Mea i kūʻaiʻia i loko o ka hue ili o winemakers, brewers a me chemists:'ōpala ulu kū i ke au

Ka mua 'ē aʻe, ka mea begs e pane i ka ninau o ka mea ua kuai lilo aku i loko o ka hue ili, kokoke pau loa ka ia - o ka waina.

ʻOiai ka Lūkini pinepine lawa e hōʻike vodka a me ka pia, ia ho aniani mole ke kālaʻe. Hope hoʻomanaʻo aʻela nō waiu hue, Ka Hānai Ā Huhu polutoralitrovye lemonade, hale Nine Inch i loko o ke ea, pua nānālā ka aila a me ka'ūheheʻe.

mōʻaukala kāʻei kua

No ka pūnaewele a me ka halihali ana i ka aila a me ka waina 'elele o ka wa kahiko maikai ana hoʻohana a me ka holoholona tehasa, a kālai laau ipu a me ka pālolo moku. Ke prototype o ke kēia hue i, o ka papa, ke kahiko o Aigupita amphora: vertical ololi ka poe ai oolea moku e lawe, a hoahu pu ka pia, a me ka waina, a me ka aila.

Aniani ipu no ka pūnaewele o ke kinowai, ua noi aku ma mua o ekolu tausani makahiki aku nei (1700 BC. E.). Aniani pahu i ka pōaka kāpili ma luna. Ke kaʻina hana i ua huikau, manawa-hoopauia'na a me lengthy. A wale laila, ia ia i invented e ka blowpipe (1-2 kenekulia BC. E.), ke kaʻina lilo maʻalahi. Na Romans E ke Kumu i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke aniani huahana, ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kinona a me ka 'auhau o ka moku.

Ma hope o ke kenekulia 13th Venetian haku 'atikala i kela kapa mai o ka aina, a hoomaka ae la e koi mai'ō a'ō, ma laila i ka pono, e hoahu, a amo ke kinowai,ʻaʻole ka mea, ua hala loa brittle.

Ma ka 17th kenekulia Pelekāne Palapala Sila Nui umu no ka lanahu o ia kī. ua lilo ka ikaika i loko o ka umu ahi aniani huahana Ua i hiki kī pūʻana o ka pouli hue. Winemakers koke ike keia, a, me, koke Palapala Sila Nui i ka hue mua o ka waina (1661, England).

No ke aha aniani?

Nā pono o ke aniani ma ke alo o ka lepo e ahuwale: kiekie ae abrasion ia'ku, haʻahaʻa brittleness, kokoke e piha mäliko. High transportability nae nike manufacturing kaʻina (mīkini no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke aniani i Palapala Sila Nui i ka 1901) Ua lilo Hoʻohaku i loko o ka laha o ke aniani. Hygienic, oluolu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe, i kekahi pa apŘ a me ke kala - kēia mau pono i pākuʻi i ke poʻo kumu a mea, a me ka aniani'ōpala ua lilo ia i mea paʻa mau.

Mea i kūʻaiʻia i loko o ka hue ili o ke aniani winemakers i keia la?

Palapala Sila Nui no ka hue waina, mai ka 17th kenekulia i ole undergone nui loli.

Ka Bordeaux mole loa hanohano a me ka nuipa a noonoo, ka mea hiki ke eaaei ike e ka kiʻiona a me ka poohiwi o ka concave lalo. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka hoopiha ana i kaʻulaʻula, a keʻokeʻo waina.

No ka Burgundian hue wehewehe aku ma ka ihona hene mau poohiwi, keia mea i ka lua o ka nui loa aniani ipu no ka waina.

Huki mai i ka omole o ka Burgundy i kapaia "ohe", ka mea i mua hookuu ma Germany.

Ka mole kaulana o sparkling waina i invented (ma ke kaʻao, ka hoʻohua o sparkling waina "nā haʻawina Perignon") mōneka Pierre Perignon. A hiʻona o keia'ōpala o ka pā kona mānoanoa, a me ka kuikawā capping ke kaupaonaʻana lalo.

Ipu no ka vodka a me na uhane

Iloko o ka Soviet wā i nā kānaka o ka'āina mai i haha akuʻoluʻolu ma luna o ka brevity o ka i manaoia ano o ke aniani, ma ka a, e ninini i ka vodka, brandy a me ka lama. vodka ke kuai i hoʻonohonoho ma ke kua o ke aniani ipu: ka heluna kanakaʻino hue ia, a laila e holoi ai lākou i ka i 'ae', i ma ka kūikawā holoi machines, wale ma hope mea hou i ka mole piha me ka vodka. Typical ipu he aniani moakaka a me ka pouli uliuli hue - 0.5 hano, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 0,25.

