Pā kaua Kerch ma ka Crimea - kiʻi a me nā hōʻike manaʻo

Ke Crimean Peninsula mea kaulana ole wale no kona hanana aniau a me ka ano. He He nui helu o nā mea i mea o ka noho pilikia mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu nui no ke kālā no Rusia, a no na kanaka e noho ana kekahi hapa o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Mawaena o ka poe - pā kaua Kerch. He aha nō ka loa kamahaʻo kūʻiʻo, hōʻikeʻana kona mōʻaukala? He aha nō kāu nā manaʻo o nā iauaeoia oo? Ecia kipa i kēia hale i loko o ka Crimea?

Overview

Kerch Toughness, i kekahi manawa, haawi ia ia e like me ka papu Totlebena, Aia ma Cape AK-nalu i loko o Kerch pilikia (ma ka loa ololi hapa o ka mea). Ua Ua kūkuluʻia i loko o ka 19th kenekulia ma Lūkini puʻukaua, e hoomalu aku i ka aina o malina mokuna. Ke kukulu ana o iauaeoia hoomaka koke ma hope o ka Crimean War, a ma na aoao o ka hoʻomaka o ka papahana i ukuia a hiki i ka pōʻino hope o ke kai eʻe a hiki i Rusia.

I loko nō o ka mea i ma lalo o nā hua'ōlelo o ke kuikahi o Paris, Rusia hiki ole i kekahi moku, a paa i loko o ka'āina o ka Black Sea, Alexander II hoʻoholo i kūkulu i nā hale a mea e kōkua e hoʻopale ai i ka pilikia, mai ka Black kai a hiki i ke kai o Azov. No ka lōʻihi manawa i ka pā i hoʻohana 'ia e lawa koa aee. 'Ana ma luna o ka mokuna o ke kaua i wahi i loko o ka wā o ka Nui Patriotic War. I kēia lā i ka hale o ke kumuhana o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu hoʻoilina o Rusia.

Pehea i ka Kerch pā kaua? pōkole ka noonoo

Pehea i ka Kerch pā kaua? I ka MH 1853, Rusia hui i ka Crimean War. Aie i ka shortage o ke dala i ole na Aupuni i hiki ke hoʻokō i nā mea e pono loa ai ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o hoʻokokoke mai i ka Kerch Peninsula. Kēia i kekahi o na kumu o ka hoʻokō 'ole' (i kulike ai me ka helu a pau mawaena o moʻolelo) koa kaua i Rusia. No laila, e hana i ka Loaʻaʻia ke pale ana i ka Kerch pilikia nui ike loea, na Aupuni hoʻoholo i kūkulu i ka ikaika loa pā kaua. ʻO e pono ai wahi no kona wahi ahuula ka AK-nalu i ua wae.

I ka 1856 ua he mua kikoo o ka wā e hiki mai pā o Kerch. Ua Ua hooku iho la ia e General Kaufman. ? Ieoaeunoai i kauoha o Colonel Nat. I ka MH 1859, he papahana hui i ka luna hoʻokele kaulana o ke Keʻena 'enekinia, o ke Kuhina o War Totleben ikeia fortifier. Ua hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka muli o ka hou Lūkini pā kaua ma luna o ka Black Sea mea e kue ana i ke Kuikahi o Paris, e like me a Rusia ka hana i na'lii kaupalena i loko o ka lakou mau māhele 'āina.

mea i manao ai hiʻona

He aha ka mea, i nā hiʻona o ka papahana i wehewehe aku ma ka hana o ka pā kaua o Kerch? Mua o nā mea a pau, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i ka haku polokalamu i manao ai ka mea pono, e waiho i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i laila, i kaʻenemi manuwa moku ma ka puka a hiki i ke kai o Azov he lalo mau bombardment Hawaiian mea kaua. Pā kaua Kerch? Oaony ia e hooikaika ma ka papa kuhikuhiE pāpū "Totleben" hema o ka mea - e hooponopono Minsk lunette akau - Vilna. Ua manao ia e kau ma luna o ke kī pūʻana me nā kūlana hana o ka pakaua oi ma mua o 500 pū. E like me kekahi hapa o ka n ieaie? Kuhikuhi i ka hana o ka poʻe koa o ka oi mamua o 5 tausani kanaka, i waena o lākou -. More ma mua o 1,800 mea kaua. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka pakaua ma Kerch pono e iai? Oaiaaiea e lawelawe loa-manawa kūlana hana.

