National meʻe o ka Haole kanaka Imam Shamil (Kawaihae)

Kekahi o ka loa kaulana na koa o ka Haole kānaka o ka Imam Shamil. Kawaihae a ke kanaka,ʻo ia a hiki i ka hopena i kona ola ua piha ka hoopaapaa ana e haʻalele i a me ka hana hoihoi hanana. No ka mea, he nui na makahiki, alai ae i ka uprising e ku ei ka mauna kanaka o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a ua hala ae nei ka hōʻailona o ke ku okoa ana a me ke kipi i loko o ka Caucasus. Kawaihae a Imam Shamil e e pokole ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i loko o kēia moʻolelo loiloi.

Ke kumu o ka meʻe

Me ka ohana mōʻaukala e ole e hoopau ai i ke loaʻa no ka hoʻomaopopo i ka Kawaihae o Imam Shamil. Summary o ka moolelo o keia ano keia ano o ka pūʻulu mākou e ho'āʻo i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo ma lalo nei.

Shamil hele mai kekahiʻano kahiko, a illustrious o ka Avar a me Kumyk hanohano ohana. Nui-kupuna kāne o ka meʻe-Kumyk Amir Khan nanea nui prestige a me ka mahalo, mai hoa tribesmen. Shamil Ali kupuna kāne a me ka makua kāne Dengav-Magomed he Uzdenov ia mea he Analog o nā aliʻi i loko o Rusia, oa ka mea, no i ka luna papa. Eia hou kekahi, Dengav-Magomed i ka hana, a me ka hooiaio ua noʻonoʻo pono loa aku kona koʻikoʻi i mountaineers.

Mother Shamil kapa Bach-Meseda. ʻO ia nō ke kaikamahine a kekahi aliʻi Avar bey Pier Budach. I mea nā paternal a me ka maternal, ka mea, ua maikai kūpuna. Ua Ua hōʻikeʻia e ke Kawaihae ana o kekahi kanaka kaulana, me Imam Shamil (Kawaihae). National meʻe ka mea,ʻaʻole i maopopo hoomaopopo. Reliably wale ike ana ia mea he 'elele o ka Dagestan mountaineers. Ua ua pono ka mea kahe Avar ke koko i loko o kona mau aa koko. Akā, ua hiki ke olelo aku me kekahi mauʻano o ka pahiki, i ka mea, ua i ka makua kāne Kumyk.

Birth o Shamil

Kawaihae no Imam Shamil, o ka papa, i hoʻomaka me ka lā o kona hanau ana. Kēia hanana hiki i loko o June 1797 i loko o ka palena o na kauhale Gimry ulia. Keia kulanakauhale ua manawa aia i loko o ke komohana wahi o ka Repubalika o Dagestan.

Initially ke keiki i kapaʻia ma hope o ka paternal kupunakane - Ali. Akā,ʻo ia koke haule maʻi, a me ka pēpē, e like me ka aoao ma ka mea e hoʻopale ai i na uhane ino, i ka inoa hoʻololi i Shamil. He He Lolina o ka inoa Mea Paipala o Samuela, a ua unuhi like "loheʻia e ke Akua." ʻO ia ka inoa ua kaikunane o kona makuwahine.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka hoʻonaʻauao

E like me ke keiki, Shamil ua lā menina a me ka maimai keiki. Akā, i loko o ka hopena ia ulu i ka poʻe kānaka uʻi surprisingly ola a me ka ikaika.

Mai ka manawa i hoomaka ae la noho 'ana kamaliʻi, e lawe' ano i ka wā e hiki mai ano o ka uprising alihi kaua. He ua he inquisitive, hiki wawe ko keiki me ka haaheo, a me ka Kaueleau overbearing ano. Kekahi o nā hiʻona o Shamil ua launaʻole koa. Aʻo 'ia ma nā mea kaua, hoomaka ae la oia me ka wanaʻao kamaliʻi.

Au au loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka hoomana e pili ana o Imam Shamil. Ke Kawaihae o keia kanaka ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i religiosity. Shamil ka kumu mua ua i kona hoa Adil Muhammad. I ka umikumamalua makahiki,ʻo ia i aʻo 'ia ma Untsukul alakaʻiʻia Jamaluddin Kazikumukh. A laila, ua aʻo grammar, rhetoric, ke kūpili, jurisprudence, Apapika, kālaiʻike, i ka mauna ohana o ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XIX Ua noʻonoʻo he kiʻekiʻe loa kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana.

