Mōʻaukala a me ka hoʻokumuʻo lā o Saratov

I ka moolelo o Saratov ua oi aku mamua o eha kenekulia. Iloko o keia manawa, ke kulanakauhale nui, mai ka mea uuku pā kaua i loko o ka Strelets mea he nui hanalima waena i loko o ka Volga māhele 'āina. I kekahi mau manawa ka mea, ua hoano e mau ale o ka heluna ka ulu ana: no ka Old manaoio, ka Kelemānia colonists nana i imi mai i ka ola maikaʻi o ko na kauwa. Saratov - uuku'āina o na mea he nui koʻikoʻi nō na kii o Lūkini mōʻaukala, a me ka tsarist Kuhina Nui lawelawe Petra Stolypina.

palena pāpū

E like me ka nui e maliuia mai hoohalike ana hoi, ua noʻonoʻo i ka la o ka hookumu ana o Saratov - July 12, 1590. City Ua i waho e like me ka pā, i nā Hawaiʻi i loko o ka hoʻoikaika nui o ka hema-hikina mokuna o Rusia. Nolaila o ka hana mau ana a me ka hooponopono ana o uie kekahi aina. Ka lā o ka hookumuia'na mai o ke kulanakauhale o Saratov coincided me kekahi poepoe o ke kuai kūpono 'ana ma luna o ka Volga ala.

Pakaua, a i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka laila underdeveloped kahakai o ka muliwai, o ka ke'ākeʻakeʻa ikaika e ku ei na Pilisetia o ka Nogai a me Crimean Tatars. Hoʻopōʻino nomads Hoʻokē akula ka tsarist aupuni kokoke ka poʻe kūkulu Samara, Saratov a me Tsaritsyn. A pau o kēia mau kūlanakauhale a ua i ka hoʻokumuʻo makua - Grigory Osipovich Zasekin. Fortifier akamai, inā pilikia ka haumāna luna a me ka hana, ai kukulu i kekahi o ka mea nui huahelu pili me ka consolidating mana i loko o Rusia ma ka Volga River. 1590 la (hoʻokumu ma Saratov) - ka lā, e nui i milestone i loko o kēia kaʻina. Aie i ka pā e hoʻokele e hookupaa nui ae i ka paʻa pilina a me ka haahaa ino i o ka luna ino i o ka Volga.

pā kaua Hiʻona

Zasekin hoʻoholoʻaʻole wale nō mea e ia i ka hoʻokumuʻo lā o Saratov, akā, i mea e ia i ka palapala wahi o ke kūkulu o ka pā kaua. Ka mea, i oluolu i kela kapa ma ka Volga River, Aia pono kahi hapa waena o Tsaritsyn ma Samara. Ma mua, ma ka lawelawe 'ana ana ma kahi o 300 poe pana pua. Next i ke kūlanakauhale o ka puu. Ua Ua hoʻohana like me ka pono anuu no ka nana ana i ka'āina kekahi mau kilomika puni.

Ke kulanakauhale Ua hoomaluia ole wale pakaua akā, i maoli nā pilikia: pali haahaa, muliwai, ulu lāʻau, oxbow o ic ??, kahawai, a he uuku loko. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka mokuna maoli Saratov ua gully. E ho'āʻo a me ka kulanakauhale e uhau ana. A hiki aku ka mea, ua i ka lā o ka hoʻokumuʻo o Saratov, ma ka mehameha wahi ma mua, he mau paia a me aaoaeuiuo auoae.

City servitors

I ka naʻau o ka mea hou hooponopono koke lilo Office kia'āina. He okoa ka iwilei pana iā ia,, na luna koa a me nā koa. Ke koena o ke kulanakauhale noho ana i nā hale o ka poʻe kālepa a me ka artisans. Service kanaka (a me na gunners) noho kokoke i ke kulanakauhale paia, no laila, i ka hihia o kaʻeleu koke, e hoomakaukau ai no ka hoakaka ana'ku o ke kulanakauhale.

