Radio - inoa i loko o ke kiʻikuhi. Pehea e heluhelu i nā designations o ka Radio eiiiiiaiou i loko o ka noaia?

Ma kēia 'atikala oe, e aʻo ka mea i ka Radio. Ke notation ma ke kiʻikuhi e like me ka moku'āina mau hae e e noʻonoʻo. E hoʻomaka me ka loa, he pono ole - resistors a me capacitors.

E ohi i kekahi 'ole, ka mea, mea pono e ike pehea e nana i ka ike maopopo o ka Radio, e like me pehea ka mea, e ia ma ka pou wahi i puhi ai. He nui lolouila eiiiiiaiou - transistors, capacitors, resistors, diodes, a pela aku.

capacitors

Capacitors - ka mea, 'o nā lāliʻi e hana ana ma kekahi manao ole a koe. I hookuu, ka loa hemahema hoi capacitors ho i na papa metala elua. A i loko o ka lewa hana like me ka dielectric ke keʻena. Pono e hoomanao i ka haʻawina o ke kālaikūlohea ma ke kula, i ka wa a lakou i hele ai i ke kumuhana o ka capacitors. E like me ke kumu hoʻohālike, he mau nui i lalo na apana o ka hao a shape. Aku la a kokoke kekahi i kekahi, alaila, ku. A ma kēlā me kēia kūlana ana hanaia. It E e kaulana i kahi o ka lewa hiki ke hoʻohana Mika, e like me kekahi mea i pili ole hoʻomaka ka pilaʻikena. Designations Radio eiiiiiaiou ma laweia mai walaʻauʻana lauana okoa, mai ka poe hoaai, ia i loko o ko kakou aina.

E noke iʻike mau capacitors 'aʻole i kekahi, DC. Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka alternating he hele ma ia me kekahi pilikia. E ho ohana i keia waiwai, wale i ka condenser kahi mea mea pono, e hookaawale i ka ee iaaanu aey ke keʻena i loko o ka DC. Nolaila, he mea hiki no e i like paha kaapuni (ma ka Kirchhoff ka theorem):

1. I ana, he alternating he mea pihana alakaʻi mele Hoʻohana ua auou caiaiai me Aʻohe e kū'ē'ē mai.
2. I ana, ke DC loulou mea pihana UAIAaIN e (ʻaʻohe,ʻaʻole he naʻe!) E kū'ē'ē mai.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka mea pihana o ka pou capacitance. nona iho pa alima - he Farad. He loa nui. I ka mea, e like me ka rula, hoʻohana capacitors, capacitance Ua ana i loko o microfarads, nF, microfarads. Manaʻo mea pihana ua denoted like elua laua dashes, ma i nā huakai hele.

ee iaaanu aey capacitors

Aia ka hoi ia ano o ka mea, ma i ka capacitance ua hoʻololi (i loko o keia hihia ku i ka mea i loaʻa i ka hāʻuleʻana papa). Nona iho hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā Ana o ka una honua (i loko o ka haʻilula S - o kona wahi), a me ka mamao ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo. Ka ee iaaanu aey mea pihana me ka lewa dielectric laʻana, mahalo i ka hoʻoneʻe hapa o ka wahi hiki ke koke hoʻololi. No laila, ka mea e loli a me ka 'auhau. Akā, ma ka inoa o ka lolouila eiiiiiaiou i loko o ka haole manaʻo mea iki okoa. A mea pale mū holapū, no kekahi laʻana, ua depicted me kekahi lahuikanaka i mokumokuia laina hālawa.

Kekahi 'ano o ka ee iaaanu aey capacitors - trimmers. Ka mea i hoʻohana nui i ka manaʻo i loko o a he mea he ikaika kaukaʻi ma ka parasitic capacitances. A ina oe e hoʻouka i kekahi mea pihana me ka ikaika nui, a laila, e ole ka hana pololei i ka pau 'ole. Nolaila, ia mea pono ke hookupaa aku i kekahi ao hehee ai ia ma hope o hopeʻaha kanaka hiki hoʻomaʻa, a koho i ka e pono ai ke kulana. Ke kiʻikuhi i hoʻokohu 'ia ma ka like me ka mau, akā, laua papa ulupaia pua.

