Mikhail Kalatozov: Kawaihae, hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, kiʻi

Keia kanaka i hoike mai i kona kupaianaha talena i loko o kekahi mau manamana. He lilo kaulana me ka screenwriter, a me ke kau wela, a me ka Aʻole. Mikhail Kalatozov ia 'ihiʻihi hoʻolilo' ia ', i kekahi i ka mea nona o ka "leo" regalia. Ma ka mea, ua palapala he wahi lihi iki o ka 'atikala a me ka pepa (essay) e pili ana i na vicissitudes o kona ola wehe like ka nui me nā documentaries. He aha ua ka makakū ala o ka maestro? E hoomanao i keia ninau i hou au mamuli.

Biographical 'ike

Kalatozov Mihail Konstantinovich i hānau i loko o ke kapikala o Georgia December 28, 1903. Kona mau kūpuna, he mai he kahiko aliʻi ohana Amiredzhebi. Uncle o ka wā e hiki mai kau wela a hookauwa ae la oia i mau mai ke alii ia ia iho. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka waiwai Kalatozova pinepine kipa ma ka poeikohoia o ka kūloko intelligentsia, nana au i aloha i ke kamailio e pili ana i ka hopena o ka aina. Akā, laila, hele mai la ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, a i ka hoʻoponopono 'ana i ka hopena o ke keiki.

Ka hoʻomaka 'o ka hana

I ka 1917, Mikhail Kalatozov, kona Kawaihae, oiaio hewaʻiʻo kūikawā noonoo, hoomaka ae la oia e loaʻa i ke ola. He hana a me ka hana, a me ka hana, a me ka Keaukaha.

I ka 1923, he kanaka'ōpiopio hele ana i ka hana ma ka Kauhalenui Auana o Nuioka ma mua me ka Keaukaha, a laila, - i ka projectionist. Ikaika a me ke kuleana e pili ana i kekahi koke i ke kanaka'ōpiopio, a me ka manawa Mikhail Kalatozov kōkua pū ma luna o ka huapalapala. Ma hope o kekahi manawa ka mea i apono ia ma ka oihana o ka hoʻoponopono a me ka cameraman. I loko nō o kona hana ma ka Tbilisi o Nuioka ma, hoomaka ae la ua kanaka opiopio la i ka nana i kekahi mau hana, a i 'ole kahiko o ka'āina komo i loko o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Trial hoʻonui Kalatozova like me ka mea kākau i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "It O Tariel Mklavadze", pana aku la ia Ivanom Perestiani i ka makahiki 1925. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, Mikhail Kalatozov ua komo, a me ka mea kākau a me ka Aʻole i loko o ka "Gulli" pena, a "gypsy koko". Ma fairness ka mea, e ke kaulana i ua ole hoʻolimalima i ka mea nāna i hana o ka ho film kaulana "ka manu'ū, lele mai" nui hiʻona me ka Mea Keaka, hoʻowahāwahā i kona kono helehelena, akā, i kona directorial hana he nā kāwaha a me nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao. Mikhail Kalatozov, nona Film e undeniably hui pū i loko o ka aupuni waihonakala Cinématographe, no ka manawa mua, e hoao ana ia ia iho i loko o ka hou nona iho ma o ka pau ana o na 20s.

ka luna hoʻokele o ka 'oihana

Maestro Debut hana i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "ko lakou aupuni", aʻo ia ke kuhikuhi ma ka neʻepapa me Nutsoy Gogobiridze. Mua i loko o kēia kiʻi Mikhail Kalatozov hoomaka ae la e hōʻike uncut individualism, e pili ana kū hoʻokahi 'ole a me kau iho pana pua, ka hoʻokō' ana i ka i kā mākou no nā mea hana keaka realism i loko o nā huapalapala. I ka 1930 i ke kanaka hou o ia kekahi i kekahi mumule Auana i kapaia "Salt o Svaneti", a wehewehe e pili ana i ke ola o ka maopopo kaiāulu.

I ka filming Michael K. hoʻohana yoiia? Mea o ka Documentary Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo, oia ua hiki ia lakou ke ku imua i kekahi olelo i loko o ka loli ana o na manao, ana i kēia hana i mahaloʻia e ho film kiʻiʻoniʻoni like "maikaʻi".

Kino ana loli o ka maʻi lele

Ke au o ka noho malie mea hōʻike i nā la i mea ole, a me ka maestro mea,ʻaʻole koke hiki ke hopu hou LIKE i loko o ke akamai. Ka 1932nd Mikhail Kalatozov hana i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "ke kui i loko o kona kīpaku," akā, ke hana hele unnoticed i loko o ka pepeiao. Ke ole o ka ho film ka loa painfully Keokia mea kuhikuhi. He nō e haʻalele hana ma ka manawa ma ka huapalapala. Maestro hele e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka State Academy o Art, a ma hope lilo i ke poo o ka Tbilisi Central o Nuioka ma. Noho ana iloko o keia kulana, Mikhail Kalatozov (maoli inoa - Kalatozishvili) ua mea e hanaʻi nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka hōʻike kaʻina hana, ka hoʻouluʻana lako a pan a me ka hana ka lewa no ka hōʻike 'ia nei.