Hoʻokō 'ana o ka papahana

Ka papahana, e like me ka mea i kūkulu ai i ka pakaua o Kerch, i aponoia i ka 1868. Akā, i ka hana o ka mau Barracks mua i hoomaka ai i loko o ka hoʻoilo o ka 1857. I ka helu o ka oihana mua o ka pā kaua aia ma luna o ka honua, i minimized. Barracks e pili ana me ka kaua nā kūlana hana ma ka lola honua āhua. ʻO ko lākou huina pau loa ua mau kilomika.

Russian Emperor Alexander II kipa mua o ka hale i ka 1861. Ma hope o ka nana ana o ka pā Kerch ka mea i kauoha, e like me ka mea i loko o ka hanohano o ka poe koa, ka poe i ua hoʻopuka kālā kā lākou hana i ke kukulu ana e kukulu, lunettes loaa i ka maikaʻi inoa - Minsk a me Vilna regiment. I huli ai oe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE pakaua i ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o Totleben.

He nui o keia mau iauaeoia oo? Ecia i haawi mai ia i ka nīnau, hoʻolalaʻo e kipa i ka pakaua ma Kerch: "He aha ka ka pololei hana o ka pili?". Maoli, i ka mea i kona kī mall hehee ai ka inoa hope o ka fortifier kaulana, e hoʻoholo i ka inoa, he pono ole o ka manao, a kani e like "pāpū Totleben". Noonoo ole ae i 'ole ua pinepine haawi ia ia e like me: ka lola honua pā kaua ma Kerch. Ka mea i ka nui loa o kona pono, e like me mākou kaulana luna, o lalo o ka honua.

I waena o nā pepeiaohao nui mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo, hōʻikeʻana i ka Auguseto kipa i ka pakaua, i ka i kēia: Colonel Nat Ua hoʻopiʻi 'i nui mau. E hiki no hoi e hoailona oukou i ka 1863 Alexander II, ka mea i loko o ka malama ana me Totleben, hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ka hana o nā pakaua, a me kahi hooikaika i ka na hale. Hope Major General Nat lilo luna ana o ka luna o ka poʻe hao wale i hiki mai i loko o ka wahi o ke kulanakauhale o Kerch. Totleben pakaua ua maoli makaukau no ka makahiki 1877.

Ka wahi o ka pā i kahi o 250 aa. I ka makahiki 1877, ka wā kūkulu o ka hale i kokoke pau, e hoomaka Lūkini-Turkish kaua. Kerch pā ua palena papaha makaukau i harnessing iloko o kaua, akā, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia i ole hana. Me ka outbreak o hostilities i loko o ka Kerch pilikia kūkulu minefield. Koa, mai ka poʻe koa kali i keʻano o battleships o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Akā, e hui pu i ke kaua ka mea, i ole i.

I ka moolelo o ka pā kaua i loko o ka 20th kenekulia

I ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, ua hoonuiia ka helu o ka poʻe koa pā me ka nui loa - i ka 9 tausani kanaka .. Naʻe, i ka 1905 ia hoʻololi kona kūlana, a lilo iho la ia i ka pā kaua-neeaaa. Ma hope o ka pono-ike hanana pili aupuni o 1905 Totleben pāpū lilo i wahi o pili pio ma ka hoʻopaʻahao. Iloko o ka First World War, e like me ka wā o ka pili aupuni instability hahai ana i ke kipi ana o 1917 i ka pā mea e hoʻomau ana i ka oihana koa wahi uku paha. Naʻe, i loko o nā 20s aee kau ma luna o laila, waiho wale aku no i ka aihue. ka bulk o ka aina na hale i lukuia. I ke kakahiaka nui 30 ka pā kekahi manawa hou lilo hoʻohana 'Army - Red Army a me Moana o ka pae'āina i mea e hoonohonoho kona aee.

Pā i loko o wwii

I ka moolelo o ka pā kaua o Kerch mea pili loa aku i ka Apana World War hanana. Pela, ma November 1941, ua pio e Kelemānia poʻe kaua. Iloko o kaua i ka pakaua o na hoopai ana a hiki i kaʻeleu bombing a me ka shelling ma ka mea kaua. ua hiki e uhai i ka hoomalu ana o ke 51 la, a me ka malina kaua, ma hope a lakou i hele aku ai i ka pae'ōnaehana makahiki i loko o nā awāwa o ka Crimean Peninsula Wehrmacht hao wale. hoomaka Soviet poʻe hao wale e kuemi hope.