ʻano loaʻa capacitors

Kēia mau kumu mua i ka oko ao ma ka manao, a me na mea mai a lakou i hana ai. Oe ke koho i ka loa hanohanoʻano o nā insulators:

1. Air.
2. Mika.
3. Pottery.

Akā, i kēia pili wale ole-Polar eiiiiiaiou. Aia i electrolytic capacitors (Polar). Ua mea i loko o kēia mau kumu, ua nui loa nā pihana'ū - HEN, mai kekahi mau tenths o microfarads, a pau kekahi mau tausani. Nō hoʻi i loko o kēia mau kumu mua o ka ipu, he mea kekahi koho - i ka i kā mākou anakahi uila ma i kona hoʻohana ua ae. Mau mea kiko'î i palapala ia ma ka nńnń, a ma luna o ka mea pihana hihia.

Designations capacitors ma manaʻo

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i loko o ka hihia o ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ole ee iaaanu aey capacitors i hōʻike mau waiwai - ka palena iki, a i kā mākou nona iho. I ka mea ma luna o ka hihia e hiki mau loaʻa i kekahi huahelu ma i ka hoomalule ana nona iho ina ka mokuna crank iho (axis) mai kekahi lōʻihi a hiki i ka 'ē aʻe.

Lawe ka mea, he naʻe ee iaaanu aey mea pihana 9-240 (paʻamau Ana i loko o picofarads). Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ia me ka palena iki o ke ano papa capacitance o 9 pF. A ma ka i kā mākou - 240 pF. He waiwai ina hookolokolo ma oi au mamuli o ka inoa o ka Radio eiiiiiaiou ma ke ano, a me ko lakou inoa, e e hiki ke heluhelu pololei ka oaoieei-palapala kuhikuhi.

hoʻohui capacitors

Koke, eia ekolu ano (a pau, he mea no ka nui loa) i huiʻia o nā kumu mua:

1. Pahuhopu nei - ka huina nona iho o ke kaula holoʻokoʻa mea nō mea e hoʻomaulia. Ka mea, e ia i loko o keia hihia, ka mea, o ka huina hoonui o nā kumu o ka poʻina nalu, puunaueia ma kā lākou mau huina.
2. Ia laua - ma keia hihia, e huli i ka huina nona iho, a hiki maʻalahi. Oe Pono, e hoʻouka hou aku au nona iho o nā hoa a pau o ke kaula o capacitors.
3. I hui pūʻia - ma keia hihia, no ka huakai kaapuni ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau wahi. Mākou ke i aku nei au i ua Nohie - hoʻokahi wale nō ke kuleana o kekahi mau oihana mua e pili ana ma ka laua, o ka lua - wale kūpono.

A me keia mea like he hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā capacitors, ma ka mea o ka hailonaʻana no lākou ke'ōlelo, e hāʻawi aku i laʻana o ke awa o hoʻokolohua.

Resistors: mau 'ike

Mau kumu mua Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi 'ole - ka mea, i loko o ka Radio pa alima, a hiki nae i loko o ka mana huakai kaapuni no ka microcontroller. Kēia porcelain şarkı ma i kaʻaoʻao ma waho e paa anaʻawa he lahilahi metala ho film (kalapona - i loko o ua kalaponaʻeleʻele). Eia naʻe,ʻo ka graphite hiki ke hoopili - i ka hopena, e e like. Inā na resistors i ka loa haʻahaʻa ia'ku, a kiʻekiʻe nona iho ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka lawelawe, ahu iho nichrome uea.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka mea pale mū holapū - kēia e kū'ē'ē mai. Hoʻohana 'ia ma ka pou i puhi ai, e kau aku i ka makemakeʻikena cia i loko o kekahi mau wahi i puhi ai. I ke kālaikūlohea Ua like papa me ka barela piha i ka wai ina ke anawaena loli o ke paipu, he mea hiki, e hooponopono i ka mämä holo o ka mokulele hēkī. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka mānoanoa o ka lawelawe, ahu iho hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ea. Na thinner keia ahu iho la ka, ka mea kiekie oia ka mea e kū'ē'ē mai. Ma keia hihia, i ka hōʻailona ma nā kiʻikuhi o ka lolouila eiiiiiaiou mai i hilinaʻi ma o ka nui o ka hehee ai.

paʻa resistors

Me ka pili ana i kēia mau kumu, o ka loa e like me ka ano e:

1. Metallized wela-hoʻopale lacquer - abbreviated MLT.
2. Kūpono e kū'ē'ē mai - (Kaonohiokala)
3. Carbon lacquered olelo hoopomaikai - ULM.

