A. V. Schusev, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone: Kawaihae, nā papahana, hana, Hawaii photo hana, 'ohana

Academician o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR, eha manawa e uwa o ka Stalin uku Aleksey Viktorovich Schusev - kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, a me ka mea nāna i hana nui, he maikaʻi theoretician a me ka ole emi kamahaʻo kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, kana mau hana ua i ka haaheo o ka aina, e lilo i ka meʻe o keia Haawina. Here kūkākūkā i au mamuli o kona hana a me ka aoao o ke ola.

Kuhikuhipuʻuone me he kaʻina hana o ke ola

Shchusev, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, nae a hiki i ka hope Soviet meaola keena, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, e like me ka mea, e olelo aku, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ke Akua. He mau koi nā hoapili konaʻike hoʻokumu a pau, noʻeau me nā loina e lanakila mau i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka puali koa manao, e like me ka mea i loa pili loa me ke ola i loko o nā mea a pau kona hoike ana, a me ke ola, aole ia e tolerate ole. "Paʻahau palapala hakuʻole, a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone mea pono hiki ke hōʻoia i kēia," - wahi a Shchusev. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i loko o ka mea, i noho ai nana aku, mau ho'āʻo hou, a mau loa aku a hiki i ka hopena? Acoeueoao mea e māʻona, loaa uku panai wale nō i loko o ka naauao. E hoʻomaka ana mai Vitruvius, kēlā kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone imi iho la e hana i kona kumumanaʻo iho o ke akamai, a ma ka mea i kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia, ua loaa ka mea, he nui na mea he nui - ka loa like a me ka categorical, a me kaʻaoʻao pale o ka laula o ko lakou wahi me kaʻano o nā Pahuhopu, a me nā loina e wehewehe a hoapono ia e kauoha ana a me ke kaupalenaʻana wale kuhikuhipuʻuoneʻike hoʻokumu.

Eia ma ke kulanui i nā kānaka a pau kēia mau theories, loaa ka loa kūlana nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, a ua hana i ka makakū a me nā kula. Akä naÿe i ka oi pīhoihoi nā hoapili Shchusev (loa kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone), i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka mea ua aole ia eʻimi, i ole kau aku, i ole, e kāinoa kula theories. Keia ua hanaʻia e kona mau kanaka, ka poe i aʻo konaʻoiaʻiʻo ano i loko o ka mōʻaukala o nā Lūkini, a Soviet kuhikuhipuʻuone, i hōʻike 'o nā hale a me nā hale hanaia e ia. O ka holo ana, olelo aku la ia, a theorized, no ka mea, i kona naauao o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone, hoao aku la, a me ka talena pili i na kanaka. Kēia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana ku loa ma ka par me ka painstaking noiʻi i nā haku kūkulu i ka noho malie oihana no na makahiki. Ano, ma na aoao a imi ia e na palapala a me wawe i nā nuggets o''he ike, i kekahi manawa, accidentally, Nakulukulu no Aleksey Schusev, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone.

Ilina o

i imbued kana mau hana a me nā pono io a me ke akamai, a me ka loa piha ike o ka oihanaʻaoʻao maemae o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone nui. Ka mea, - ke ola ka ho'āʻoʻana, e like me ke aloha, kilo, a me ka nui waiwai kūʻai o hoʻokahi wale nō kanaka manaʻo. Kēia ka mea ae aku la ia ia i ka manawa a hoopiha i ko lakou poe mamo ka papa kuhikuhi lehulehu manaʻo. Ana i na, a hiki seemingly rashozhie kinona, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Schusev A. V., he hana i pau hoʻopilikino alanui. He mea he aupuni mōʻaukala kaila, Classic a me ke kālā, e huli mai i Hōʻuluʻulu Logical ho, a me ka noʻeau lōkāhi, soldered a me aesthetic ano o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, a kiʻi kaula, a me ka pena. 'O kēia kaʻoi loa kekahi o ka loa kupaianaha o kana mau hana - ka V. I. Lenina Mausoleum ma Moscow ma Red Square, hanaia i loko o 1926-1930, niioaaonoaaiii. Hehi pyramidal ka leo, pūʻulu o huinahń kia, a lawe i ka luna papa - a pau i kēia i loko o kuhikuhipuʻuone mea ole hou.