Kaawale mai ke koena o ka hale, he mau pauka hale ahu, hale papaʻa a me ka berena, a me ka hale paʻahao. Ka loihi 'ole i ka ekalesia, i mimiki ma luna o ka mea'ē aʻe hale. Saratov ka hapanui kukulu o ka laau, i mea aha ua kekahi mau mea no ke ahi. No ka maluhia o ka poʻe i noho ma o ka Pottery a me metallurgical umu, he ma i hanau kahua. Holomua hoʻokumuʻo lā o Saratov a me na rula maoli o ka Lower Volga māhele ua ae ke kulanakauhale, e ulu hikiwawe loa. Aia he nui untouched wahi o ka momona aina, a me ka nui ia ia ka ai. Bortnye waiwai iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu kumu a me kekahi o Laielohelohe i ka hou noho.

Ke influx o ka heluna kanaka

Ma ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini colonization o ka Volga lā o ka hoʻokumuʻo o ke kulanakauhale o Saratov lilo nui i hoailona, i ukali ia e ka influx o nā meaʻeʻe moku a hiki i ka māhele 'āina i mahuahua me ka nui loa. Service kanaka i hele ma ka wao nahele, no ka pono o ka hou ka manaʻolana 'ia, a he kohu kūpono uku. Nā poʻe pana pua pu ma ke kalepa moku a me nā huakaʻi, 'īnea nei,ʻaʻole wale nō me ka nomadic Nogai, akā, i gangs "nä pöä' Cossacks, e powa ana poʻe kālepa.

Ua kohoia i hoʻokumu i o Grigoriy Zasekin kona kia'āina mua. He ua i ka malama ana o ke kulanakauhale ka ola holoʻokoʻa, a ua kuleana no ka uku o ka uku musketeers. Ke koena o nā lā o koa mea, ua hana iho la lakou ma ka horticulture, arable mahi a me na holoholona? Aneii. I kekahi nalu o ka poʻe i makemake e noho ma Saratov,ʻikeʻia i loko o ke kakahiaka nui XVII kenekulia, i ka wa a ka Lūkini moku'āina ola ke koko kanawai kaua, a Polish 'uao.

Ma ka Time o ka pilikia

E kū'ē i ka backdrop o ka weliweli o ke kaua, i ka poʻe i noho ma o Posada a me kauwa holo mai ka chaos o ka Central'āina ma ka Volga. Ka lā o ka ho okumu ana o Saratov - 1590, akā, ia mea ma hope o 20 makahiki ka mea, ua ulu i loko o kekahi maoli kulanakauhale ma ka lilo o ka i loko o hoʻoneʻe kanaka. I ka Ia manawa ka Volga pā hoomanawanui lōʻihi wale o ka kūloko Cossacks, i kauoha mai ai e likeʻole pretenders (e like Ileyka Muromets Ilya Gorchakov).

I ke kauwela o 1607, aia ua he hou hoʻoweliweli. A ka luna Ivan August ohi Cossack poe Tsaritsin pio, a nee i ka Volga. Saratov koa laila, kauoha Vladimir Anichkov Jam a me Saburov. Nā defenders o ka pakaua hooauheeia a pau ho'āhewa wale, a me nā koa i i i ae ia e komo i ke kulanakauhale.

hou ho'āʻo

Tsarevich Ivan allegedly holo aku la a hiki i ka Don, kahi āna i make i loko o ka pilikia a me ka poe koa o ka wahaheʻe Dmitry II. Saratov i pokole oki, e hoolohe i ka Moscow Aupuni - i ka mana e hopu i nā kākoʻo o kekahi pretender.

Soon ke ao e hiki mai ana, akā, i ka 1614 i ka hooponopono, ua loaa lakou i ka maoli poino. City puhi ai i ka honua. He nui nā kupa i make a me ka poe i ola holo aku la a hiki i Samara. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka hale kākela ua nō hoihoi hou ia. Kona hou coincided me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ke kupono mana ma Moscow (o ka noho aliʻi, i hooholoia i ka Romanov aliʻi).

