Mea Maluna o kanaka ami. Mea Maluna o ami i loko o ka 'ole

Ami i kapaia Mobile huahelu o ka iwi likeʻole. A ano likeʻole, mai nā ano o ka hoʻohuiʻia i ka likeʻole hehee wale i loko o ka iwi 'ole o ke kanaka kino o ke alo aku o kekahi mau lua piha me ka wai. Kēlā me kēia ami ninoieo o kekahi mau māhele.

• cartilage (hyaline ke ole i huiʻia me ke kino mandibular iwi) ili;
• mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku;
• lua;
• synovial loli.

Ke mau manaʻo o ke kanaka ami

Ka mānoanoa o ka cartilage, ahu iho e hoano e mai loa lahilahi, ma kahi o 0.2 mm o manoanoa lawa i ka - ma kahi 6 mm o. Ua nui like me ka nānā 'ana i ka hana e haawe ma ke ami. Ka nui i ka manaʻo koikoi, a me kona ka hoʻoneʻe, ka pūhaka hyaline ili honua.

Mea Maluna o kanaka ami komo ai ka mahele ana i ia mau mea i loko o kekahi mau kuokoa pūʻulu hōʻike 'ano like hoailona. Aia i kaʻoʻoleʻa:

• ma ka helu o nā surfaces - poe noonoo ole, eiiieaen, hui, noniakahi;
• ma kuapo lipi - uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial;
• kinona - paukūʻolokaʻa, trochlear, helical, ellipsoidal, condylar, noho lio, spherical, i lalo;
• i ka manawa kūpono o ka neʻe.

Keʻano o ka pu malu ana

Ke Kula Kaiapuni 'cartilage' ilikai e hana interconnected, hoakaka pono io a me ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka 'ole o ka hui. Mea Maluna o ka ami (nānā i ka papaʻaina ma luna o'anatomia) e leie aku oe e lawe mai i ko lakou mahele i loko o alodio, eiiieaen, me ka hui pu, luna '.

Simple - wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ka cartilage surfaces elua, a i ka mea, e hana e elua a oi iwi. E like me ke kumu, keena lālā ami: phalangeal a me na pulima oʻu. I ka mua o ia ua hanaʻia o nā iwi. Ka lua - Ua oi huikau. Kekahi ili o ka na pulima oʻu mau mea i ke kumu o ka pono o na iwi ekolu o ka proximal carpal lālani.

Eiiieaena - i hanaʻia o ka ekolu a oi surfaces, waiho i loko o kekahi mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. I mea, ia mea he mau mea ami, hiki ke hana pū lāua, a kaawale. No ka laʻana, ke kuʻekuʻe aku ami i ka poe a pau eono surfaces. Ka mea, kuahene ekolu kuokoa hui i loko o ka hoʻokahi mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku.

Kekahi mau ami i loko o ka 'ole, ma ka hou ana i ka papa, i nā manaʻo, e like me nā pā a menisci. Mea Maluna o ka ami pili ia ia e like me ka luna '. Nā pā kaʻana like i ka ami lua i loko o nā māhele, pela ho okumu i kekahi "palaoa" e pili ana. Menisci mea o ka palapala i crescent. He mau manao maalea hoolako laina e pili ano o cartilage i loko o ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku pili i kekahi i kekahi.

Mea Maluna o ami i loko o ka 'ole allocates e like me ka mea i hoʻohuiʻia. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i mau hookaawale pili' o Randy, i kuokoa, ke hana wale nō i kahi hookahi. hiki ke kapa A typical mamuli o ia synergism ka akau a me ka lima hema temporomandibular ami.

rotatable

Olelo i huiʻia i ke ano maoli, a me ka nui ala o ka iwi o ke kanaka iwi kakou mau kuko. Biomechanical kuapo ia lŘlŘ e pili ana i koʻi lipi e hiki e mau. Iwaena o lakou i vertical, sagittal a me ka transverse. Mea Maluna o ami ma luna o ka muli o ka hōʻike 'kekahi mau? Ueo.

• Uniaxial - i ka hookahi (axis) o ke kuapo. No ka laʻana, ka mea interphalangeal ami ae flexion a me ka hoʻolōʻihi 'ia' ana o nā manamana lima a me nā neʻe e ole e hiki.
• Paepae komo huila -ʻelua o nā koʻi lipi o kuapo. A typical kumu hoʻohālike o ka na pulima oʻu ami.
• Triaxial - ana i ka hiki a pau Kekoa - poohiwi, hip-ami.