I ka nele o ka hoʻokō kauoha o ka hoʻoholo ma mua ka hopu ia ma ka pā kaua kēia kanaka Kelemānia Kerch. Akā, i ka mahina, hoomaka ae la hope Kerch-Feodosiya ana, oiai i na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i kipaku mai i ka mokuna o ka Kerch Peninsula. Sea leho a nui caliber, i i waiho ma ka pūnaewele, a hūlili he manawa ma ka hoʻolilo o ke komohewa, e hoʻi i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o ka Soviet kaua. Eia hou, i kekahi manawa, i ka wa Nazi pūʻali kaua hopu i ka hale, i ka poe koa o ka Red Army e hoʻokele i evacuate he nui ka nui o ka materiel, Aia i loko o ka pā kaua, ma ka Taman.

Ma ke kupulau o 1942 ka German air max lawe mai papakaukau bombing o Kerch. Kēia Hoʻokē akula ka Soviet kauoha e hoolilo huahelu i ka pā kaua. Ke kahua ma ka Crimean alo hoʻomohala no ka Red Army mea ole ka oi ala - i loko o May, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, ua kokoke loa i ke kulanakauhale. Front, e kauoha aku i haʻakoiʻia, e hoʻomaka i ke piʻoloke o nā limahana, a me ka hoʻopau o ka oihana koa aee. I 'Apelila makahiki 1944, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua hookuuia Kerch hūlili. Ma hope o ke kaua, hoomaka iho la hou e e hoʻohana i koa me ke koe pūnaewele wahi uku paha. No hoi kekahi hale aku, i ka hoʻopaʻi battalion i loko o laila.

hale käkela i keia la

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka USSR koa naehana hoʻonohoʻia i loko o ka pakaua Kerch, ka mea i disbanded. Kēia Ua ukali ma kekahiʻano o ka luku hoopii e ku ei ka poe kaua a Lonoikamakahiki, hoʻonohoʻia ma luna o ia paena. I ke kakahiaka nui 2000s, nae, o ka hale kākela i hāʻawiʻIa aku ai i ka Historical Kerch a me Nohona Kanaka Reserve. Ua 'ae' o ka noiʻi e hoʻomaka i ka hana pili i ka piha study o ka 'ole, e hana e ho'āpono wale kona mokuna o ka ammunition hopu' aneʻi ma ka Apana World War, e hana i ka makaikai Kauai. Kerch nā kupa a me iauaeoia oo? Ecia, ua hiki ke kipa i kēia kaʻao wahi, a loaaʻi ka ike i kona hanana mōʻaukala.

Ka mea, keʻike i nā huakaʻi i koho, e kipa i ka hale? Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e haohao ia ia iho 'enekinia, manaʻo, ma luna o a ua kūkuluʻia ka pā kaua o Kerch. Photos iauaeoia - ma lalo nei.

Kilakila a puni pā kaua 'ē aʻe mea, e like me ka hale kaʻa, ka lōʻihi - o ka mea o 3 ei, laula, - ma kahi o 15 m, hohonu -. About 5 m + E e hana hoihoi ke nana caponiers. Ma ka palena o ka hana, he mea he nui helu o ka lola honua ala, aee. Ka lōʻihi o kekahi o na tunnels ke aupuni 'lola honua, mea e pili ana 600 ka m.

He aha nā mea kupaianaha 'ō a me ka pā Kerch? Photos o ka tunnel, i ka hapa o ka luna '' ole, ua hōʻike ma lalo - i loko o ka kūpono ka unahiʻole, e hoopii mai ai ke kiai a me ka mahalo ia no ka lōʻihi manawa.

Ua hiki ke kaulana i na mea he nui o ka lola honua nā hale o ka pā Kerch ua nō,ʻaʻole hoʻokolokolo hoakaka.

