Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow, kahi? Mōʻaukala o ka hoailona

Kekahi o ka mea nui Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone gems ua manaoia e ia i ka Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow. Hoailona Museum , mai ka manawa o ka XVI kenekulia i wahi i loko o ka hoʻohei o ka Moskva muliwai ma ka Mokuna kahi i kapaia o ke kaikamahine kahua, a aole loa pohaku ia,ʻo ia me kona nani a me ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka loa-pau kahawai o iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me ka malihini.

Malu hanana a me nā kaao kūnihi ma Novodevichy halepule. Ma Moscow, ma ka mea kahiko hoailona, i ka Tatar ka auamo Lūkini kanaka ohi hoʻokupu no ke Gula iā Goga. Ua uku ia ka Tatars,ʻaʻole wale gula malihini a me für lākou he poʻe hoʻokupu. Ua Uaʻaneʻi lawe Lūkini wahine uʻi kaikamahine, nona ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo ma mua ma ka manawa o ka enslavement. Mai laila, i kapaʻia ka mahinaʻai i ke kaikamahine, a me ka honua nei, ka poe i ike i ke kaumaha pau ole noho aloha `ia me ka waimaka. Here a Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow, ka mea i waiho hookumuia'na mai kona mōʻaukala hele hoʻi kenekulia, a hiki i ka manawa o ka hooikaika e ana oia i ka mana o Rusia.

Ua ka manawa e hui ana o Moscow aina

Novodevichy hale mōneka Mother o ke Akua o Smolensk mōʻaukala hoʻomaka 'ia ma 1524, a ua pilikia kona helehelena nui hanana no Rusia - i ka pau' ana o ka unification o Muscovy. Grand Prince Vasily III o Moscow, i kapaia "ÿauhau o Lūkini aina", personified a me ka'āina hoʻoili o ka Byzantine i Emperor, a hoomalu nae lakou i Orthodoxy mai ka hoʻomaloka.

Luna Nui unification'āina i loko o Rusia i pau ai me ka liberation, mai lalo o ka Lituania rula o Smolensk - ke kulanakauhale, a ua KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui no ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ka mōʻaukala kaua i wahi i ka 1514, a me ka 10 makahiki ma hope, e hooko ana i kona olelo hoopomaikai i mua e hele ana i ka Smolensk, Prince hoʻokumu i ka hoailona me ka ekalesia, hoolaa iho la i ka Smolensk ikona o ka Uhane makuahine ( "Putevoditelnitsy").

Great ala i Smolensk ikona

Ke ikona o ka Smolensk Mother o ke Akua ma ka'āina Lūkini i loko o ka XI kenekulia, ma mua o ka Hekikai o Muscovy. Wahi a ke kaʻao, i kākau i ka honua ke ola o ka Virgin lunaolelo Luke, oia i he lōʻihi ala hele, mai kahiko Ierusalema i loko o ka Byzantine kapikala o Constantinople, a laila, i ka Lūkini Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich. Ua Ua destined e lilo i ahu o kela waina o ka Lūkini aliʻi. A no ka lōʻihi manawa, i ke kupaianaha kiʻi o ke akahele malamaia ma ka ekalesia o ka mea mahuʻi Smolensk. Mai ia manawa, ka mea iʻikeʻia ma ka Smolensk ikona o ka makuahine o ke Akua, a me ke kūlanakauhale ua manawa waiho ma luna o ka u hooka- o ka Virgin. Ma ka moʻolelo o XIII kenekulia oi loa, e wehewehe i ka hana mana i ikona ka wā āna i ho'ōla i ka Smolensk, mai ke kaua mai o ka poʻe hao wale o Batu.

Mai ka 1398 ka mea kupaianaha kiʻi i loko o Muscovy. Ua lawe mai Sophia Vitovtovna, Moscow Prince Vasily I. wahine ma ke kipa i Smolensk i kona makua kāne, i ka Lituania alii, Sophia loaa i ka makua o ka hoomaikai ana a me ka alakaʻi e hoahu i ikona ma ka hale. E kau ka mea, ua manao ma ka Annunciation Hale Pule Nui o ka Kremlin.

