"Phenytoin": aʻo no ka hoʻohana 'ana, analogs, haku mele' ana

He aha mea kēia lāʻau 'like "Phenytoin" Na Ke Kumu no ka hoʻohana ana i analogues o ai' me ka ia hana 'Oponopono i hōʻike' ia ma lalo nei.

Nine waiwai a me ke ano o

"Phenytoin" a me ka mea hana 'Oponopono oia hoi kekahi o Anati-epileptic laau lapaau. He He derivative o hydantoin, kokoke loa i ka barbituricʻakika (nānā 'ana i kā lākou Nine Inch' ole).

I ka waiwai ma ka nīnau ua komo i loko o ka papa inoa o ka nui o na laau ma MEA, me pono me ka papa inoa o ka nui lāʻau.

Phenytoin (olelo ao no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka ke keʻena, e hoʻokū 'i hoakaka ia) Ua synthesized i ka makahiki 1908 ka makahiki. A wale nō a hiki i ka 1937-ko ia anticonvulsant kulai i haʻawina.

Kēia waiwai a pau o ka lepo (mea pōaka) o ke keʻokeʻoʻeleʻele, i mea kokoke insoluble i loko o ka wai. Kēia hui paha e ia ka pono i loko o ka 1% pāʻoihana o caustic mekala 'åkilikai.

Currently i loaʻa ku una ha o na papa io "Phenytoin", e like me ia hoʻi, no ka parenteral hooponopono.

pharmacology

Pehea ke ano o ka lāʻau "Phenytoin"? Na Ke Kumu no ka hana hōʻike 'ana i kēia Agena i Anati-convulsive, Anati-arrhythmic, antiepileptic a me ka Muscle relaxant ka waiwai.

Anticonvulsant ha awina o keia la hoomalolo oia hoi, i ke kiʻekiʻe. Eia naʻe, i kona koho 'aʻole i i drowsiness a me ka lethargy.

Phenytoin kapaia ka hoʻokō Bio-ka pila stabilizer. I ka lawe ana kiʻekiʻe nā māhele o ka waiwai, ka mea hiki ke alakai i ka poe ilihune ōhumu o kanaka neʻeʻana.

Noʻonoʻo hoʻi haʻalele no ka CNS, maoli he excitability paepae, mai ka antiarrhythmic ana ma luna o ka naʻau, a me ho'ēmi i kā i ka uku o ka hooholo ana i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale o ka mea nana i ulana lala hihia a me Purkinje olona.

Keʻano papa hana o ka hana ana i ka lāʻau '

Nānā 'ana i nā mea like me ia ka lapaʻauʻia "Phenytoin"? Instruction Hawaii i ka rula o ka hookoia ana i na kino o ke kanaka hoi no aole i hiki maopopo hoomaopopo. Eia naʻe, poe akamai i hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ke kumu hiʻona o keia mea paahana o kona hiki e stabilize membranes (neuronal) synaptic pili 'o Randy o nā aʻalolo keena a me ke kino.

Mamuli no ia 'ole, i ka lāʻau' ke kali i ka laha ana o neuronal excitation e like me ka ho'ēmi i kāʻili 'ana i hope.

hiʻona kālā

Ke kupaianaha hoolaia "Phenytoin"? Na Ke Kumu no e pono ai ia mau moʻolelo i konaʻeleu waiwai maikaʻiʻole ia ma ka autonomic ganglia, spinal kaula a me ka lolo'aʻaʻa, naau, a me kona lawelawe'ōnaehana,ʻike ākea nä olonä a me laumania Muscle o ka intestinal a me ka naʻau a me nā ipu.

E loaa ana keia k ho'ēmi i kā paʻakai lehulehu i loko o neurons, kōkua i ka amo ana o paʻakai Ion, mai na keena, a me ke emi intracellular kalipuna ka neʻe 'ana.

It E e kaulana no hoi i noʻonoʻo lapaau e loli ai i ka hana ana o fibroblasts, glial keena, a me ka endocrine. Ua Ua i kona hiki e hōʻeleu i eha hoola, e uhi i ka ha awina o receptors (glutamate), hoʻoikaika lako hou no o oxygen i na keena, nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko ma ka kumu o ka hypoxia a me toxins kaʻapu kōheoheo loaa.

