A manawa pōkole chronicle o ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov

I kēia mau lā mākou e hōʻike ana Anton Chekhov - e pili ana i kona ola. A me Chekhov ka hana , e ia ke hōʻike i kēia 'atikala. E ka hoʻomaka me ka pōkole Kawaihae, a laila, wehewehe nā mea a pau i loko o au mamuli.

A manawa pōkole chronicle o ke ola a me ka hana A. P. Chehova

• Anton Pavlovich Chehov i hanau 17 (29) January 1860 ma Taganrog. Ka ohana o kona mau makua - Chehovy Paulo Georgievich (kalepa) a me Evgenia Yakovlevna.
• Ka manawa mai ka 1876 a hiki i 1878 - keia manawa, o ka mua ka palapala, ai ike maopopo o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.
• Këia ma ke Kulanui o Moscow, ma ka'Āuna Kumu o Medicine, e paa ana ia i loko o 1879-1884, niioaaonoaaiii.
• I ka 1880, ua paʻi i ka hana mua o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, i pōmaikaʻi like i lawe i ko lakou hana mai i loko o nā puke kātuna Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke "Alarm uaki", "koena ai," "Dragonfly".
• I ka 1890, Chekhov hele aku la i ka mokupuni o Sakhalin.
• He hoomaka ae la e hana ana i ka 1898 a me ka Moscow Art Theatre, i i paʻa i ka ia manawa i ka Ka Mua o ka hula "Seagull".
• OL mare i Olga Knipper - 1901.
• 1903-1904 GG. - i ka hula i o ke kahua mua ma ka Moscow Art Kino ma lalo o ka inoa o "Ka kamako iki kīhāpai."
• I ka 1904, 2 (15) o Iulai, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo make i loko o Badenweiler, ma ka Kelemānia e akoakoa ai.

No laila, ua pokole hōʻike i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov. Table, i hiki ke hana mai i kēia chronicle, e kōkuaʻoe e aho assimilate i ka 'ike, ina e makemake e hoomanao kī lā pili me ke kanaka o Anton Chekhov.

Inā 'oe makemake hou i loko o-hohonu, ka naauao o ka Kawaihae, e kōkuaʻoe i kekahi' ano piha outline o ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov mea a mākou i hana ai, a mohai aku i kou noonoo ana i keia la.

Ma kona mau mākua 'hale

Chehov Anton Pavlovich i hānau i loko o Taganrog. Kona kupuna kāne i kekahi serf ma ka hanau ana, akā, e kuai no oia ia ia iho, a me kona 'ohana, a mālama ihola iā ia hope kūʻai' manakia (kekahi o nā hiʻona o kona kiʻi lewa i loko o ke ano o ka hiapo "Ka kamako iki kīhāpai"). Makua Anton Pavlovich nona ka Hale Kūʻai Meaʻai hale kūʻai, akā, ka oko ao hikiʻole, e hoʻomaka aneiai mea, Ua impractical. Ma kona ano hui nui: haawi mai ai i na keiki noʻeau tālena (Paul G. maikai ma ka unuhi, akā, i leʻaleʻa o ke mele, hookani i ka violin, aloha halepule mele) me ka imperiousness, a kaumaha aku la ia ia me ka mahalo i ka 'ohana a me na mea e ae. Chekhov, hoʻomanaʻoʻana i kona wa kamalii, palapala aku ia Alexander, me kona kaikuaana i ka 1883 i kamaliʻi iʻapu kōheoheo ke haiia'ku. Family despotism a me ka hoopai ana i loko o Chekhov rejection o ka lawe wale a me ka hewa, i ka makemake no ka kuokoa, he heightened ano o ka hoʻoponopono-ʻia.

Kuokoa i loko o ke ola

A me kaʻike hoʻokumu, a me ke ola o ko Chekhov ka kakahiaka nui lilo kuokoa. Ma kona ohana, koke lilo keiki kuokoa. Sons kōkua ma ka oihana, mai kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule e hana ana i loko o ka Shop. Anton Pavlovich no laila, mai ka manawa'ōpio wale nō i bapetizo i loko o ka hale papa:ʻo ia ua holoiʻia i ke keʻena, hele aku la i ka market, lawe i ka wai, holoi iho la ia ia iho pūliki koa no ka kinona, ua piha oia me ka kerosene mau ipuʻaila.

Akā, i loko o kona ola ana, aia ua kekahi mea'ē aʻe: wahi lulu hana ana a me ka skits i Chekhov iho invented, a pâʻani 'o ia me kona poe hoahanau, ka lawaiʻa. Ka 'ohana hoʻomaka e e he ao alohilohi i ka makuahine, ka mea i akamai,ʻoiaʻiʻo a me ka wahine ano.