Eia naʻe, ua makemake ia HOU maʻaʻole loa hoʻi e na Aupuni a pau, a ma hope kekahi ana i hoopiiia no ka maestro "kanu i ka bourgeois modernism." Kalatozov hoouna aku i ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva.

Hoi mai i ka mea kuhikuhi

I ka 30 o ka hopena o ka maestro loaʻa hana ana ma ka "Lenfilm", a hoʻomaka pana i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "ikaika." I ka 1941 e hiki mai ana ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kekahi kiʻi o ka mea kuhikuhi - "Valery Chkalov". He mau Film hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i Soviet pailota, nolaila, i ka uhu ka pomaikai a me ka hoolohe. Ke kuka ana o ka ho film kiʻiʻoniʻoni e like Chkalov, akā, i ke kiʻi o ka protagonist pâʻani 'o ia ma ka Vladimir Belokurova lilo i kumu hoʻohālike e hahai.

Mikhail Kalatozov kona Hawaii photo ma hope o "Valery Chkalov" e kakau a pau o ka na nupepa, kono i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i pailota hana o ka hale hoʻokamakama nā mea hana keaka - Serafim Birman, Arkadiya Raykina, Mark Bernes. No emi kaulana maestro ua hoomakaukau "Invincible," ho film a lalau iho la oia ma ka par me ka mea kuhikuhi kaulana Sergei Gerasimov i ka 1942.

E hana wale aku

I ka 1943 kuhikuhi Mikhail Kalatozov e e hoolilo ana i ka hoʻomalu moʻomanaʻo a me ka hulina i hoouna aku ai i ka 'Amelika bourgeois. Eia,ʻo ia, e hana e like me ka mana 'elele o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Komite o ka Soviet hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Ua lulumi mai hopena, e pahu aku ai ia i ka hale hoʻokamakama Litsedeyami XX kenekulia - Kehaulani Chaplin, Jean Gabin, Anri Matissom.

Mai US maestro, e lawe mai 'enehana laekahi e pana Film, a e hoʻomaka i ma ka o Nuioka ma "Mosfilm". A laila,ʻo ia, e lawe no i ke poo o ka Main Keʻena Luna o ke akamai o ke cinematography, a laila, i ke kuleana lāʻau kū o ka Hope Kuhina o Cinematography o ka Soviet Union. Eia naʻe, ka luna hoʻokele Michael K. ha awina, e uku i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka noonoo.

Ka hoomau o ka hana e like me ka mea kuhikuhi

I ka 50-ies i loko o ka Soviet pale hōʻike kekahi ho film Kalatozova i kapaia "kipi o ka hoʻopaʻi" ma muli Wirth Radio. No keia hana, i ka maestro Ua hookoia ka Stalin uku. A lailaʻo ia i kona Auana "ʻenemi na puahiohio", a ua hoopihaia me ka mea kālai'āina mea hoʻomaoe. I ka makahiki 1954, ua puka 'o ia mai ke kau wela, e hana ma ka satirical Comedy "Pololei Friends", a ua nō aloha ma na wahi lulu hoolohe ana o ka mua o ka hanauna. A, o ka papa, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo kaawale Soviet blockbusters "ka manu'ū, lele mai", ka hanaia'na o ka a Michael K. hana i ka 1957.

Kēia humanistic moʻolelo o ka paio no ka maluhia ua lilo i Classic o ka Soviet hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni. I ka 1964, i ka hoolohe i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he "I - Cuba", ke kōmi'ōkuhi no a Kalatozov palapala aku me ka haku mele Evgeniem Evtushenko. Hope he mea hōʻike maestro ua "Ka Red halelewa" (1969). I ka holoholona hihiu o ka moʻolelo - i ka moʻolelo o ka hoʻopakeleʻana o ka Polar huakaʻi o Umberto Nobile.

Personal ola

Ke kaulana ho film kau wela, lanakila 'o ia i ka 1965 inoa o People ka Artist o Georgia, a ma ka makahiki 1969 - ka inoa o ko People ka Artist o ka USSR, i mare i ke kaikamahine a ke Kanikela o Italy Jeanne Valatsi. ma ka Holiday ma Batumi ko lakou mau makamaka, i wahi. Ma ka hopena o 20-ies o ka maestro ia ia he keiki George, ka mea hope hoomau i kona makua kāneʻana. Wahine koke ma hope o haawi loaa Keokia kupa ASSR. Eia naʻe, mare i ka haole, Mikhail Konstantinovich ma hope o ka manawa e hina: ka mea kuhikuhi i haʻalele Georgia, a me Jeanne a me kana keiki noho ma Tiflis.

E like me kana moopuna ia, Kalatozov, hoʻowahāwahā i ka anaʻe kaumaha a me ka ohana, ua hauʻoli i ke kanaka, no ka mea, ua hiki ke hoʻokō i nā mea āna i makemake ia mai ke ola. I ana ma ka'ākau kapikala, ka luna hoʻokele passionately i loko o ke aloha a me ka mea hana keaka Elenu Yunger, akā, ka mea i ole destined ia e pu. Michael K. make March 26, 1973, a ua kanu lākou iā ia i loko o ka Novodevichy ilina poʻo.