No ka mea, he nui na makahiki i nāʻelele o Smolensk i ua noi ia Vasili III o ka hoi ana mai o ka ikona. Akā, i kekahi manawa, i ka olelo hooholo, e merge i ka aina Lūkini, a me ka makemake e,ʻo ka poʻe e noho lā ma Smolensk ma kaʻaoʻao Lūkini o ke alii i ae i kēia hanana e hiki mai ana.

Mua o ka hoʻouna i ke ahu ma ka lōʻihi ke ala iā Smolensk, ma ka behest o ke alii a me icons wehe pololei papa, i mea i haʻalele i ka Annunciation Hale Pule Nui. Ke Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow, ma ia mea kēia manawa i ka papa inoa o nā icons, oia ua i ka 1525.

Ma Smolensk ahu pu aku i ka huakaʻi mai ka Kremlin pa i Sawin hoailona. Ka mea, ua ma hope o ka pule nui koi aʻelaʻo ia ma ka Smolensk alanui wale.

Kēia momentous hanana i mai hookahakaha makahiki aha lealea lawelawe, a me ka huakaʻi i ke kahi manawa hiki i ka Novodevichy halepule. , Russian Orthodox Kristiano a pau Moscow Rusia, e hoonani oe i July 28 Smolensk Ikona o ka makuahine o ke Akua. Ma keia wahi, ma hope o ka lanakila kaua o Smolensk, i ka laau ekalesia mua o ka hou hoailona i waiho.

Pehea i hana ai i ka inoa o ka hoailona ma Field ka Virgin ka

I na hoailona o "Novodevichy" ua i accidental. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia Moscow mua, he mau wahine hoailona - na kahiko hoailona o ka ka hapai ana, i kapaia o laila Starodevichim, a ua aia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Moscow Kremlin ka pii ana. Ka inoa mua o ka hoailona ma ka Virgin ka Field, i oleloia ma kaʻoihana i loko o 1598 - ka Most Pure Virgin Hodegetria ka hou nunnery.

Aia i kekahi mana o ke ano o ka inoa. Abbess o ka hoailona i hoolaa ai i ka XML-Nuna Elena, bayou a me ascetic Suzdal Pokrovsky hoailona. Mai Suzdal i ka hou hale mōneka abbess unsubscribe a me 18 Nuna, a me ka pololei hookauwa aku ia i loko o nā mea a pau o kou hoao. Ke ola o na Nuna, ma ka hoailona i hoʻokumuʻia e ke kahiko dormitory kumu a mea paha i ke kanana 'kanawai. Up i ka keia manawa e hoola i kū hoʻokahi puke palapala i unuhiʻia mai ma ka abbess o ka Novodevichy hale mōneka -ʻo Samuel a me kela la i keia hale mōneka hoʻomaka o ka XVI kenekulia.

Bayou Elena Ua manao ia e "vseizryadnoy kumu wahine puupaa kiʻekiʻe," a i ke anaina kanaka Devochkin inoa kapakapa no ka mea, o ka mea kūikawā noonoo ana i ka mana kaikamahine. Aloha a me ka mālama i hana ia e ka abbess ua ai nui i ka mea, ua entrenched i loko o ka kahiko Moscow orphanage inoa no ka wahine.

Mai ka mōʻaukala o ka Novodevichy halepule ua maopopo loa ia i ka manawa o Petero au i 'aneʻi i hoʻonohonoho' ia e malumalu ai no keiki, kaikamahine hanau illegally. Nuna, e ho'āla a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kā lākou mea koʻikoʻi ia, instilling i loko o ia ka haahaa a me ka hoolohe. Ua pau ia Petero au i manao ai e aʻo aku novices hoailona kaula ma luna o ka Hōlani ano. Shelter o ka mua prototype o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Moscow Orphanage no kaikamahine kiʻekiʻe papa.