Ke ao nei o ke 'ano i loko o ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov

Mai noho 'ana kamaliʻi, Anton Pavlovich aloha ke ao maoli, ua haʻalele i ka hohonu, hoailona ma luna o kona uhane, hoala e ae la i ka makewai no ke ola. A me ka hana o Chekhov Hōʻike 'keia. Ma kona mau moʻolelo a mākou hālāwai me ke ano o ka hehi, i ka Taganrog Bay ( "The hehi", "On Christmas Night" a me kekahi poe e ae.). Loa ke hākilo loa ike o ka loko a me ke ano o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ma ke ola, a ua hoike mai ia ma ka hana o ka walaau ole ole i kanaka ola. I Chekhov ka hana o humanized ano: holoholona, pua, lāʻau, manaʻo, a haha aku me na kanaka ( "makaʻu", "White-ke alo", "Kashtanka," "Agatha").

Education ma ke kula

Ke kaikaina i kauoha aku e hopu i ka manawa ia o ka 'ohana i palekana: hale kipa kumu Farani, ma hope i kona i UAIAaIN e Mme. No ka Rotehama, ke kaikaina o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo, Ua kono like me ka mele kumu.

A lohe o Anton nui mai, ohana kālā kulana ua worsened, pela no ka mea, ua hiki ke kiʻi wale nō kiʻekiʻe-kula hoʻonaʻauao. Special hoihoi i loko o grammar kula ma Chekhov këia, naʻe, i ole kumu. Kēia kula ua typical no ia manawa. Ma ia oe ke hana hou aku a emi pololei manaʻo o Chekhov ka pōkole moʻolelo ma hope mai "The Man ma ka Nānā '".

Ma kiʻekiʻe kula maikaʻi-mālama 'epekema, au i ka telescope, ka polokalamu maalea ma ka oihana. Anton ma ka haʻawina o ke Akua, ka Law lilo kekahi haumāna punahele o Pokrovskogo Fedora Platonovicha. Ua ua he hana hoihoi, hana kanaka ka mea nana i kakahiaka nui o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo puke kātuna tālena, a haawi aku la ia ia i ka inoa kapakapa Chekhonte i ua hope Chekhov pseudonym. Penei, pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana i loko o kona ola. A me ka hana o Chekhov i kinona me ke komo ana o keia hana hoihoi kanaka. Eia naʻe, ma loko o keia uhane kula,ʻano nui wehewehe aku ma ka formalism a me ka bureaucratism. Ma ka uhane kahua o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ikaika 'ole ma ka puke a me ka hana keaka. Ua nui ka kakahiaka nui ke aloha no ka hana keaka: i ka makahiki o ka 13 makahiki, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo ua mua he mau malihini i ka Taganrog hale kiaka.

A hiki i kēia wā e pili ana i kona mua ka palapala, aiʻole, eʻike wale nō ma ka inoa i ka hana, oiai Chekhov. Life a me kaʻike hoʻokumu, ma ka pokole, keia manawa ia e nui hanana kekahi. XIX. Biographical kūʻiʻo mākou i hōʻike mai iā ia, me ka mahaloʻike hoʻokumu, e hoailona oukou i ka eia. E like me ka schoolboy, oia paʻi i ka Magazine "Kani", kākau ihola ka Comedy "He mea känalua 'ka himeni moa" a me ka "Loaʻa he oki daimana," e like me ka hana keaka "mea makuaʻole".

Busting Chekhov ohana

I ka 1876, hele aku la bankrupt ka makua kāne o Anton Pavlovich, i puʻe wale ia me kona 'ohana, e hele aku i Moscow. Anton Ua haʻalele wale i loko o Taganrog ma ka makahiki o ka 16 makahiki, e like me ka mea, ua puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe. Hoomaka ae la oia e loaʻa haawi kekahi haʻawina, kipakuia mai i ohana remittances. Ka poe paakiki makahiki, he ola piha o ka loneliness, o na hoao ana a me ke kālā, ka pilina i ke kakahiaka maturation o ka mea kākau moʻolelo e like Chekhov. Life a me ka hana hou wā (iki i ho'ākāka 'ia) paha ma ke kēia walaʻauʻana hanana.

Chekhov - He haumāna o Moscow State University

Kaahele i ka hookolokolo ana hope loa i ka 1879, Chekhov hele i Moscow. Hereʻo ia i helu ia ma ka Moscow University, i ke kumu o ka laau lapaau. Mai ka papa mua Chekhov hoomaka ae la e hana i loko o nā Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, pai. No kaʻohana ua kokoke ka wale kumu o kaʻoihana kālā lilo i ka palapala, ai loaʻa kālā. Chekhov lilo i ke poo o ka 'ohana a me kona pūnaewele.