Haole kaua

Loa pili loa aku i ka kaua Haole i ke ola o ko mākou meʻe, a me keia oi ma mua o hookahi Shoes ke Kawaihae o Shamil. Iki kakau i kēia koa kaua ma waena o ka mauna kanaka, a me ka Lūkini aupuni a pau kona waiwai i loko o kēia moʻolelo loiloi.

Koa kaua ma waena o nā mountaineers o ka Caucasus, a me ka Russian aupuni a pau, i lilo ai i loko o ka manawa o Ana II, ka wā ua he Lūkini-Turkish kaua (1787-1791 GG.). imi iho la ka Highlanders, alakaʻiʻia Sheikh Mansour, e hooki aku i ka paipai a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o Rusia ma ka Caucasus, lawe ka lanakila o ke kōkua o kona mau ke kākoʻo'-religionists o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Akā, ua nalowale ka o Tureke ma keia kaua, a me Sheikh Mansur i pio. Ma hope iho ua Tsarist Rusia hoomau iho la oia i ka mahuahua kona alo i loko o ka Caucasus, hoʻouluhua ka kūloko heluna.

I ka mea, i ole hooki i ka ia'ku o ka mauna ohana, a ma hope o ka malu Lūkini me ka o Tureke, akā, i ka kūikawā koa o ke kū'ē ma hope o ka manawa i oleloia ai o General Alekseya Ermolova luna i loko o ka Caucasus, a me ka pau 'ana o Lūkini-Peresia kaua o 1804-1813. Yermolov ho'āʻo hookahi, a no nā mea a pau ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka ia'ku o ka kūloko heluna kanaka ma ka ikaika, ka mea i alakai i ka 1817 a hiki i ka piha-unahiʻole, i kaua, a mau ae la ia aneane 50 makahiki.

I loko nō o ka makemake ana ia mea brutal kaua, Lūkini lākou poʻe kaua hoʻohana loa ana, e kau i ka hooponopono ana i mau mea nui a pau o ka Caucasus a subordinating houʻohana. Akā, i ka 1827, ka Auguseto hoʻomanaʻo aʻela General Yermolov, manaʻo pü 'ana i ka loulou i ka Decembrists, a ma kona wahi i hoounaia mai e General Ivan Paskevich.

Ka muli o ka Imamate

Ia manawa, ma o ka paio a me ka hoouka kaua ana o ka Russian aupuni a pau, hoomaka ae la ka ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka Haole kanaka. Ka māhele 'āina uhi ia e kekahi o na paialewa o Sunni Hoʻomana Mohameka - Muridism, ke kikowaena manaʻo o ka mea i jihad (kaua hemolele) ku e hoʻomaloka.

Kekahi o na kumu nui hai o ka hou ana i ka theologian Ghazi Muhammad ka mea ua mai ka ia kulanakauhale me Shamil. I ka pau ana o 1828 ma ka halawai o ka tribal lunakahiko o ka hikina mai Caucasus Ghazi Muhammad i kukala aku ai i imam. Penei, lilo iho la oia i ka Mai de facto poo o ka lānai hou i hana moku'āina - Haole Imamate - a me ka luna o ka uprising e kū'ē i ka Russian aupuni a pau. Koke ma hope o ka hookamaia ana o ka inoa o Imam Ghazi Muhammad hai aku i ka kaua hemolele e ku e ia Rusia.

Ano, i hoʻokahi ka Haoleʻohana i loko o ka hookahi koa, a ua loaa ka lakou mau hana i ka kūikawā pilikia no ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale, o ka oi aku mai ka oihana koa alakaʻi makana Paskevich nō i emi iki mahope tālena Yermolov. War wawahi mai me ka hou ka lohi ole. Mai ka outset, heʻeleu loa i loko o ke kaua, a i Shamil, e lilo ana i kekahi o nā luna a me nā kumu kōkua ma ke Ghazi Muhammad. Ka mea, kaua poʻohiwi i ka'ūhā mua i loko o ke kaua no ka Gimry i ka makahiki 1832 no ko lakou mau oiwi kauhale. Na kipi i hoʻopilikiaʻia e aliʻi lehulehu i loko o ka pā kaua, a haule iho la ma 18 October. Iloko o ke kaua i pepehi Imam Ghazi Muhammad a me Shamil mamua Kaniak poino, e hoʻokele i ka uhai mai o ka encirclement, ma hope o ho'āla kaua he mau Lūkini koa.