Ke Volga māhele 'āina, ia manawa, hoomau iho la oia e ola i kona moku'āina ola, oki ae la ia mai ka nui kuko pili aupuni. Ke kumu nui hanana 'aneʻi i ka hana o ka hou mau wahi paa a (e like, kumu ikepili waihona ipu, o ka Saratov māhele' āina). Mōʻaukala o ka māhele 'āina i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, ua ikeia no ka hala loa sketchy. I ka 1636, o Adamu Olearius kipa Saratov - ke poo o ka German kauoha malu, haʻalele ia i kona kū hoʻokahi 'atikala e pili ana i ka laila Lūkini ola.

noho ka ulu ana

I ka 1674, ka wā Alexis, Ua hoʻoneʻe Saratov pā i ka hou henua kokoke Sokolova mauna. Iloko o ka Peresia kai eʻe ,ʻo ia kipa i ka Peter I. Saratov Base i lōʻihi Ua ma. Ano, o ke kūlanakauhale ua steadily e ulu ana a me ka ulu. Huakaʻi kaulana kona pololei alanui, a me ka waiwai Kūʻai arcades. Saratov lilo i ka piko o ka Pottery, manufacturing? Iecaianoaaiiuo, o ka mahi o ka hua liilii, o ka paakai. Ka haaheo o ka kūloko kanaka i Ua hola i ua hanaʻia taffeta, maloko a me anal. I ka 1774 i ke kūlanakauhale i hao i ka poe o Emelyana Pugacheva. Kona uprising ua manawa ma wāwae kona hope. Ua hopuia Ataman no ia haule kokoke Saratov.

Ka ulu ana o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka a puni mau kulanahale ua hoʻokumu landowners, nā luna a me nā poʻe kālepa. New kupa e hele mai a spontaneously. Mau nā kānaka eʻe'āina Uaʻauheʻe nā serfs o na konohiki. Aʻu i noho ai iiiaanoaa kaua kipi a puni Temple (e laʻa me, wā e hiki mai Hvalynsk). Ma ka waena o ka XVIII kenekulia, ka mea, ua noho no ka oi ma mua o 200 tausani kanaka i loko o ka Saratov māhele 'āina. I loko o kēia wā, hana ihola i ke kūlanakauhale i hou hooponopono poe e hana 'ole ma ka paakai? Iecaianoaaiiuo ma ke Lake Elton.

waena'āina a pau

Paha Saratov i keia la makemake ole e ai nui hooponopono, ina no ole Ana II kakauinoa ke kānāwai ma luna o relocation i loko o ka kūloko palena o na kuee. Old manaoio hoʻokumu na noho, me ke komo pu Balakovo a me Pugachev. Ka ulu ana i wahi ma Saratov ma ka hema-komohana, kahi hou eeuo mau mea ikea. I ka 1803, i ke kulanakauhale i kona mua hale kiaka. Ma ke au o Ana II, waikahe ka moku'āina konu me ka Kelemānia colonists.

I ka 1782 Saratov panalaau hea i hana. A makahiki 1850 e koe kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ka pau ana o Rusia. I Saratov a me ka puni i imi kanaka, mai ka Central Apana, kahi malaila mea he shortage o ka aina. Ma waho aʻeo ia Lūkini, a Kelemānia colonists noho i loko o ka māhele 'āina Ukrainians Mordvinians Tatars. E like me ka helu 1897, ma ka Saratov mokuna noho 2,5 miliona, a me keia huahelu loa 3 miliona ma ka Ewa o ka First World War. Ulu i papani ai wale no o ka hookahe koko ana, a me ka mahope upheaval. Ka heluna o Saratov He 242 tausani kanaka. Ka mea, ua ka nui kūlanakauhale i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa Volga māhele 'āina (hou Kazan, Astrakhan, Samara a me Nizhny Novgorod).

Saratov Stolypin

Ua nui na Hawaii ma Saratov a me ka puni i pili i Petrom Stolypinym (1862-1911), paha loa kaulana maoli o kona. Ke kaulana statesman Rotehama II au kekahi mau makahiki paa i ka oihana o ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina o Rusia. He ua i ka papa kuhikuhiE initiator o nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka wā o ka Tsarist Duma. Kona alanui e kālai'āina hoomaka iho la ma kona mau maoli Saratov - i ka 1903, ua hoonohoia oia i alii kiaaina ana o Saratov. I ka 1906, ua lilo Kuhina Kalaiaina, a haʻalele i ke kūlanakauhale, i kahi o hookahi 'akahi a hiki ana wale.