I keia la ka e hana me ka vodka nā hoʻohua, heʻe piʻoloke ihola ole wale i ke kū hoʻokahi o ka maʻiʻo a me ka inoa, akā, i ka palapala. Traditional aniani omole Soviet hele ma ke kapa alanui, e ae ana i ke kūpono 'ana o nā' ano apau loa manao me ka monogram a me ka lei i 'ae'. Loa pinepine,'ōpala i keia la negotiable.

Beer aniani a Ka Hānai Ā Huhu

Traditional ipu no ka pia ma hope pia Mug aniani hue ua manaoia e e: keʻokeʻo, aniani moakaka, omaomao, pouli eleele. Mamua o 1970, ka mea i koi ia e ke aniani no ka bottling pia.

hue i mai polyethylene terephthalate (Ka Hānai Ā Huhu) Ua lilo unconditional koho i ke aniani kaumaha. ke kaupaona ea moku no ka pia (a me nā nā mea inu) 0.5 L - 28 nā huna huina, a me ka aniani kaupaona 350 nā huna.

Manufacturers o Ka Hānai Ā Huhu hue i ka pono o kēia ipu nā he haʻahaʻa lilo, a me ka nanea o ka pēpēʻana, a me aesthetics, a me ka recyclability.

Keakea o Ka Hānai Ā Huhu pahu waihona

Ke'ākeʻakeʻa waiwai o Ka Hānai Ā Huhu o na huewai ili mai e ae ke kinowai, e waiho waho ma ka lōʻihi-makahiki nona iho. Kēia mea no laila, i ka uuku ka nui o ke kinoea nā lātoma (oxygen a me ke kalapona'okikene lua) ʻano wale komo iloko o ke kaula kiʻekiʻe hakakino kaumaha polyethylene 'ole. Aole mea ia i ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai no UV kukuna.

Nolaila, o ka waiwai o carbonated nā mea inu ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. Ma Germany, pia ma Ka Hānai Ā Huhu omole hiki wale ke hoʻohana i loko o elua pule. Wahi lulu Manufacturers i nui ke ahonui, - i no eha mahina.

Mea i kūʻaiʻia i loko o ka hue ili o Ka Hānai Ā Huhu, koe nae pia?

Ka poe "PepsiCo" mua, e hoʻohana i ka'ōpala i pahee kea. I ka 1974, ua kūkuluʻia ka hola no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Ka Hānai Ā Huhu-hue ma Novorossiysk i kēia poʻe.

I ka hana ana o ka hana ia i ka ipu ua manaoia kekahi o ka loa a me ka hanohano he pono: kiʻekiʻe huliʻo ia ka mea e hiki ai e loaa i kekahi hale hānai makahiki me ka palena haʻahaʻa waiwai kūʻai. About kaʻana like 'ana i ka lilo ana o na hue i loko o ke kumukuai hope loa mai nei keia: 90% o ka uku o ka mea pōhaku wai o ka lilo ana o ka pahu.

Ma Rusia i keia la Ka Hānai Ā Huhu koi, oiai e hoopiha mai ana i ka pau - a me ka haleʻuwī waiū huahana, nō mea kāhinu, a me Piʻihonua. No ka jelly a me nā mea kāhinu, maʻamau nona iho - 0.9-1 ho'āo ai. Hue Piʻihonua hookuu mai 0,1 hano a hiki i 1 hano.

Hue mea pōhaku i ka wai i loko o Rusia ka emi koi ma aniani ma mua i loko o Ka Hānai Ā Huhu. O ke kumu ho i ka seasonality o ka hokii, a me ka hoʻolaha stereotype kau i ka kŘpa a hou huahana no ka lehulehu Lūkini (mai ka makahiki 1990).

Hue i ka ea a me ka Aluminum, kahi a me ke kumu

I ka ninau: "He aha ka mea i kūʻaiʻia i loko o ka hue ili i ka ea" - i ka pane mea maopopo: ka hale Nine Inch, ala a me HW na hana.

He mea hiki ole ia i noonoo ai i ka lumi kuke me kekahi hue me kekahi zhirosmyvatelyami a me na kohu o removers. Nui koho o shampoos, gels, conditioners ma ka ea ole Aluminum omole mea, heʻe piʻoloke ihola.

Ulia kaʻa a me ka? Ieoaeunoai pena, enamels kohler hua mai ma Manufacturers ole wale i ka nui ipu, akā, no hoi no ka nuipa a market i loko o ke ea ipu.