Sturmovik "Grach" Su-25: ho'ākāka, nā'ike loea, ki'i

'O nā hanana i Suria a me ka komo pū'ana o ka pū'ulu hau Lūkia i loko o lākou, ua ho'okomo aku i ka nānā'ana i ka papahana hanahana o ko mākou Air Force. He mea pono ke mana'o'ia e ho'ohana'ia nā mokulele hou i kēia manawa no ka ho'okō'ana i ka misionari ma ka'āina o ka'āina'ē, no ka mea,'a'ole i nui ka heluna. Ma waena o nā mokulele like'ole, me nā mea hou loa, hopu iā Su-25 "Grach", i hō'ike'ia i loko o ke kaua'Amelika. He aha ke'ano o ia? He kaulana kaulana kēia ka'a no kona mau'ano hakakā, nā mo'olelo e pili ana.

'O ka puka o ka mana'o

'O ka hemahema no kēlā ka'a e like me ka pū'ali koa Soviet i ka hapalua o ka 60 o nā makahiki. Ka loa Popular examples o ka holo pono o ka USSR Air Max i ia manawa, ua maikaʻi hakakā mokulele MiG-21, MiG-23, MiG-19, SU-7B a me Yak-28. 'O kekahi o lākou i ka wā i hana'ia ai nā ho'ouka kaua i nā kūlana o ka'enemi ma'amau, akā, akā, ua maopopo i nā po'e lapa'au i nā hakakā hakakā maoli,'a'ole paha e loli ka hopena o kēlā me ke ea. 'O ka'oia'i'o, me kona mau mea pono a pau, ua hana'ia kēia'ano no nā hana'ē a'e. 'O ke kumu,'o kēia nā pūkuniahi, ua ho'olako'ia me nā suspensions o waho no nā mea kaua i ka honua. Eia nō na'e, he mau holokai (e like me ka Su-7B like'ole), akā,'o ka ulu wikiwiki'ana o ka pale o ka ea ma mua i ka pū'ulu o nā'enemi kū'ē'ole i ho'onāukiuki i ka mana'o nui loa. Ka mea, ua ka War, Vietnam i haawi aku i kekahi hanana i ka wa pono e noiʻi i ka ike ana o na pailota (pinepine kaumaha) 'Amelika, a kuhikuhi i mau kiʻi o ke kuanaʻike mokulele lepo kākoʻo hana.

Ke wehewehe o ke'ano'oihana

I ka makahiki 1969, ua kono'ia kekahi mau kālepa ho'okele o nā mokulele, a me nā mea kaulana loa (Mikoyan, Yakovlev, Ilyushin, Sukhoi) e komo i ka ho'okūkū no ka papahana o ke kāko'o o ka laina mua. 'O kēia mau'oihana a pau i kā lākou'ano iho, kula a me ka'ike, e like me nā mea i loa'a i ka wā o ka Great Patriotic War. I ka pau'ana o nā makahiki he kanakolu,'a'ole'o S. V. Ilyushin i hana i kahi lele kūikawā maika'i loa, a nāna i hana i kēia hana kaua. I kēia manawa, pono mākou e ho'ohālikelike i kahi mea like, e no'ono'o wale ana i ka manawa kūpono hou. 'O ka mokulele, e like me ka pū'ali koa, e loa'a i kēia mau'ano kūpono:

• Ka hiki ke kōkua pono i nā pū'ali koa o ke aupuni i ka pā'ani o nā hakakā'āina;
• 'O ka hiki ke ho'okō i nā mikioni kaua ma ka pō'ai a me ka'ike'ole, he zero'ole;
• Nā manawa a pau;
• 'O ke kūlana ki'eki'e ki'eki'e, i'ike'ia me ka ikaika o ke ahi i ka'enemi;
• 'O ke ahi firepower a me ke'ano o nā mea kaua,'o ia ho'i nā mea kaua nui loa;
• 'O ka mokulele he mea ma'alahi, kūpono'ole i nā'ano hana a hiki ke ma'alahi.