New Imam lilo Gamzat noi aku nei au. Kēia i waeʻia i dictated e ka mea e Shamil i ka manawa, i seriously eha. Akā, Gamzat bey imam noho emi ma mua o nā makahiki, a ua make i loko o ke koko paio me kekahi o ka Avarʻohana.

Ke koho ana o imam

Penei, i ke kumu nui moho no ke kūlana o ke poo o ka North-Haole moku'āina lilo Shamil. He Ua koho 'ana i ka'ahakenekoa i loko o hopena o 1834. A ma mua o ka pau ana o kona olaʻo ia iʻike,ʻaʻole wale nō me Imam Shamil. Kawaihae (pōkole i loko o kā mākou hōʻike, akā, nui loa kona waiwai ma ka oiaio) o kona noho alii ana, e e hoʻolako 'ia e mākou ma lalo nei.

I koho ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka imam nui i ke kahua i loko o ke ola o Shamil.

Ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Lūkini aupuni a pau

A pau na koa kau ma luna o laila, i mea e kaua aku i Lūkini poʻe hao wale, ua holomua, Imam Shamil. Kona Kawaihae heluhelu loa ia Sia pahu hopu lilo kokoke i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea i loko o kona ola.

Ma keia paio, Shamil hoike nui koa a me kaʻaha hui mākau, ka mea, ua hiki i ka haʻaheo i loko o koa manao pono i loko o ka lanakila, mai e wikiwiki hoʻoholo. Ka hope e like ai ike okoa ia mai mua Imams. Kēia mau 'ano' ae 'Shamil i ana pale aku i ka heluna hapauuku nui ma mua o kona Lūkini kaua.

Imamat hoʻoholo ka wā Shamil

Eia hou kekahi, hoʻohana 'Hoʻomana Mohameka like me ka'āpana o ka propaganda, Imam Shamil ua hiki e hoohui i ka ohana o Chechnya a me Dagestan. Inā kona mau mua hui ana o na ohana o ka Haole kanaka ua loa ai e wehe ai, alaila, me ka Hekikai o Shamil ia i loaa i na hiʻona o ka statehood.

E like me ke kānāwai āna i hoʻolauna Islamic Sharia kānāwai ma wahi o ka kahiko canons Highlanders (adat).

Haole Imamate Ua maheleia i mau apana, alai ae e Imam Shamil i naibs. Ka Ike ia mea replete me examples o ka hoao ana i kā mākou centralized'ōnaehana. Hookolokolo mana i loko o kēlā me kēia kalana ma ka malama ana i na mufti, nana i hoonoho mai Qadi lunakanawai.

noho pio ana

He iwakalua-kumamalima makahiki o kŘpa a holomua rula i loko o ka North Caucasus Imam Shamil. Kawaihae, he manawa pōkole excerpt o ka mea e e waiho ia ma lalo nei, hōʻike i ka 1859 ua ka popoiwi wahi i loko o kona ola.

Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka Crimean Kaua a me ka hopena o ka Paris He aloha ʻoi loa nā hana i loko o ka Caucasus, Lūkini poʻe kaua. E ku e ia Shamil Emperor nou ka hoao ana i ka luna - pūkaua Muraviev a me Bariatinskii, a ma April 1859 pomaikai ae la lakou i hoʻopio aku i ka kapikala o ke Imamate. Ma June 1859 ka hope kipi pūʻulu i ua uhi pū paha hooauheeia'ku mai o Chechnya.

National liberation ana wawahi mai i waena o ka Adygei, a neʻe i Dagestan, kahi ona e waiho ana ia ia iho Shamil. Akā, ma August, o kona aoao hoʻopilikia Lūkini hao wale. E like me ka mea kaua, he kaiʻewaʻewa, Shamil i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka haawi, albeit i loa aku kona koʻikoʻi i hua'ōlelo.

i ka noho pio ana

He aha hiki ke haʻi aku iā mākou e pili ana i ka wā i loko o a kekahi pio i Imam Shamil, Kawaihae? Pōkole Kawaihae o keia kanaka, aole ia e huki iā mākou wei nā kiʻi o kona ola, akā, ka mea e ae e hana ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka hoʻonaninani manaʻoʻike holoʻokoʻa o ke kanaka.