Mōʻaukala o ka hoailona i na wahine, a me ka malu no ka makua kaikamahine a laila hoomau a alahou ana Novodevichy hoailona hookumuia ma ka mea o Empress Elizabeth i ka 1746. I ia manawa, ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoolilo i ka ike o ka Moscow Nuna ma St. Petersburg. A oi kaulana keia hoailona hoomaka ae la e hoʻohana i ka heyday o monasticism iwaena o na wahine i loko o ka XIX kenekulia.

Kekahi mana o na kumu no ka hoʻokumu i ka hoailona

Moʻolelo aneane ua hoʻoholo likeʻae i kekahi o na kumu i hoʻokumu i ka hou hale mōneka, a ua i ka hana keaka Vasily III. A ia laua e holo ana ma waena o ka hana ana o ka hoailona, a me ka oki mare hihia o ke aliʻi. Wae ia Solomonia Saburova 20 makahiki o ka mare ana, au iʻaʻole hiki ke haawi aku i ka luna hooilina. Makau ae la kona poe kaikuaana, hookohukohu iho la lakou e noho alii, a loaa mai ka ae mai o ka ekalesia e remarry. Hikiʻole ke Makuakane me kona Launa Male hana i kana wahine Solomonia Vasily III i haʻakoi, e lawe i ka paku, a kipaku aku ia ia i ka Christmas hoailona. I ka 1525 ka mea i christened Sophia.

He nui nā moʻolelo manaʻo i ka Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow, i mea he papa inoa o ka Smolensk ikona Ua 'ia ua hōʻike hewa no Solomona. A me Vasily III, «paionia" o ka mō'ī i loko o ka puʻe wale i kana wahine no na paia o ka hoailona, ho'āʻo ana pela e mitigate i kona hewa.

Mai ka Kremlin a hiki i ka Novodevichy hale mōneka ua wale ekolu mile. Akā, e neʻe ana i ka nani loa wahi kokoke i Moscow Nuna Sophia ua hikiʻole i ka Noho i kona mau lā haawiia ma ke kua o ka pā ma Suzdal, Pokrovsky o ka hale mōneka. Kona ola pono, ua pono helu i kapu, a me keia la koʻi kaua ma ka manaoio, me Sofiya Suzdalskaya Kahuna.

Godunovs ka Novodevichy hale mōneka

Ke kaumaha me ka hana pono o ke maopopo kahi kanaka aliʻiʻohana hoomau mai Ivan Grozny. He peeʻaneʻi wahine kāne make o kona kaikuaana, a me kana keiki. I na hoailona i a me ka wahine kāne make o Fedor I Ioanovicha, Irina Godunov, i malama ia, mai ka make ana o kona kaikaina Boris. ʻO kona olelo hooholo, e haʻalele i ka hoailona o kana kane ka make ma hope o ua laila tantamount e abdication. Akā, eia no ke alii wahine o ka Nuna hele ma na hana, e ka noho ana o ka noho aliʻi. Ka mea, ua 'aneʻi,ʻekolu manawa i hele mai e hoomana ma ka boyars i noi Boris e aliʻi.

Mau noonoo a me ka patronage o ka Novodevichy halepule hoʻomaka e waiho ia Boris Godunov, ka mea i ka mana i ka 1598. No ka mea, o kona kaikuahine Irina Fedorovna ihola hoʻiʻo ia i ka hou akea keena, Chapel a me ka refectory. A laila, ka mea e e kapaʻia Irininskimi keʻena. Eia hou, i anao? Aou dala no ka piha ke kūkulu houʻana o ka Smolensk Hale Pule Nui, hoihoi hou murals a me iconostasis, a me ka mea kupaianaha kiʻi hoaahuia oia i hou uku a me na pohaku makamae.

Pio aliʻi ohana

Ua ua he succession pau ole o ka poʻe e noho lā ma ka hoailona o ke genera boyars a me nā aliʻi. Me lakou pu o ka poe i ike lakou ia lakou iho ma ke kua o ka pā ikaika nō o ko lākou mau Kawaipunahele ole.