Eia naʻe Mausoleum magically loaa ka mana, originality, kū hoʻokahi, ke hiʻona, loaʻa kekahi expressiveness o nā mea a pau e like, a me ka hapanui importantly - ka piha connectedness me ka hookohu ana i keia hale, kuʻi nukeliu i loko o ka Ensemble me nā kuhikuhipuʻuone oihana mua o ka wahi. A pau i kēia, a hana i kēia hale i ka papa kuhikuhiE hōʻailona o kona manawa. A pau hoʻoholo ihola e like me. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Schusev od pōpilikia me ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka mānoanoa o ka papa, a laila, ulu aʻela, a lailaʻoki e kanikau ana papamoe, vertical palapala, piha i ka ikaika, a me ka mea kaumaha panina o ka lalo keena a me ka compactness - aʻo kākā sarcophagus koke neʻe i ka anuu a me ka makahiki paepae, ma ka hookahakaha o ke ku okoa ana , ka makani a me ka malamalama. He manawa a hiki i kēia ingenious loaʻa funereal nani o ka Ilina o ia iho i loko o ka aha lealea a me ka olioli o ka eo ho'ākāka. I keia manawa, e paa ana ia i loko o ka Kremlin aiiioe? Aeiino?, No laila, i ka Ilina o i paa i ka hope parade. ua lilo People hanau mai la ia, a palapala iho la i ka puu e pili ana ia ma luna o ka Internet. Ua, ua kūkulu ke ike i ka pau kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev, kana mau hana ua kiʻekiʻe ka uhane ka maʻiʻo, he luna 'o ka nui pilina manaʻo.

Kawaihae

October kipi Shchusev halawai, ia ia i ka academician, he ike kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone me ka umikumamalima-makahiki hana. I ka 1910, ka mea, ua maliu aku au iā ia no ke koa maikaʻi nā hualoaʻa ma ka wā o ka loa palapala ano o ka hoihoi hou ia ana mai o ka luakini o ka umikumamalua kenekulia ma Ovruch (Volyn). Aʻo ia i hānau i loko o ka makahiki 1873, ma Chisinau, i ke kolu o ke keiki i loko o ka ohana ilihune o ka hoʻomaha kūhelu. Ke hiki e huki Ikea loa i kakahiaka nui, a huki i ka keiki, mai keia ha awina ua aneane hiki ole i. Mai ka makahiki o ka umikumamakahi ia i hoomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina me L. N. Benua, ma ka Workshop a pau hookipa lawe ia'ku, aʻo. KŘpa a mentors wā e hiki mai kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev, kona hana a ua mahaloʻia e kiʻekiʻe professionalism, ua amazingly laki.

Canons o Lūkini Classics a me National hoʻoilina, no kekahi laʻana, ka mea, ao mai la Kumu Kotov, kona credo ua i ia mea unacceptable ke blindly kope mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i, ia mea pono e kiola aku la i ka laekahi comprehension o Lūkini kahiko, a me ka feria-Russian kaila - squalor. A nui manaʻo ma luna o ke kanaka opiopio i kahiko Central hawaiian kuhikuhipuʻuone, pakahi aku la ia Samarkand, kahi piʻi wale kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Schusev Aleksey Viktorovich i ka au mamuli a akahele ana o ka lei kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Bibi Khanum, a me Gura-Emira. Ua pâʻani 'o ia i ka nunui kūlana i loko o kona mau hope hana. No ka laʻana, ka mea Kazansky alahao noaioee kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev papahana, ma muli o kā lākou mau hawaiian ka hoao ana.

Ka mua hana

Shchusev Academy, a puka 'o ia i ka 1897, aole hoi i loaa ka palapala puka papahana o ka lani kiekie loa manual me ka nui gula kâlâ keʻokeʻo a me ka huakaʻi i ke kai pāʻoihana huakaʻi. Ua ua he "Manor", i ae la ia ia, e pana aku au i aneane elua makahiki ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o kuhikuhipuʻuone o Vienna, Trieste, Venice a me na kulanakauhale e ae o Pelekiuma, Italy, Tunisia, Palani a me England. Na wahi a pau āna i hana i ka hailona o sketches, no a ka exhibition olelo i huki mai. I. E. Repin, ike lea i kēia mau hana, uaʻoliʻoli. Ma ka hoi i ka hale, a ma hope o ka hoolohe ana o ka olelo Alexey Shchusev, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nae me ka ho'āʻoʻana, au ua koke he hoihoi 'kauoha. Ka mea, ua ka iconostasis i loko o ka Kiev-Pechersk Lavra mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui no i ka mea, ua pono i ka manao mai ka kūikawā. Loea Shchusev Makuakane me keia i ka hanaia, a me ia mea i kana hana ua manawa paʻa pili me ka wahi o ka hoomana.