Ua lanakila ka Sukhoi Design Bureau i ka ho'okūkū, hā'awi'o ia i kahi ki'i o ka T-8, i lilo i mea hō'ailona o ka mokulele kaua mua mua "Grach" Su-25.

He'umi makahiki o ka hana

'A'ohe pono e ha'i i nā kiko piha e pili ana i ka hana'ana o kēia mokulele. Ua hana'o ia i kāna lawe mua'ana i ka makahiki 1975 (pilote Ilyushin), a ma ia lā a'e, ua ho'onohonoho'ia nā kumumana'o no ka hana ho'okūkū (Tbilisi uila pūnaewele). 'O kekahi mau makahiki'ehā i hana i ka hana, a ma ka makahiki 1979, ho'omaka'ia ka ho'oku'u. Mālama'ia e ka MP MP Simonov a me O. S. Samoilovich. Ua hō'ike aku'o Sturmovik Su-25 "Grach" i nā hi'ohi'ona nani loa āna i ho'okomo koke ai i nā'oihana kaua ma luna o nā panalā'au o'Alalani, a laila e ho'okolokolo ana i nā hana hakakā maoli.

Kūkulu

I ka helehelena,'a'ole kahi'olu'olu o kēia mokulele, he'ano ki'i "humpbacked" ia, no ka pahu waikole ma hope o ka hale noho o ka pilot, akā'o ka ho'opunipuni ka ho'opunipuni. Ua kūkulu'ia'o Su-25 Grach e like me ka ma'amau monoplane ma'amau. Hāpai'ia ka'ēheu, ho'okumu'ia ka fuselage. 'A'ole ka'oko'a o ka hulu i ka'ike kumu. He lō'ihi ka'ēheu, me ka'āpana o kahi o 30 mau mika mika. M, me kahi'āpana li'ili'i. 'A'ohe mea kupanaha ma kēia:'o ka Su-25 Grach he mea ho'opunipuni'ole,'a'ole pono ka holo'ana. Hiki iā ia ke lu'u me ka ihu i loko o ka 30 degree angle ma 700 km / h. 'O ka pahupa'a he'ekolu mau pi'o hele,'o ka pou o ka ihu ka mea i pilau i'ole e pale i ka pū. Elima mau kepa wahie:'elua ma ke kekona, kekahi ma ka'ao'ao waena, a'elua mau mea i loko o ka fuselage. Ho'olālā'ia lākou no'ekolu keoni o ke kerosene. Ma ke'ano,'elua mau'auwa'a ho'oku'u hou. Ma ke'ano ma'amau, mai ka nānā mua'ana i ka "Grach" Su-25 - he mīkini ma'amau, me ka'ole o ka papa. Hō'ike'ia nā hana mana ma ke'imi piha'ana i nā hi'ohi'ona.

He ikaika'o Armor

'O ke'ano,'o ka like o ka pilina kokoke o IL-2 he mea hiki ke hana i nā ha'aha'a ha'aha'a ma lalo o ke ahi o nā mea hana akamai a me nā pūnaewele pale kaua. E hiki i ka mokulele ke pale i kēia mau mea'ino, pono nā mea ho'olimalima e'imi i ka nui. Su-25 "Grach" - ho'olālā ho'olālā ho'olālā ho'okūkū i ho'olālā'ia -'o ia he'oi aku ma mua o 7% o ka nui o kona nui mai ka pale pale. 'O ka mea mua e pili ana i ka pailota. Ma hope ona e uhi i ke po'o o ke kila, ma mua - kahi'āpana pale 6.5-cm i pa'a pono, a ma nā'ao'ao - ka hao nui. Ho'opili pono'ia nā puka kūikawā a me nā'ekalesia, ua ho'opili'ia nā pūnaewele. 'O kahi'oihana pa'akikī ka hopena o ka Stinger Su-25 Grach. 'O ka ho'ouka kaua ho'olālā i ho'olālā'ia e Soviet i ka ho'i'ana i nā malae hae me nā hanana he nui, a i kekahi manawa me kahi lā'au wili, ma kekahi'ao'ao hema.