Ma September 1859 ka imam mua halawai ka Lūkini Emperor Alexander II. Eia kekahi ma Chuguev. Koke i lawe i Moscow, malaila i halawai ai me ke kaulana General Yermolov Shamil. I September, i lawe mai i ka Imam a hiki i ke kapikala o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a i ka pepa, a hiki i ka Empress. Me mākou ke ike, i ka alihi kaua o ka uprising ma ke kahua hana nui kupaʻa.

Koke Ua hāʻawi Shamil, a me kona 'ohana i mālama' wahi o noho ai - ke kulanakauhale o Kaluga. I ka 1861 ua he lua halawai me ka Auguseto. I keia manawa, Shamil noi e e aku ia ia e hele i noho malihini ai ke Mecca, akā, i hōʻole.

Elima makahiki hope, Shamil a me kona 'ohana i lawe i ka hoohiki o ka, laulea a hiki i ka Russian aupuni a pau, pela e lawe Lūkini kupa. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, e like me ka Emperor ka olelo paa, Shamil loaa heʻano koa, mai ka akau i ka hele ia ma ka'āina hoʻoili. A makahiki ma mua o kēia Imam i 'ae' ia e hoʻololi i ko lakou wahi o noho ai, a hele i ka oi ano climatic ana Kiev.

He mea hiki ole e wehewehe mai i loko o kēia pōkole ka loiloi 'ia na mea a pau e ola ana ma ka noho pio ana Imam Shamil. Kawaihae ma ka manawa pōkole mai nei i keia pio ua,, loa nae oluolu a me ka mahaloʻia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o Russian.

make

Eia hoi, ma ka ia 1869, Shamil ua hiki ia nō imi i ka ae ana o ka Auguseto ma ka Hajj i Mecca. Kaluakauwa huakaʻi i oi ma mua o ka makahiki.

Ma hope o Shamil mea kuka hookomo i loko o ke ola, a me ka mea hiki i ka 1871, ua hoʻoholo iho e hele i loko o ka lua o ka kulanakauhale hoano no Nā Poʻe Isalama - Medina. Aia make ihola ia ma luna o ka makahiki he kanahiku-ha o ke ola. kanu Imam ma kona aina o ka Caucasus, a ma Medina.

Imam Shamil: Kawaihae, ohana

Ka ohana e noho i loko o ke ola ana o keia kanaka nui wahi, nae, like me nā mea a pau o ka Haole mountaineers. mau aʻo hou e pili ana i na hoahanau a me nā hoa o ke kinai nui no ke kuokoa ana o kona poe kanaka e.

E like me ke Muslim loina, Shamil i ke kuleana e i ekolu loio i na wahine. He i ka lanakila o keia pono.

Makahiapo-kane, Shamil, o Jamaluddin (hanau ma 1829). I ka makahiki 1839, ua i hāʻawiʻia i ka mea pani. He aʻo i loko o St. Petersburg ma ka par me na keiki a tribal alii ko lakou. Hope Shamil ua hiki ke haawi aku i ke keiki a kekahi pio, akā, make Jamaluddin ma kona mau makahiki 29 o ka tuberculosis.

Kekahi o na luna me kona kōkua o kona makua kāne,ʻo ia ka lua o ke keikikane - Gazi-Muhammad. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Shamil naib ia i lilo kekahi o na apana. He make i ka 1902 ma ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Ke kolu o ke keiki - la - nui i make ma kaʻuʻuku mai.

Kaikaina keiki - Muammad-Shefi a me Muhammad Kamil - make iho la i ka 1906 a me ka 1951 pakahi.

Ano o Imam Shamil

Ua Hahai I mākou i ka hele ana o ke ola, a ua Imam Shamil (Kawaihae, e hōʻike mai iā ia kiʻi i loko o ka 'atikala). Pehea hiki oe e ke ano o keia kanaka, oia ka hapanui o keia Highlander, he kanaka maoli o ka Caucasus. Ua akaka no i keia mea he wiwo, a kuleana kanaka, makaukau no ka mea kiekie, e pili hou aku. About Shamil naueue ole o ke ano oi ma mua o kekahi manawa, hoike mai i kona wā.

No ka mea Mountain kanaka a pau o ka Caucasus, Shamil e mau ia ka hōʻailona o ka paio no ka kūʻokoʻa. I ka Ia manawa i kekahi o nā 'ana i kūpono o ka mea kaulana Imam aʻole e mau loa ana me hoʻopili like i ke kālā no notions e pili ana i na rula o ke kaua a me ka manaʻo kanaka.