Mea pale mū holapū mau papa kuhikuhiE kiko'î - mana a me ka ea. Ka hope aiao ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o ohms. Akā, i kēia pa alima o ka ana ka loa uuku, no laila, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine halawai me na kumu no i ka ia'ku ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o megohms a me ka kiloomah. Mana ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o watts wale. A, o ka hehee ai Ana hilinaʻi ma o ka mana. Ke nui ia mea, no ka nui hehee ai. Ano, i ka mea, he inoa o ka Radio eiiiiiaiou. Ke kiʻikuhi o ka i laweia mai, a wahi lulu manaʻo i nā kumu a pau i ke kaha maha ma naʻano likeʻole.

I wahi lulu i puhi ai mea pale mū holapū - mea he uuku rectangle me ka lākiō hiʻohiʻona o ka 1: 3, a me kona mea kiko'î hoakakaʻaoʻao (ina ka hehee ai ua ke aupuni 'hoʻopapakū) a ma luna (i loko o ka hihia o papamoe wahi). Mua haawi i ka Roma palapala R, he laila - ka pūkaʻina helu ana o ka mea pale mū holapū i loko o ka huakai kaapuni.

Ka ee iaaanu aey mea pale mū holapū (potentiometer)

Ikaika e kū'ē'ē mai; a ua pololei mau hopena a. Akā, aiaiiuo - ekolu. I pou i puhi ai, a hehee wale ma luna o ka hale noho Hōʻike ka ia'ku ma waena o ka hopena hui 'ana elua. Akā, ma waena o kaʻawelike, a kekahi o ka lōʻihi ia'ku, e oko ma luna o ka kulana o ka mea pale mū holapū iho (axis). Ma keia hihia, ina e hoʻohui i ka mau ohmmeter, he mea hiki i ka ike ana i ka waiwai o kekahi ma kaʻaoʻao uuku e hoʻololi, a me ka lua o ka - he nui. E Pono e maopopo pehea e heluhelu kaapuni mīkini uila no. Inoa o ka Radio eiiiiiaiou mea no hoi e ike ole ia ia ka poino.

Ka huina ia'ku (ma waena o ka hopena maʻi) koe ua hoʻololiʻia. Ee iaaanu aey resistors i hoʻohana e hoʻomaʻa i ka waiwai (me kā lākou kōkua oe hoʻololi i ka buke o ka Radio, TV). Eia hou, e hoʻomano hoʻohana ee iaaanu aey resistors i loko o nā kaʻa. Kēia wahie pae nā mea e loaʻa ka mea nalo, hoʻi ke kuapo māmā holo o ka uila Hawaii, kau iho olinolino.

hoʻohui resistors

Ma keia hihia, ke kiʻi loa ka aʻe o ia i ua me na capacitors:

1. Series pili - impedance o nā kumu i loko o ke kaulahao pelupelu ia.
2. Laua pilina - i ka huina hoonui o ka ia'ku i puunaueia ma ka huina.
3. I hui pūʻia - ka a pau noaia ua hoʻohioloʻia i loko o liʻiliʻi kaulahao, a he pōpilikia ma ka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ma keia hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, e ke pani i nā resistors, a hoʻomaka e wehewehe i ka loa hoihoi 'hehee - mea uholo uila (i kapa i ka lolouila eiiiiiaiou ma i puhi ai Koo no ASB, kūkā mai ma lalo nei).

semiconductors

'O kēia ka nui loa o nā mea a pau radioactive hehee wale, e like me ia ma ka helu o nā semiconductors mai nā' ole wale zener diodes, transistors, diodes, akā, varicap, variconds, thyristors, triacs,? Inoaia, etc. Ae, IC - .. Aole he hookahi aniani, a hiki e he nuiʻano o ka Radio - a me capacitors, a me resistors, a me ka pa-n hookui ana.

E like me oe i ike, eia conductors (ke hooheheeia, no ka laʻana), insulators (laau, ea, lole). Aia paha e likeʻole lolouila eiiiiiaiou notation ma noaia (triangle - hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha diode ole zener). Akā, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka triangle me nā kumu i hōʻike Logical'āina i loko o ka' enehana iee?.