'O ke ahi

'O ka mana nui o ka ho'ouka kaua'ana e waiho'ia ma lalo o nā mokulele, ma nā wahi he'umi o ka ho'oku'u waho. 'Ewalu o lākou i ho'olālā'ia no ka nui o ka hapalua. 'O ka pahu kaua piha he 4.4 mau. No ka ho'ohālikelike:'o ka halihali'ana'o An-26 ma luna o ka moku e pili ana paha i 6 mau kera. 'O ka nui o nā mea kaua i ho'ohana'ia e ka mokulele a hiki i 32, a hiki ke kau'ia ma luna o nā pylons i loko o nā'ano like'ole, me nā missiles alaka'i a me nā'ole i hana'ia no ka ho'okahuli'ana i nā'ōpili honua a me nā ea, nā palu o ka air o nā'ano a pau, nā kupa me ka nāpalm (500 kg kēlā me kēia) Ho'opuka i nā pahu cannon. Aia ka hoi i kukulu i-loko o nā-pahu kī mauna caliber 30mm (GSH-30). He pa'akikī ka ho'oholo'ana pehea e kāhea pono ai i ka Su-25: "Grach" ai'ole "ka wai lele"? 'A'ole e kūpono ka ho'ohālikelike i ka'āina "hoahana".

Ka mālama o ka paila

I ka wā o nā pilots Patriotic nui i make pinepine. 'O nā kūlana kūikawā o ka hana kaua, nā mea li'ili'i li'ili'i a me ka nele o ka pōpilikia. Hiki i ka mea ho'olālā K-36L, i ho'olako'ia me ka "Rookō" Su-25, e ho'opakele i ka pilo, ke'ole'o ia e ha'alele i ke ka'a i kahi ki'eki'e'ole ma kahi o ho'okahi tausani kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. Hiki paha ke'ike'ole'ia (e like paha, ma hope o ka loa'a'ana o ka loiloi kaumaha), ma kēia hihia, e hana ana ka ho'oponopono pa'a'ana, a'o ka ho'onohonoho pa'a i ka hakahaka e ho'ololi wikiwiki'ia. Eia hou,'o ka ola o ka pilote e pa'a me ka ki'eki'e o ka palekana i nā mea kaua i hō'ike'ia ma mua. No ka manawa a pau o ka hana, ma loko o kahi ho'ouka kaua, no ka make'ana o ka pilote i ka lewa,'a'ole i lilo kekahi Su-25 Grach. Hiki ke pale aku i ka ho'okele me ka pale kaua i kahi kī pololei o kahi shell artillery.

I nā kaua

"Kū'ē"'ia kēia mokulele, e like me ka mea i'ōlelo mua'ia ma kēia'atikala, i nā kapua wela o Afghanistan. Inā i ka ho'omaka o ka hakakā, ua palekana ka palekana o ka Soviet, a ma waena o nā makahiki he kanawalukumamāwalu i loa'a nā kāko'o Mujahideen mai ko lākou mau "hoaaloha'Amelika" i nā hale ku'ipu'i lele ea, a he mea pa'akikī nā hana halihali wa'a a me nā'oihana kaua. Eia na'e,'o nā pailota i ho'okele i nā pā'ani Su-25 'Grach' i nā makahiki'ewalu o ke kaua, ua lawe'ia i kahi o 60,000 mau huaka'i. 'O ke kumu o ka hana ki'eki'e loa,'o ia ka ASP-17BTS-8 e nānā nei, e hō'oia'i'o ana i ka pololei o ka pō'ino, a me nā'oihana'ē a'e he nui, me nā pūnaewele laser. Ua hana'ia kekahi'ano ko'iko'i e nā'ili wela e wehewehe ana i ka Stinger mai ka mokulele - ua ho'ohana nui'ia lākou ma nā mea'ē a'e o ka Soviet e lele nei ma luna o ke kahua pā'ani o Afghanistan. Ma ka DRA, 23 mau moku i nalowale,'o ka "ho'ouka kaua" he 2,800 mau hola (he nui kēia). 'O nā Grach Su-25 mau kelepona i lawe'ia he 139 mau leka o nā missiles i alaka'i pono'ia i nā mea kū'ē i ka Mujahideen, a'elua wale nō o lākou i ho'okō'ole i kā lākou pahuhopu.