Keʻano o nā 'ano apau loa

Mea Maluna o ami ma nāʻano mea he nui. Kēlā me kēia e pili ana i evolutionarily pono, e emi i ka haawe ana, a hoonui i ka hana ikaika.

• Paukūʻolokaʻa. Ua loaʻa he hookahi (axis) o ke kuapo - lonikū. He hana hoihoi i loaʻa nā paukūʻolokaʻa ami me ka paʻa-oaio? A puni i revolves ke apo (Atlanta-Axis), a me ka hope versa, e like me ia ma ka radioulnar ami.
• Ginglymoid - uniaxial ami. Ka inoa o ka pololei determinant o kona 'ole. Kekahi ili i ka waihona meli kinona, a ua hui me ka lua o ka Groove cartilage, ma ia ho okumu i ka laka (interphalangeal ami).
• ʻoni iho. Hoʻokahiʻano ginglymoid pilina. Ua loaʻa kekahi paepae komo huila, a he hou helical offset. Lakou i mea hoike o ke kuʻekuʻe aku.

• Ellipsoid - ke ka ao ma luna o nā koʻi lipi - vertical a me ka sagittal. Honua i loko o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona nō flexion, mailaila aku, a me ka adduction abduction (na pulima oʻu ami).
• Condylar. Biaxial ami. Kona helehelena mea kupaianaha cartilage ikaika convex ili ma kekahiʻaoʻao, a i lalo ma ka 'ē aʻe. Ma hope o ka uuku kaumaha hiki ke malama. Ka loa e nānā hoʻohālike - ke kuli ami. Mea Maluna hōʻoia a me nā hui condylar shape. No ka laʻana, temporomandibular ami.
• Noho lio. Ua Ua hanaʻia e nā surfaces - convex a me ka concave. I hana i ke ami ua hiki ke neʻe ma nā koʻi lipi - ka frontal a me ka sagittal. A Kuhina Nui hoʻohālike makemake e he metacarpal-phalangeal hui manamana nui.

Kekahi o ka loa nunui i loko o ke kino - na hip-ami. Mea Maluna kahea ia spheroidal. Ua loaʻa he ano shape. Honua ua lawe mai e like me ekoluʻokoʻa nā koʻi lipi. Kekahiʻano mea he spherical kīʻaha-hoʻokino ami. Ua loaʻa he haʻahaʻa ikaika hawewe o hiki ka neʻe 'ana.

Mea Maluna o ka iwi a me ka ami maopopo lākou mau papa ma ka Oihana. No ka laʻana, i ke kāʻei o ka lalo a luna lala, iwipoo, spine. Ka hope oia o nā iwi uuku - vertebrae. Ami ma waena o ia mea i lalo, AEeOEXAaI akā, hiki ke neʻe aʻekolu nā koʻi lipi.

Articular i huiia o ke kino iwi a me ka mandibular

Kēia mau mea i hoʻohui pūʻia me ka noniakahi. I ka neʻeʻana ia lŘlŘ ka poʻe ma ka akau a me ka hema. Ua hiki e kekahi iho (axis). Keia ua i hōʻoiaʻiʻo aku ma ka ka hoʻololiʻana o ka iwi ā lalo a hiki i ka māna a me ka olelo ana. olelo lua ua bisected e fibrous cartilage pā hōkū a i spliced i ka ami mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku.

Aching ami?

Ami i loko o ke kanaka kino i kekahi kuleana pili i nui - ana. A hiki aku ka mea, e ola, i ka ikaika hawewe o ka hana ua i ko lakou kupikipikio. Life ole like ka eha, a me ka discomfort mea nui oiʻoluʻolu ma mua me ia.

Aia i likeʻole maʻi o na ami. Mea Maluna i hookaawale ia i loko o nā pūʻulu o kekahi symptoms, kaʻina ka manaʻo pohihihi a me ka ano o ka pele (huʻi, subacute, maʻi). Pathologically kilakila:

• arthralgia (amiʻeha paa ole e yiaeaiiacaaeneiieʻano);
• arthritis (li);
• arthrosis (degenerative irreversible loli);
• congenital maʻi.

arthritis

A nui helu o nā maʻi lakou aloha i ka olua mea, ma o na la hoʻopilikia o ami kuleana pili i. Mea Maluna o ka arthritis allocates infectious, ole-infectious, traumatic a me nā (nā maʻi). A piha ka papa inoa o ka apono ia ma 1958 ma ka Ahaolelo Lahui o Rheumatology.