Hoomau iho la lakou paʻahao o ka poe hoahanau, a me Peter I. I ka 1689ʻaneʻi i hūnāʻia Princess Sophia Alekseevna, ke kaikuwahine o ka mō'ī a me ka instigator o ke kipi pana pua. I ka hopena o kona mau hoa ua notorious. Ka mea, ua pepehiia ma ke alo o ka Novodevichy halepule, a me ko lākou mau poʻo i e kui ma ka pohaku battlements o na paia o ka hoailona. Ua Ua a hoʻokuewa wale 'i mua wahine o Peter I, Lopuchin Evdokia, e like me ke kaʻao hoino mai i kona aloha naʻau o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva.

"Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow, ma, ua nui na kanaka o ke aliʻi 'ohana, ka richest a manao no na kanaka o ke kiekie ae" - hoike makua'lii Nikon. Like i loko o nā lā kahiko ma Starodevichy, a 'aneʻi hele mai i ke aliʻi wahine, na wahinekanemake, na kaikamahine a me na kaikuahine o ka boyars.

No ka untold waiwai loaa i noho ai i ka waihona ipu, i hoʻohuiʻia noke a me nā momi pepeiao wā e hiki mai Nuna, a me ka dedicatory palapala i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ko lākou mau aina.

Noho paha pā?

Ma ka noho luna ana o Vasily III, i ka hoailona i manao ia e ka'āhihi kope o ka Kremlin. Aha nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone a me ka pena i hana ole wale ma luna o nā paia o nā pale aku ia lakou, he nui loa o ko lākou nani. E huli i nā paia o ka hoailona i loko o ka pā kaua manao ia Boris Godunov, e hoʻomaka ana ma hope o ka piʻiʻana aʻe i ka noho aliʻi o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hou 'ana o ka hoailona. New paa pohaku paia me ka hou hale kiaʻi a me nā battlements hoʻopuni i ka hoailona. Lākou kiʻekiʻe ua manawa mahuahua i 13 mika, a me ka lōʻihi - aneane he kilomika o. E lawe i ka poe kiai ma ka hoailona like strelets pā kaua o ka 350 lio, a hiki i ka XVII kenekulia ka hoailona lilo i maoli watchdog pā kaua ma luna o ka mokuna o Moscow.

Kaha o Moscow ka Novodevichy hale mōneka, a hai mai ia makou e pili ana i ka manawa o ka pilikia Nui, i ka wa o ka hopena o ka hoailona pā ua lono kaumaha. E ku ana i ka huli ana o ke kulanakauhale, ia i ua malalo i kaua lehulehu o na haole, ke kipi poʻe hao wale o musketeers a me ka ano o na powa. I ka 1612, ua aneane i luku ai i na paia o ka hoailona, a looted i ka hoailona. Ka mea, ua ma lalo o ka hōkaiʻia paia o ka Novodevichy halepule, he Mokuna kaua me ka Polish poe koa, ma hope a Prince Pozharsky alakai i ka paukū i ka Kremlin.

Ke hou ke ola ana o ka hoailona: i ka hoihoi hou ana a me ka pomaikai no

Hoihoi hou ia ana mai o ka Novodevichy hoailona hoomaka me ka Hekikai o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanov mua. Mikhail Fedorovich, noa mai na auhau hoailona i ka hoailona i ka 1650 i hooakea ai, mai ko läkou 'o ke kaua, kukulu hou ia, a paʻa i nā pā. He i ka hoailona i wahi no ka pule mantis aliʻi aku. No laila, i ka Novodevichy hale mōneka i aia mawaho o ke kulanakauhale, ma lalo o kona mau pā i wāwahiʻia halelewa, kahi e noho ai no ka po, "no laila, i ole e hala i ke kakahiaka pule." Mahalo i ka hoailona Moscow i ka inoa o ke alanui Prechistenka - i hiki mai-lā kahiko kaona hōʻailona. He no kona hoahānau e hele ana ma aiiia.

Mana Lima festivities ma Novodevichy Muscovites hele mai i ke ola a me ka manawa. I kēia lā, tausani o ka poʻe e ho'āʻo e kiʻi i ka Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow. Pehea e kiʻi i ka wahi ma ka Holiday festivities i paa?