Kēia mau mea i kekahi lawelawe paha ole, ka nānā 'ana paha ka mea, i loko o kekahi mau moku'āina o aggregation. Akā, he mau semiconductors, i ka waiwai o ka i oko ma kekahi olelo. Kēia mea, e like me silikone, germanium. Ma ke ala, i ke aniani hiki i ke hapa wahi i semiconductors - ka mea, aole ia i hoʻomaka uila, akā, ma ka paio hahana maoli nō i ke kiʻi, ua pau loa hoʻi i ka maʻamau kulana.

Diodes a me zener

A mea uholo uila diode wale ua mau nā uila aʻa lolo: he cathode (io) a me ka anode (maikaʻi). Akā, i loaʻa nā hiʻona i loko o keia Radio? Designations ke ike ma luna o ka luna pakuhi. No laila, e hoʻohui i ka mana lako i ka anode o ka hoʻohui, a me ka hua no ka cathode. Ma keia hihia, ka uila he e kahe mai kekahi'ūholo uila i kekahi. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka hehee ai i loko o keia hihia ka loa haʻahaʻa e kū'ē'ē mai. Ano, e hiki ke hana i ka hoʻokolohua, a ua hoʻohui i ka na pu ki aloha ma luna o ka mea ku ole, i ka wa a ka ia'ku o ka papa ua mahuahua ma kekahi mau manawa, aʻo ia ke hou hele. A ina o ka diode mua alternatingʻikena, haawi ana i ka ikaika (albeit me hōʻemi iki fluctuations). Ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i ke alahaka huakai kaapuni ka hoʻohuiʻana elua hapa-ana e haʻalele i (maikaʻi).

Zener diodes, e like me diodes, nō o nā nā uila aʻa lolo - he anode a me ka cathode. Ka pololei hoʻi o kēia hehee ai hana i ka like me kūkākūkā ma luna diode. Akā, inā 'oe e ka mea pono ma ka e ku pono kuhikuhi, e hiki ke ike i kekahi mea hoihoi' kiʻi. Initially, ka zener diode 'aʻole e hele ma waena o kaʻikena ia iho. Akā, i ka wa a ke anakahi uila kīnā i kekahi waiwai, aia no he hālāwai hope, a me ka hehee ai e lawelawe aiʻikena. He anakahi uila noaaeeecaoee. Loa maikai waiwai, ma muli o ia i ka mea, huli mai e loaʻa ai i ka hale hānai anakahi uila i loko o nā wahi i puhi ai, loa pakele o kuekueni, o ka mea liilii loa. Inoa o ka lolouila eiiiiiaiou i loko o nā manaʻo - i loko o ka palapala o ka triangle, a ma kona piko - ka hiʻona i mea p ÷ haku i ke kiʻekiʻe.

transistors

Inā ka zener diodes, a hiki i kekahi manawa, a hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka manao, i ka transistors hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi (koe wale no ka ka loaʻaʻana o ka pa alima). I pākali hoʻolele na nā uila aʻa lolo ekolu:

1. Base (abbreviated ma ka palapala "B" Ua hōʻike).
2. Ke ÿauhau (C).
3. Ke emitter (E).

Transistors e ae ke hana i loko o kekahi mau 'ole, akā, loa pinepine e hoʻohana' ia ka mea, i loko o ka amplification a me ke ki (e like me ke kuapo). Oe ke hana i kekahi e like me ka pepeiaohao - hooho i ka waihona ipu, listen leo lele mai o ka? Aieeeua. A no ka mea emitter hoʻopaʻa i kona lima - ka mea, o ka hihia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o transistors - ka waiwai (ka lākiō o ke ÿauhau pono a me ke kumu). He kēia aiao a me ka poʻe kaua o nā mea i ke kumu no keia Radio. Omaka ma ka huakai kaapuni i loko o ka pākali hoʻolele - ka vertical laina a me ka laina elua mea e pono iā ia ma ka huina. kekahi o ka loa e like me ka ano o transistors hiki ke hōʻike ':

1. Polar.
2. Bipolar.
3. Field.

Aia nō i ka pākali hoʻolele aha oia hoi o ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka ikaika hehee wale. Mau mea i ka loa, he pono ole, eia Radio. Omaka ma ke ano i kūkākūkā i ka pauku.