Ua lilo'o Sturmovik i "mainhorse" ma ke kaukani mua'o Chechen (1994-1996), i loko o kēia manawa ua ho'oku'u nā mea koa i nā'ehā mau. Nui kāna'oihana i ka papa'elua o ke kaua, a ma hope o ka'āina, i ka hopena, ua noho ali'i ke ao nei.

'O nā kūlana maika'i, kūpa'a a me ka pono'ole o ka mokulele i ho'okomo'ia i ka ho'olako'ana ma waho. Aia i loko o ka ho'okūkū'ana i kekahi mau'āina, e like me ka po'e o ka Warsaw bloc. He mea kaumaha ia, akā'o ka ho'olaha maika'i loa no kahi mokulele koa'o ia kona komo'ana i nā kaua ma waena o ke kaua, a ma ka hopena o ke kenekulia XX a me ka ho'omaka'ana o ke kenekulia XX XX. Ua kaua ka mokulele Soviet i Angola (1975-2002), Iraq (1980-1988), Tajikistan (1992-1997), Abkhazia (1992-1993), Karabakh (1991-1994), Congo, Ethiopia (1998-2000), Makedonia 2001), hou i Iraq (1991) a me nā "wahi wela". 'O Ukraine ka papa inoa ma ka makahiki 2014.

Ma mua o kahi lawelawe lō'ihi

I loko o ka "launa aloha nui" me'Amelika Huipū'ia, ua'ano'ano "ho'olālā" ma waena o nā pū'ali koa o nā mea ko'iko'i'elua, a loa'a iā lākou ka manawa e ho'ohālikelike ai i nā'ano o nā mea kaua. 'Oiai, ua hā'awi'ia nā pilo pilo'Amelika i manawa kūpono e hō'oia ai i nā mana o ka holo'ana o Su-25 Grach. 'O nā pilole i'ike'ia, ka po'e i lawelawe no nā makahiki he nui i ka US Air Force, ua ho'ohau'oli'ia i kēia'olike'ikepili, a, e like me ka mea i puka mai ai, he mea ma'alahi loa ia e mālama. 'Oiai ka nui o nā makahiki o ka ho'omohala'ana a me ka ho'opau'ana o ka hana'ana,'a'ole i ho'onele'ia ka mea hiki i ka mokulele lele. I kēia manawa, aia ke Air Force a me nā Navy Lūkini ma kahi o 240 "Rooks" o nā ho'ololi hou. Eia hou,'a'ole e wikiwiki nā pū'ali koa o nā moku'āina'ē a'e e ho'ouna iā ia e ha'alele. 'O ka hapanui o lākou mai Belarus (aneane ho'okahi haneri) a me Ukraine (35), akā,'o nā pailota o lākou e pai'ia e kekahi mau'āina he nui. Mai ka makahiki 1999, ua ho'onui'ia ka loiloi o nā'auwa'a laulā o ka Air Force Russian, e like me ka Su-25 Grach mokulele. 'O ka hō'ailona ho'olālā ho'olālā'o Russian i ho'okūkū'ia ma kahi o ka makahiki 2020.