Aha lealea hang ma ka Mokuna waena

Over manawa, i ka wahi o ke kanaka Kuʻu ua hoololiia mai ka paia o ka hoailona ma ka hou, a Virgin i ke kula o. Nā festivities mua wale nō ma luna o kaʻoihana icai i ekemu ae. Ke ano o ka mea kaulana alanui Prechistenka ua hoi me ka Novodevichy halepule pili.

Ke alanui ma i ka malama pono i hele mai ka makahiki mai ka Kremlin paia a hiki i ka hoailona, ola mua. Akā, i ke aliʻi i ka noho luna ana ma ka 1658 ia la ia mea e like me ka inoa o ka mea i hoomaikaiia Virgin, i mea i ka maka o ka mea kupaianaha loa me kela Holiday.

Ua, hoomaka ae la o kēia paena e hoʻolauleʻa hanana nui a me ka mundane. Up i ka XVIII kenekulia ka mokuna o na kaikamahine kula i koe,ʻaʻole i kūkulu ai. Aia he ua pua i nā mahinaʻai a me ka mea kaʻawili lāʻau na kihapai uhai. Aupuni hale o ke alii ko lakou ma keia wahi i hoomaka ai e hele mai i ka hopena o ke kenekulia.

I kēia kaikamahine i kona kahua āpana loa kukulu mai, a me ka papa alanui o ka Mokuna mawaena konu ua manaoia e e loa Pirogovskaya Minor Pirogovskaya a me Pogodinskaya. e paa Festivities i loko o kekahi mau wahi, i loko o ka holoholo loihi o kekahi i kekahi, no laila, he alakai, e imi i ka wahi no ka mea, e malama aku ai i kēia mau alanui.

Pehea e kiʻi i ka Novodevichy hale mōneka

None o ka oo? Enonei-? O? Ooia o ke kulanakauhale alii, aole ia i loaʻa i kona noonoo Novodevichy halepule. Moscow - o ka ho omaka no ka poe aikane, e hele a puni ke Gula alii.

E like me ka noho ana o ka hoailona ana a hiki i 1922. He Ua hoolaia e ka Soviet Aupuni me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia a na 30s, ka wā o ka olelo hooholo o ka People ka Commissariat o ka hale o ka hoailona luna 'i haawi mai ai i ka State Historical Museum (lala). E like ma mua o ka pauʻana o ke kaua i loko o ka palena o ka hale mōneka hoomaka ae la e hoala anei lakou i hoomana kula. A wale nō i loko o 1994 ka monastic ola i loko o ka hoailona i pohala.

Oo? Makapo e haawi mau 'ikepili no ka poe i makemake e hele aku e ike i ka Novodevichy halepule. Address a me kaʻaoʻao ka mea, kuhikuhi nā lāliʻi a pau o nā manaʻo. Noho nalowale e e pilikia.

Mai kēia lā o ka Mokuna waena o ke poʻo, a ua kaawale na Hawaii ma ka mamao pōkole, a laila, i ka Metro ku "New" mea maikaʻi, e lawe i ka 10-minuke hele ma ke alanui. October 10 lā hoʻomanaʻo.

Ka mokuna o ka hoailona luna 'mea i kaupalena' Novodevichy nab. Luzhnetskaya Hotele a me Khamovniki mau lala. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nana ana o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone eiiieaena, iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me kânaka o na kanaka nui o ka naau Novodevichy ilina. Ua i pili i ka kūikawā hoi na mea makau a Moscow. Eia ua kanu nui poʻokela personalities o ko mākou'āina: mau pūkaua nui, koʻikoʻi 'elele o ka' epekema a me ka moʻomeheu, a me nā kālai'āina.

'āina hoʻoili o ka Russian mōʻaukala, a me ka spirituality o ka manaoio hui i loko iho o ka hiʻona'āina no Rusia ka wahi - Novodevichy hale mōneka ma Moscow. Wahi kūkahi: Metro "Sports", Novodevichy alaʻololī, 1.