Stolypin i make ma hope o ka pana aku la ia i loko o ka hale kiaka Kiev. I ka noho ma luna o ka mea āna i noho iho la ma hope o ka ona ku i ka pōkā i loko o ka 'āina' Saratov iau. ¶ A i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o ke kiʻi o ka Kuhina Nui lawelawe, pena ma ka nui Lūkini artist Iley Repinym. I ka 2002 mai la ka mua i loko o Saratov ma Rusia i keia la Stolypin kia.

Soviet industrialization

No ka mea, o ka First World a me ke Kanawai War, mahiai Saratov me ka nui loa ke kūlana. Wale ma hope o ka mea i oi aku mamua o umi makahiki, hele mai la i kekahi moolelo kiʻekiʻe o ka buke o ke? Iecaianoaaiiuo mua 1913. Ma ka 30-ies. i ke kulanakauhale hoano e industrialization a me ka collectivization. Huli ana o ka wā nui i alakaʻi ai i ka manawa Saratov.

Photos o na mea he nui kēia hana - nā kiʻi o nā mea kanu, ma muli o ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola industrialization. O nā ka "Universal" - .. ka hola hana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka mīkini mea paahana, e like me knitting hola, ieoaeunoai kanu, ai, etc. No i ka industrialization ua loli ka 'ole o ka hana i loko o Saratov. E māhuahua kūlana i loko o ka mea hoʻokani mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me ka emi a emi - meaʻai oihana puolo.

Great Patriotic War

I World War II, he nui poʻe, mai ka frontline wahi i ua evacuated i ka hoahanau maluhia o Saratov. Photos a me nā hōʻike manaʻo o iauaeoia oo? Ecia kipa i ke kūlanakauhale i kēia lā, hōʻike no ka mea, me he kikowaena o ke kālā no-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, akā, he nui loa o ka waiwai kapikala waiho ia i loko o 1941-1945. Additional holomua Ua pio ka polokalamu laholio, lole a me ka mālamalama hana o ka kūloko hana.

Ke ukali kulanakauhale o Saratov, Engels, Aia ma luna o ka e ku pono, haʻalele kae o ka Volga, i evacuated Bryansk 'enekinia, Plant, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai lilo i trolleybus. A he mau no hoi ka loa iiauo i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. No laila,ʻaʻole mamao mai Saratov i hoonohonohoiaʻi kinoea? Iecaianoaaiiuo i hele mai i ke kulanakauhale ma Ua kūkuluʻia ka pipeline. Ka hapa nui o nā poʻe i ana aʻei ma lalo o nā mea e pono ai o ka mua, i mea no ke aha la i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai hoʻokiwikā ua māhuahua ka kaʻana like 'ana o ka hana' enekinia me mechanical ke kaumaha.

Ka hope makahiki

I ka makahiki 1950-ies. Saratov a puni kulanahale ma laila i ua mau nui-unahiʻole, i hana o ka Nine Inch hana. ? Ac? Aaioea i ka wahie a me ka ikehu eiiieaen, a me maoli kinoea, aila shale, ka aila a me ka wela ka mana oihana puolo. City o Laielohelohe nui a me ka oi loa palapala hōʻoia no hoʻomalu o iao? Iiaie oaoieei-holoʻokoʻa.

I waena o nā mea a pau, ka moʻolelo instrumentation, hana a me nā mea kanu no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka uilaʻoe. Ka poʻe, i ka 'āina'-oaio? Ua kekahi o na fronts o Virgin lepo Upturned i loko o ka hehi wahi o ka RSFSR a me aneea oneiaey.

I ka 1970-ies. i loko o ka Saratov'āina i hānauʻia ai, a hoʻomaka koke ulu reclamation eiiieaena. Kukulu nenoaio i? Canal a me nā 'oihana, e like me nā nā aeuiiai ieaia?. Saratov i keia la i koe kekahi o na kulanakauhale nui ma ka Volga māhele 'āina. Together me ka ukali kulanakauhale o Engels, ia 'ano apau loa i agglomeration me ka heluna o ka hoʻokahi miliona kanaka.