I kēia manawa o ka pakaua Kerch, Totleben pā kaua a me nā mea i kekahi hapa o ka 'ole o ka hale, i ke kūlana o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu waiwai. He nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia e holo ana i ka Crimea, imi e hele mai iʻaneʻi, lawe i ka huakaʻi o ka wahi o koa nani o Rusia. He aha hana mākaʻikaʻi ma, ka poe i kipa i ka pakaua Kerch, Fort Totleben?

hele Reviews

Iauaeoia oo? Ecia, ka mea e hoʻokele e kipa kēia mau wahi, i makemake. Lākou kilakila a pau: i ka mōʻaukala i hala o ka pakaua Kerch, pālākiō hale, no nā kānakaʻenehana hoʻokō ma kela a me keia o na pauku o ke kūkulu 'ole. He nui kaʻahele ae aku ma ka hele ana i ka Crimea, e kipa i ka pā,ʻo ia kekahi o nā hanana loa nui. Ua hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ka makaikai Kauai o ka pā e mahalo kuaiia ole wale kaʻahele, akā, i akamai, mai ka? Ecia oihana puolo. Ke ana hoʻohālike no ka kūpono helu mńlie like me ka uku kuala o kanaka a hiki i keia wahi, a me nā papa hana o na mea he nui oo? Hana, ke komo pū i ka makaikai ana i kekahi o ka mea nui mōʻaukala wahi i loko o Rusia.

Pehea e kiʻi i nā iauaeoia?

ʻO kekahi mea e e hoihoi i loko o ka wahi mua no ka nui kaʻahele ka poe i manao e hele aku e ike i ka pā kaua o Kerch - na wahi o ka hale. He hiki ke kiʻi i ka moku ahikao oeia №6, i hele mai i ke kaʻa'ōhua wahi. Eia naʻe, i ka uuku hele ma wāwae - e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka hora. E hiki no hoi e noho ma luna o kekahi o na nā kaʻa'ōhua e holo ma ke kauhale Geroevskoe ma Kerch. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana i kekahi. Nui manawa e kiʻi aku i ka "Highway o Ku I o Stalingrad" a me ka "Sunny". A laila 'oe i ke hahai ma ka wawae i Pavlovsk Bay.

Inā kekahi kanaka e hele ana ma ke kaʻa, e ke kipaku aku i ka alanui a hiki i na alanui o Ku I Ka Eltigen Red Hill. Ma hope o -'ōwili ma luna o laila, a hele aku i Tiritakskoy wahi. A laila, e pono e hoʻomau ma Ordzhonikidze Street i DC "Shipwright". Ma hope o - huli ma luna o Ulyanov. Ka mea, e pono e kipaku i ka Uhane Dormition ekalesia, laila huli ma luna o Zyabreva. Ma hope o - ma ka like alanui, a e alakai mai i ka pā kaua o Kerch.

Kekahi ka manaʻo pohihihi i mua ala i ka ho omaulia no iauaeoia oo? Ecia hoʻolalaʻo e kipa i ka pā kaua o Kerch: helu wahi kanu'ōiwi nā mea i kauoha aku kakauia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kiʻi, a e e alakai - lae i ka AK-nalu. Eia naʻe, lāliʻi e pili ana i na wahi o ke kūkulu hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka mōʻaukala a me ka hulikoehana Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a ua Aia ma Kerch ma Ul. Sverdlov, 7. Ma keia hale e hiki kekahi kakauinoa mai i ka huakaʻi o ka hale käkela.

Kekahi koho - e kiʻi ai i ka hana ana o ke kaʻa'ōhua, i mea me ka nui loa oi pipiʻi, akā, me ka rula, ma keia hihia, e hiki ke kipaku mai i ka pakaua kokoke. Ua ka hana i ka oo? Enonei-? Mea,ʻaʻole i loko o Kerch, a ma ka na kulanakauhale e ke aikane, e hele aku e ike i ka pā kaua o Kerch. Pehea e kiʻi iā ia i loko o keia hihia? Mua oe e pono e kii, ma ka mea, a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Kerch. Ka loa kupono ala e hana i kēia - ke kaʻa'ōhua e hele mai Simferopol.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka pā kaua Yenikale

A me ka pā o Kerch i loko o ka Crimea, ka mea, he nui no hoi na pepeiaohao nui mōʻaukala hoʻopunipuni. Kekahi o ia mau mea i aia ma luna o ka mokuna. Mawaena o ka poe - Yenikale pā kaua ma Kerch. Ua Ua nānā hou i nā luna o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, ka poe nona ka Crimea ma mua o kona neʻe aku i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau. 'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akula i kūkulu Yenikale pā ma Kerch ma ka hopena o 17th - i kakahiaka nui 18th kenekulia. Hale mai ka inoa translates i Turkish like me ka "hou kākela". Pā kaua ua ke aupuni 'ana i loko o nā palena o Kerch.