Lālau aʻela ia i ka lāʻau ma pākōlea nā māhele, ka mea, i ka mehana toning a me ka malimali, a me ka 'ole-addictive.

kinetics

Mai phenytoin substance ka paka? Na Ke Kumu no ka hoʻohana (heʻano o ke kalaʻana o ka ia inoa lāʻau i ua kapaʻia ma luna) hākālia nō ia o ka moʻolelo hooponopono o ka lāʻau ke keʻena o kēia 'ano wale ke kemu ma ke kino o ka hoʻomanawanui. Naʻe, i ka pharmacokinetic kiko'î a noʻonoʻo pono hoʻi e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane nunui i loko o kekahi pūʻulu o nā mea maʻi.

I ka lani kiekie loa lehulehu o ka lāʻau i loko o ke koko ua loaʻa i loko o 5-14 hola (i ka 28 hola no ka papa hoʻomanaʻo). Ke kanawai o ka moʻolelo hooponopono o ka lāʻau ua malama i loko e pili ana i ka hora, a ma hope o ka intravenous hooponopono - he mau minuke ma hope.

Kokoke 80% o kaʻeleu waiwai ua pili ia me ke koko wai koko nā polokina. People me ka hakuʻala maʻi, ke uku ke hiki 43%.

E like me na ao ana o na dala 'ano koke lanakila i ke koko-lolo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. Ma keia hihia, ka mea, ua māhele ia ma aneane pau nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko.

About 5% o ka phenytoin ua outputted ma nā puʻupaʻa. Me ka pili ana i ka pilina i koe, ka mea, ua metabolized i loko o ke ake, a hoohuliia mai i loko o AEeOEXAaI paraoksifenily a me ka glucuronide, a laila haʻalele i ke kino a me ka bile.

Pehea la au e lawe i ka ka lapaʻauʻia "Phenytoin"? I ka hana o keia k ua hoikeia mai me ka phenobarbital, nā wikamina D a me K, e like me nā protivoepileptikami. Wale i keia hihiaʻo ia e ia me kona mana i hiki.

hoike

Ma kekahi mau hihia, hoʻohana ai 'me kaʻeleu' Oponopono, like phenytoin? Na Ke Kumu no ka hoʻohana (papa a me ka pāʻoihana e waiho aku wale nō inā pilikia ka haumāna Kauka) Hōʻike ke kēia nāʻikepili:

• epilepsy;
• manawa ma hope oʻoki kino a me ka trauma (me ke kāohi lāʻau);
• ventricular a me supraventricular arrhythmia, i i ke kumu ma ka overdose o antidepressants a me cardiac glycosides;
• kūlana epilepticus me ka helehelena eiiieaena kāʻili 'ana a me ka tonic-clonic kāʻili' ana;
• Meniere ka maʻi pale;
• trigeminal neuralgia, me ka e kū'ē'ē mai i ka carbamazepine;
• ulcerative colitis ole nanaina aku na naau oʻu maʻi pale (ma ka ineffectiveness'ē aʻe Inc);
• ka haunaele o ka manao keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana,' ano 'kāna hana;
• strabismus a me ka glaucoma;
• 'āno'ē e noho kaʻina ('ā, kahua niho caries, ulceration a me ka scleroderma);
• relapsing wela a me ka hypothalamic maʻi pale.

Contraindications

Nānā akula au i ka lapaʻauʻia hiki ole e hoʻohana 'ia:

• cachexia paha leukopenia;
• lactation;
• nui maʻi o na puʻupaʻa, a ake;
• naau ole, af-blockade o 2nd a 3rd degere, bradycardia;
• hypersensitivity i kaʻeleu waiwai;
• porphyria;
• maʻi pale o Morgagni-Adams-Stokes;
• hāpai keiki.

Nō hoʻi, mālama nui e e kū'ē'ē ana i loko o nā mea maʻi i mimikō mellitus, alcoholism, ka wā lupus erythematosus, a hyperthermia.

Medicine "Phenytoin": kauoha no ka hoʻohana

Ke laʻau heluna o ka lāʻau ua koho pākahi ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hoʻomanawanui i ka makahiki a me ka maʻi.

I ka epileptic maʻi mahele lāʻau e e kekahi mau manawa haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka epilepsy. oiaiʻai Medicine ma ka Akala a palapala lawe wale.

Na kela la i keia mahele lāʻau no kanaka makua nā mea maʻi dala i 1-3 o na papa io (māheleʻia i loko o nā māhele 2-3). Inā pono, hiki e mahuahua i keia helu i ka 4 o na papa io o ka lā.

ʻO kā mākou laʻau heluna o ka lapaʻauʻia no ka lā he 8 o na papa io. Ma keia hihia, i ka manawa o ka hoʻomanawanui hiki wale lawe 3 papa.

Ma ka iapaau ana o na keiki ma lalo o 5 makahiki e hoonoho i ¼ papa palua i ka lā. Kids 5-8 makahiki - i loko o ka ia nui, akā, 3 a me 4 manawa i ka lā.