Ka hoolaha mua hana

Mua i paʻi i kona mau hana (parody) i hele mai i loko o ka Magazine "Dragonfly". Czechs koho palapala, ai 'ala, paiia nā ma ka puke kātuna a me ka nui Huli i. Naʻe, i loko o ke kakahiaka hana ua Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka mua. Ma lalo o nā pseudonyms (ke kaikaina, o koʻu kaikaina, ka Man me ka spleen, Antosha Chehonte) ka mea, ua pai ia ia ma ka puke kātuna Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke "koena ai," "Dragonfly", "Alarm", "spectator". I ka papa kuhikuhiE Huli i loko i loaʻa i kekahi Humorous kaomi ana o ka manawa, uaʻokoʻa "wahi mea" i i hanaʻia e kekahi canons: .. Humorous aphorisms, puke kātuna calendars, lepe kiʻi, Ka Honua Nei, puke wehewehe, puke kātuna a, manuals, etc. ko lakou Chekhov koke E ke Kumu a ua manao ia oia ua kokoke ia ia.

Satirical a Humorous moʻolelo

I nā makahiki 1882-1883, he mau moʻolelo i "ka Make i ka luna," "mānoanoa o ia mea a me ka lahilahi", "E ke kaikamahine o Albion." Oiai na mea he nui o na hana i kākau i loko o ka palapala o ka sketches, i mea he pōkole puke kātuna moʻolelo, ka puke kātuna i mea e hoolilo kāhea aku a ke koa. Czechs hoala mai i ka 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mea moʻokalaleo. Mawaena o ka noʻeau hiʻona o Chekhov ka, e hoohuli i na kēia: he mea inoa, he palena iki o ka weheweheʻana a me nā wehewehena ( "Burbot", "hookipaiaʻe e", "Kōkua", "Ma ka bata"), i ka'īʻana i nā inoa (Porcupine Mea Keaka, General Zapupyrin warden Ochumelov, Khriukin haku) a he kūoʻo'ōlelo 'ōlelo huapalapala.

Ke hou kamaʻilio i loko o nā hana o Chekhov

Nā pae hope hana i ua makana i loko o ka mua o ko Chekhov ka moʻolelo: ka mea kākau kaʻaka ma ka absurdity ana o ka hana a me ka noʻonoʻo o kanaka, o ko lakou nele kuleana. Over manawa, i ka hana i hou tonality. Ua predominates i loko o nā hana o ka Quotes nō, akā, loaʻaʻo ia i kekahi hou malu, hou kani - he kaumaha, lyrical. Ua hiki ke ike mai i ka neʻeʻana mai o kahakaha i ka Ka Ikepili, a ma luna o ka he kūoʻo huapalapala - he contradictory, huikau. I UAIAaIN ma nā kiʻi o ke ea paha kanaka huapalapala. Ma nā moʻolelo pili a hiki i ka wā o 1883-1886 makahiki ( "akamai", "haunaele", "Tosca", "Huntsman"), ka manawa i nanaia wā e hiki mai Chekhov.

E hoolilo ana i Chekhov ka moʻolelo

Hoomau ana i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov. hiki e haawiia A hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ia i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1884 a hiki i 1888 like penei. I ka 1884, ma ka pau 'ana o ke kulanui haʻawina, Chekhov hana ma Zvenigorod, Voskresensk. He mea no hoi he correspondent no ka Moscow nupepa, "ke koena ai". I ka wā mai ka 1884 a hiki i 1888, ua hua mai la i na mea he nui na hana - oi ma mua o 350. Chekhov ka moʻolelo i kēia manawa ua i like me ka palapala, a me ka hou kŰia o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Chekhov i loko o kēia mea uuku ano moʻokalaleo Ke kauoha aku e lawa i ka nunui manaʻoʻike, nohona a me ka philosophical maʻiʻo. Surprisingly capacious ia i kēia palapala.

Ke flowering o talena Anton Chekhov i loko o ka 'ano moʻokalaleo o ka moʻolelo

No ka mea au 1880-1890-ies pūʻulu type ua nānā 'ia e ka hope loa (awelika, ano, pinepine i ka "uuku" kanaka). Ka mea kiʻi i mundane, maʻamau o ke ola. Kēia manawa ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka heyday o Chekhov ka tālena. E pili ana hou i hoiliili ole. I ka 1886 - "Motley Bay" i ka makahiki 1887 - "Na hala a ka olelo" a me "I ka wanaʻao", i ka 1888 - "Bay" i 1890 - ". Gloomy kanaka" Mea kākau Pushkin makana i i hookoia no ka puke i kapaia "I ke ahiahi". Ma ka haule ana o ka 1887, i palapala mai ai i ka Comedy "Ivanov", a laila, - vaudeville "Iubile", "Wedding", "ka Paipai" a me "Ka Bear", ka poe i waihoia ma ka 'oihana hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Chekhov ua hoouna mai ai i ka mokupuni o Sakhalin

