulanui, no ka mea, e maopopo i ka mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ka hope kenekulia me ka manaʻo o Marx, a Engels mea,ʻaʻole hiki.

hualoaʻa

Summing mai, ka mea e e mai la oia i ke kumumanaʻo o Marx, a Engels i ole lawe i ka dictatorship o ka proletariat, ka hope loa pahuhopu, ka mea i manao ia e wale he malumalu ke kahua. Ka hope loa manaʻo i ke kū'ē lula, mai kekahi ano o ka hanaʻino a ke kanaka ma ka ke kanaka. Marxism ua he lōʻihi ala o? Acaeoey hala. Ua kōkua i ka mua mai a kālailai i ka mōʻaukala a me ka? Aneiai hanana he nui, a hiki i keia la. No laila, o ka nui o nā manaʻo o Marx, a Engels mea invaluable ke kaiāulu.