Infectious arthritis ec he nui pūʻulu o ka maʻi, he mea i ho'ākāka 'ia, kena ae la lethality ikeia laha' o pathogens, e like me ka tubercle bacillus, a evolutive. Pono nń hui maʻi ma ka mea kākau: Sokol-Buyo, spondylitis, Pua.

Ole-infectious arthritis mea no hoi i ka inoa o ka dystrophic. Ka mea ana loa pinepine, i ka etiology o ka loa like. I waena o nā kumu i ia makahiki-pili loli, i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole o? Aneie aʻe (hypothermia, excessive haawe ana), a me ka hormonal metabolic kāna hana (gout, thyroid maʻi, hemophilia a me kekahi poe e ae.).

Traumatic arthritis hoʻomōhala i kūmūmū trauma, nā palapū o ami. Eia hou, ka mea e ala mai no i hoʻolōʻihiʻia kamakawiwo ole.

A nui helu o ka arthritis ua pu ma nā maʻi i pili i ka musculoskeletal nenoaiu. Ua hiki ke komo a pau ami ma ke kaʻina - maʻi ano o ka psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis. Eia hou kekahi, arthritis kumu leukemia, kekahi mau maʻi o ia maʻiʻaʻai (sarcoidosis) , a me ka ua'emi nenoaia. Ke alakaʻi i kaʻapu kōheoheo kekahi pinepine ke kumu no ka degenerative kaʻina hana o na ami.

arthralgia

Pain, pili me ka hana ana o na ami ua kapaia arthralgia. Pūʻulu kona hōʻike 'ia nei hiki e superficial a hohonu, paʻa a? Aiaiiuo, he aha ka mea i kekahi a me kekahi mau hui o ka cartilage. Ka maʻi loa olelo e loli ai i ka nui ami ma ke kanaka kino: ke kuli, kuʻekuʻe aku, hip-. Uuku loli loa emi pinepine ia.

Arthralgia pinepine pu symptoms ma ka likeʻole ma o infectious maʻi, o ka oi aku 'ia me ka feverish ana. Ma kaʻike, o nā ano hoʻohana 'ia ana ka paa anamnesis. Keʻena hoʻokolohua noiʻi komo ai helu i ka helu ana o platelets i loko o ke koko, e like me nā ho'āʻo ma a me na pilikia.

arthrosis

Mea Maluna o ka ami, osteoarthritis pepehi iho at ia, i ole e kaupalena 'ia kā lākou hookahi paha me ka maopopo pūʻulu. I iho, i kēia maʻi, ua kaumaha lawa, no ka mea, ua pili i ka luku ana o cartilage. Ua hele aku ai i deformation o ami. Ua Ua hoao ia ka nui kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka arthritis aaiaoe predisposition Radio - nā kūpuna mai. Ka pilikia no kēia maʻi, he kanaka nona ka hana i 'ana e pili ana me ka ikaika e haawe ma na ami :. Hairdressers,' âlapa, O Keaukaha, etc. ke kumu i e ka lōʻihi-manawa hormonal kāna hana i loko o ke kino.

Congenital malformations o ami

Ke oolea o congenital malformations o na ami e loli iki ana mai mehana i ka loa. Hoomaopopo ai iiiaanoaa neonatal maʻi. Mau nā: arthrogryposis, pseudarthrosis mau pale, congenital dislocation o ke ki kala a me ka patella, Hip dysplasia, Marfan maʻi pale (autosomal maʻi).

Kāohiʻana o ka maʻi o na ami

Ma nā makahiki, maʻi o ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana ua ikaika rejuvenated. Inā mua o ka awelika makahiki o ka hoʻomanawanui iki mai ua o 55 makahiki, kēia manawa ka mea, ua paa ma 40.

E pale loa complications, a noho i ka lōʻihi ola ole? Aie? Aiiie lākou neʻe, ka mea, he pono ke kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka pono ola, a, e lawe mai 'āwīwī kāohi ka hoʻoponopono. Ua mea e kū kino ke kaupaonaʻana,ʻai, loa o kaʻinoʻano a me ka lōpū exertion.