Yenikale Ua waihoʻia Rusia, e like me ke kulanakauhale o Kerch, mai ka 1774. Ua hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ma ka hoʻomaka o ka 19th kenekulia ka hale kokoke nalowale waiwai i loko o ka lākiō o ke koa ana. I ka 1835, i ka pā kaua o ke aupuni 'o ka oihana koa haukapila, ka mea i hana a hiki i 1880. Ma hope o ia, i ka hana o ka lōʻihi manawa 'Imi i hoʻohana. Iloko o ke kaua i loko o ka Great Patriotic Kaua i loko o ka wahi o ka Turkish pā, he kaua Soviet Marine. I ka makahiki 1944 e hoʻokele ka mea, e hookuu aku i kekahi e like hapa o ke kulanakauhale, mai ka Kelemānia komohewa.

He aha hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo hiki ke kaulana e pili ana i ka pā kaua Yenikale? No ka laʻana, ka mea, uaʻike i kona kūkuluʻia i heleʻia e nā kānakaʻenehana, mai Italia a me Farani. Ua ua i ulia i ua waeia, e like me ka manaoio kekahi noiʻi, ka wahi o ka pakaua - ma ke alo o ke kuha puaʻa. Ka mea i hele mau moku i hōʻole i ka manawa eʻoihana kaʻa, a ua aia ma luna o nā kapa o ka mea kaua hiki wale bombard ia. ua hiki ke hoʻohana Taman pā kaua, e like me ka hope o Turkish hao wale.

Yenikale pā kaua i ke kinona kokoke i ka quadrangle. Initially, me ka 'ole o kona pā me ka makana' ole o ka niho. Ka pā i ka ikaika ma kekahi moat. Palapala a me ka papa kuhikuhiE hapa o ka Peninsula ua hoʻolako 'ia e alanui ekolu. Ka mua - mai Kerch, i ka lua o ka -, mai ke kūkulu'ākau mai-hikina kuhikuhi, i ke kolu o ka - ma ka aoao o Dzhankoy.

Ano, ma ka mokuna o ka hale o ke alahao - mai Kerch a hiki i ka waʻapā. Kona hana, e like me ka helu o nā kānakaʻenehana, hiki i nui poino i ka pakaua, i ua mua malalo i ka nui pōʻino ma ka wartime. No laila, ka mea, ua manaoia ia ma hope o ka hana ana o ke alahaka e kuhikuhi ana i ka Krasnodar māhele 'āina a me ka Crimea, ke AYEIE alahao laina ua pani, a me ka neʻeʻana o ka Loko - hoopanee aku i ka papakaukau kumu.

Inā mākou makemake e kipa Yenikale pakaua paa i loko o Kerch, pehea e kiʻi iā ia? Kēia 'ole kahi i ka mamao o 11 ei, mai ke kikowaena kaʻa'ōhua ku o Kerch. 'Oe e hiki aku i laila, e like me he koho, he moku ahikao kaʻa' ohua i kŰlń ao, mai ke kaʻa'ōhua a hiki i ke kai waʻapā. Kēia hale a me ka pā o Kerch mea ma ka mamao loa - ma kahi o 15 ei ma ka alanui, ma kahi o 10 km - ma ke kai. Yenikale ua aia a hiki i ka hikina o ka kikowaena hapa o Kerch, ua aʻo ma luna o ka pā kaua - a hiki i ke kūkulu hema. He mau hale i aia ma luna o ka mokuna.

No ka mea, he nui iauaeoia oo? Ecia ka mea na hiohiona likeʻole i loko o ka mamao ma waena o ka mea - i he anakahi, a me ka mea, ua pomaikai lakou, e hui pu iho la i ke kipa i nā iauaeoia i loko o kekahi polokalamu. Pakaua Yenikale a me Kerch, e moe ana ma ke kahakai, i loko o na mea i nā o ia - ka kūlana kahua o ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu hoʻoilina o Rusia. He nui kaʻahele waiho manaʻo ma poʻomanaʻo online, portals, manaʻo i ke kanaka ka mea makemake aku e makaikai i na Hawaii o ka Kerch Peninsula, ia mea pono e kipa nā hale aliʻi.