A huakaʻi i Sakhalin i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov hoʻololi. Pokole e wehewehe i nā hanana nui o ka manawa. Ma keia mokupuni, Chekhov hele aku la ia e kokoke ana i ka convicts. Hereʻo ia i nā malamaʻekolu wale helu, kamailio mai la i kekahi mau kanaka. Chekhov, me he kupa a me ka artist, ua hoʻoholo ihola e hōʻike i nā kanaka i ka i hoʻohalahala oiaio. Ka hopena o ka huakaʻi - paʻi i ka 1894 o ka puke "Ka Island o Sakhalin".

Hana i kākau i loko o ka 90s

Ma hope o ia, i kaʻike manaʻo o ka wahi lulu aku o ka lanakila,ʻo ia i oi harshlyʻia. I ka mua o ka nui hana palapala ma hope o ka huakaʻi lilo i ka moʻolelo i kapaia "Reuʻela,ʻo ia" (paʻiʻia i ka 1891), e like me ka "keena №6" - o ka moʻolelo, i i paʻiʻia ma ka 1892.

Czechs i loko o nā makahiki 90 kākau e pili ana i delusions, illusions, insolvency likeʻole ola papahana ( "Rothschild ka Fiddle", "uhini," "Kumu o Moʻolelo"). I keia manawa, e like me kēia mau moʻolelo i hanaia me "About Love", "Gooseberries," "Man i loko o ka Nānā '", "Ionich".

Ma ke kupulau o 1892 ka mea kākau moʻolelo noho ma Melikhovo waiwai kokoke Moscow, komo i loko o lokomaikai aku nohona hana,ʻo ia Hawaii mahiʻai, hale kula, 'inikua waena. Ua hoʻololi i kona ola. Chekhov, ke ola, kana mau hana ua interconnected, e pili ana ma ke kumu o ka hana hana "I ke kahawai", "New Kauhale", "ma luna o ke kaʻa", "kā".

Playwright Antona Pavlovicha Chehova

Ka mua'āpana, a hoomaka ae la Chekhovian dramaturgy - e Aloha "The Seagull." Ua Ua o ke kahua i loko o ka hale kiaka o Alexandria i ka 1896. Naʻe, i ka manaʻo ua ole holomua. Ke kumu - ka misunderstood na mea he nui o ko Chekhov ka HOU. Ma hope o 2 makahiki ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka Moscow Art Kino, ua kena ae la he furor. Ma hope o "Ka Seagull," hele mai i ka hula "Uncle Vanya" (1899), pâʻani 'o ia i ka nui holomua. Ma hope hana ( "Three Sisters" a me "Ka kamako iki kīhāpai" - 1901 a me ka 1903 makahiki, niioaaonoaaiii) hookomo mua i piha i nā loina o ka hana keaka mea kākau.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I ka 1897, Chekhov i pio, e hele i ka TB? Aaieou, a laila, pau ka hooilo 1897-1898 i loko o Nice. Ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o nā kauka, hele aku la ia ma Kepakemapa 1898 i loko o Yalta, kahi ana i hoolilo i ka hooilo. Ma nā makahiki, ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka hoomakaukau ana i ka ohi hana, a, i ka elua a paʻi (1899-1902 la a me 1903 o.)ʻikeʻia ma ka puka.

I ka 1901, he mea kākau mare i Olga Knipper Leonardovna mea hana keaka.

Ua, kona ola kino deteriorated, na kauka Koi ikaika ma ka hoʻouna 'ana i Kelemania, ma Badenweiler. hele kēia mea kākau moʻolelo me kana wahine. 2 (15) ma July 1904 ua ka lā hope o kona ola.

A me ka hana ana o Chekhov, a me kona lehulehu hana, a me nā kūʻiʻo mai biographies hōʻike mai ia ia i ke kanaka o ke kiʻekiʻe ka uhane ideals a me ka pono nā loina. Mahalo i ka poe me ia mea, i ko kakou honua loaʻa he uuku maikaʻi. ʻoihana aliʻi i ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov i ua hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala. Mākou e eʻoliʻoli ina mea ua ua paipaiʻia oe e makemake, e hoʻomau mau makamaka, me keia kupaianaha kākau moʻolelo. Ke ola a me ka hana ana o Chekhov, kona Kawaihae Ua loa instructive a me ka hana hoihoi. Ma kēia 'atikala, Eia naʻe, nā lāliʻi a pau ole i ka hai aku.