'O Aluminium a me kona mau alahele: nā mea a pau e pili ana i kēia kila

I kēia lā, kokoke i nā metala a pau i'ike'ia i ke kanaka a me ko lākou mau mea aloha a'ike lākou i ka ho'ohana pono. Aia i kēlā me kēia mea kona mau kiko'ī pono'ī, kahi e ho'oholo ai i ka nui o ko lākou ho'ohana'ana i nā'oihana like'ole. 'O ka lō'ihi loa ka hao a me nā'ano mea like'ole e like me ia, a me ke alumini a me kona mau alahele. Hiki ke ho'ākāka i kēia, ma mua, i nā lālā kūlohelohe nui, a me nā mea hana maika'i, kino a me nā mechanical maika'i.

He hapa o ka mo'aukala

E like me ka mo'olelo kahiko, i ho'ākāka'ia ma loko o ka puke "Natural History" e Guy Pliny the Elder, i hō'ulu'ulu'ia i AD 77, i kekahi lā ua hele aku kekahi haku'ike'ole i ka Emperor of Rome Tiberius a hā'awi iā ia i kahi makana ma ke'ano o ke pola kālā a me ke kila māmā. A nīnau'o Tiberius i kāna mea i hana ai iā ia, pane maila'o ia ua hana'ia'o ia i ka lepo. 'O ke'ano hopohopo, ua kauoha'ia e ka mō'ī e pepehi i ka mea hana lima'ole a ho'opau i kāna workshop, no laila,'a'ole kēia mea i ho'oemi'ia i nā'āpana o ka waihona kālā Roma. He mea kaumaha ia ma ia manawa'a'ole hiki iā ia ke no'ono'o i nā mea āpau a pau no ka'ike, no ka mea,'o ke alumini a me nā'āleka o ka wā e hiki mai ana he hana maoli nō.

No ke aha e mahalo nui'ia ai ke alumini a me kona mau alua?

'O ka'ele'ele o ka alumini ma loko o ka'ōpū o ka honua kahi i 8.8%, a no laila ke alaka'i nei i ka papa inoa o nā metala ma'amau. 'O kona mau pōmaika'i,'o ia ka li'ili'i (2.7 g / cm3), ke kūpa'a kūpiliki'i kūpono, ka hana'ana, ka pono me ka ho'okalakiko maika'i, akā ke'ano o nā mea ikaika. Aluminum a me kona oka a pau e hoʻomano hoʻohana ma ka maunakea, shipbuilding, hoino aku ka halihali, kaʻa, e kukulu, Nine Inch a me ka ʻaila kā hana , etc. Aluminum oka a wehewehe aku ma ka ductility, malleability, kiʻekiʻe aaioee holo. 'O kēia mau mea he manawa kūpono loa ia e ho'opili ai iā lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā'ano hana.

'O nā'ōleo alina e pili ana i ka alumini

Ma o ka ho'ohui'ana i ka alumini me nā additive allo, hiki ke loa'a ka ikaika nui ae ho'omaika'i i nā mea'ē a'e o kēia'ili. 'Oiai he mau mea kohu, kānikona, keleawe, manganese, zinc a me ka magnesia e ho'ohana pinepine'ia. E no'ono'o kākou i nā 'ālika papa.

Duralumin (duralumin, a pono duralumin)

'O ka inoa o kēia pūpū mai ka hua'ōlelo Duren -'o ia ka inoa o ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia, ma ia makahiki i ka makahiki 1911, Ho'omaka e hana i kēia mela ma kahi pā'ani hanahana. Loa'a ia ia ma ka ho'onui'ana i ke keleawe (2.2 - 5.2%), magnesium (0.2-2.7%) a me manganese (0.2-0.1%) i ka aluminika. Ma hope o ka ho'oma'ama'a'ana i ka wela, ikaika loa ka mea hao (ikaika ka ikaika i 450-500 MPa). I mea e ho'onui ai i ke kū'ē kū'ē'ana i ka hō'ino, ua ma'alahi pinepine'ia me ka alumina. Hoʻohana 'ia me he mall mea i loko o ka amo, a aeronautical wilikî.

Magnolia

'O kēia mau mea alloys like'ole o ka aluminiuma me ka magnesium a me nā mea'ē a'e (ka nui o ka magnnesium - 1-13%). Hō'ale'a'ia lākou e ka pelekiki ki'eki'e, ka'olu'olu maika'i a me ke kūpa'a palekana. Ho'ohana'ia no ka hana'ia'ana o nā hale ho'ohālike, nā'ili, nā pepa, nā rivets, a pēlā aku.

'O Silumin

Hā'awi'ia kēia pūpū ma o ka ho'ohui'ana i ka alumina me ke kinikano (mea'onikala - 4-13%). I kekahi manawa ua ho'ohui'ia aku nā mea hou: Be, Ti, Zn, Mg, Mn, Cu. Ho'ohana'ia kēia'ili no ka hana'ana i nā māhele o ka ho'olālā pa'akikī, ka nui ma nā mokulele a me nā'oihana ka'ahana.

'O ka Aluminiuma a me kona mau alahele e ho'ohana ai no ka manawa lō'ihi e pono ai ke kanaka. Hō'oia o kēia hana hou - ka alumana'ilika, a, e like me ka mea i kapa'ia'o ia, "ka'epa makamae momona". Mana'o nā kānaka he nui he kumu kūlana maika'i loa kēlā me ke alumini pa'a.