Children ka mea, ua hoopili i ka makahiki o ka 8,? Aeiiaiaiaaia e hāʻawi 1-2 o na papa io i loko o 2 māheleʻia nā māhele.

Ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka hana maikaʻi a me keia mea paahana ua ho'ākāka' ia wale nō ma ka hoʻomalu.

Hana ma-ke ano

Lapaʻauʻia phenytoin ai au i kēia 'undesirable waiwai:

• Skin allergy, lapuwale ia morbilliform (e hooki lakou i ka lāʻau a hiki i ka noʻonoʻo symptoms).
• Loa allergic reactions (hoʻomaka ai kākaʻikahi), kuni, nui poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole, Stevens-Johnson maʻi pale, erythema, angioedema, hepatitis.
• Gingival hyperplasia, macrocytosis, osteomalacia, megaplasticheskaya anaemia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, hirsutism, haemolytic anaemia, lymphadenopathy.
• Mahele lāʻau-e kaukaʻi kāna hana o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, maka, mau lehelehe, a me nā lihilihi fibrillation, uunu nui, ataxia, pōniuniu, tremor, Kanikani'āʻula, irritability, sensory neuropathy ( 'ia me ka hooloihi ae i kiʻekiʻe nā māhele).
• Hypertrichosis, coarsening o lehalehu t hiʻona, hyperpigmentation, ke kaupaonaʻana poho, arthritis.

Ua E hoi e kaulana i ka wā o ka loaa ana i ka mahele lāʻau mua, i ke ahonui e hoʻomōhala kēiaʻaoʻao hopena o gastrointestinal kāna hana, elevation o ke akepaa nā'ūhū, nausea, dyspepsia, gastralgia a me ka gastritis. hiki e käpae 'ia ka muli o ia mau' ole inā e lawe huaale wale nō iʻai.

hihia o ka overdose

Noi o ka lāʻau noʻonoʻo ma kiʻekiʻe nā māhele no ka hoʻolōʻihiʻia manawa ke alakai i ke kūpono 'ana o ke ataxia, nystagmus, hyperkinesis, sensory neuropathy, a me ka diplopia. Nō hoʻi, he ahonui e hoike epilepsy waiwai, hyperglycemia, a me ka nanea ana.

It E e kaulana ia keia waiwai a mea i maopopo antidote. Inc e halihaliia oia iwaho e like me ka hoike symptoms.

i kekahi Mau 'ike

O na dala hiki ole ke ho opa ao ana nā mea maʻi me ka epilepsy, e like me keia e i ke kūpono 'ana o ka maʻi pale. Inā 'oe makemake e hoole i kaʻae ia (no ka laʻana, allergies a hypersensitivity), oe e hoʻohana Anati-kāʻili' ana i ka lapaʻauʻia o kekahi ano keia ano.

Lapaau ana i na dala mai ka hopena ma luna o ka iliwai o ka naʻokoko, bilirubin, 'ākilikai phosphatase, ake nā'ūhū, monakō koko, kalipuna i loko o ke koko lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka hōmona thyroxine.

I haiia ae maluna,, i ka waiwai phenytoin ua metabolized ma ke akepaʻa, no laila, oiai ka mea, ua pono e oi loa aku hoi manao i kanaka me ka akepaʻa ole e loaa ana.

Inā kekahi kanaka i mua, ua malamaia hypersensitivity i hydantoin anticonvulsants, alaila, o ka waiwai a mea i hiki allergy.

Ma lapaau, i ka hoʻomanawanui ua hiki ole e kipaku aku i kekahi kaʻa, a hana hoʻopōʻino hana.

Analogs a me nā hōʻike manaʻo

He aha e puku i ka antiepileptic lāʻau "Phenytoin"? Analogues o keia Agena pihaʻi me na ia hana 'Oponopono. Mau laau lapaau nā nā kēia: "Difenin", "diphenylhydantoin" a me ka "Dilantin".

Ka hapa nui hōʻike manaʻo o ka hoʻomanawanui iki mai ma lalo o noonoo mea maikaʻi. Ka mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka lāʻau 'oia hoi Ka hali' ana o kona kulana hiki wawe ka. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i he uuku nui, a aole hoi i kona anticonvulsant waiwai a hiki ma hope o hooloihi ae i hooponopono lilo.

Mākou E hoi e hoailona oukou i ka mea, he wahi lihi iki o ka maikaʻi hōʻike manaʻo no keia kaa, i haʻalele nā mea maʻi i lawe ia i loko o ka luna 'Inc.