Ma June 1904 ka Synod ao mai ai ia oi kuleana a me ka pilikia hana, oia i hoouna ia Ovruch, ma ka mea a pau ka hooilo ua papahana i ka luakini ma luna o nā wahi e pili ana o ke kia o kaʻumikumamālua kenekulia. Ka hopena ua i ka nani elima-na¯ haʻawina ekalesia nō hoʻi ia moʻolelo i loko o Lūkini panina i waha, akā, pau 'ikamu i ka i koe i ua hui pū i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka pela organically i ka ekalesia ua he a pau. Ka pāhana Ua koke ike i kekahi o ka loa naniʻike manaʻo o kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone. Press hoʻomaka 'kamailio e pili ana i mea Shchusev kukulu i hou Neo-Russian kaila. Ua hiki i kaulana, akā, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev, nona Kawaihae Ua piha no ia i ka piha, a me kona make ana ia ia malau akula, a kaulana wale mai i kaʻina hana.

"Martha"

I ka 1907, Shchusev Ua hoʻololi i Marfo-Mariinsky hale mōneka (kaiaulu), a pau o kona hale. Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna kuai lilo aku i ko lakou Jewelry i mea e hōʻike 'ana i ke aloha kula, i ua ole he hoailona, akā, Nuna, Sisters o lokomaikaʻi a me ka hoʻohikiʻana i mea like me ka monastic. Eia naʻe, ma hope makahiki ka mea, ke loaʻa mai o ka mea ole e kue ana me ka ekalesia, e hoʻomaka i ka 'ohana a me ka noho like i moe kanaka.

He aha hooeueu ae la i ke hoʻololi i ka wā i hana no ka palupalu o kona Moscow "Martha", ua kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev? Veliky Novgorod kona hoʻoulu manaʻo, ka Pskov kia hoʻomanaʻo i - i keia aouli nui o ka paia aloha a me nā puke. He kekahi 'loa ina oe e hoohalike ai. Ka nui ka nui o ka hoailona hale nana hoʻonānea a me ka manoanoa. kumumanao o ka luakini mea i 'ano like me ka papakaukau kahiko wrench ua huli i ke komohana umiumi a me ka pepeiao, a pau ekolu petals e nana ana ma ka hikina. Ma muli o ia mau semicircular apse hana i ka manao o ka oluolu, no ka mea, o ka bulk o huna mai o ka maka, a me ka pahu kiʻekiʻe, ai kainuʻu pūʻia e ke kuhikuhi mai la lakou wahi o ka Dome ke hoʻoholo 'ia ka haku mele' ana.

Chişinău

Ma Kerch Street (ma mua - Char Valley) aina o ka mua-yoa? Iiai nā hale o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev i kūkuluʻia - haawi Mihaila Karchevskogo, i kona classmate, laila - Dragoeva hale ma ke kuʻina o Pushkin a me Forge (e Bernardazzi). A i loko o ka makahiki 1912 ka mea i kukulu i ka ekalesia ma ke kauhale o Kuchureshty. A pau i 'ia, a kukulu iho la i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev, Orthodoxy pono e pili ana - i ka nui a uuku loa, a me keia pili ole wale i ka wahi o ka hoomana. Nui hope Shchusev i häʻawi mai ai iä ka nui noaia o? Aeiino? O dilapidated Chisinau ma hope o ka Apana World War. I kona kakahiaka opiopio, i kona maikaʻi loa iho o kona palapala puka pāhana pono ma hope, au malaila i kekahi mau mahina iʻaneʻi Shchusev - kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, o kona ohana hoopaa iho la i ka wa e ola IeIIeYOA i keia kulanakauhale. A mau mahina o ka pomaikai:ʻo ia papahana ole wale i ka hale no ka classmate, akā, i mare i kona kaikuahine - Mary Vikentievna Karchevsky.

Aia, ma ke awawa o ka Char ma Chisinau suburb, hoomaka ae la ke kino ola o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev, ka mea i pakele hālau a hōʻea mai prying a pau nā makahiki lōʻihi o kona ola. Ae, a e loaʻaʻikepili ma o kona Kawaihae,ʻaʻole e pili pū ana i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, aneane hiki ole i. Kia i Lenin kana hana i dismantled i ka makahiki 1991. He pū 'ia, a me ka hou uapo ma luna o ka muliwai Bic, kona wa i noho he loa affluent, a' Imi aʻo aku kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nā hoapili i loko o ka ulu ana o ka papahana o? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka lukuia hale o ka i - ka huakaʻi noaioee, pōʻeleʻele loa, presences a me nā hale. Chişinău Hoʻohanohano i ka hoomanao ana o kona poe koa, e like: alanui i kapaia ma hope ona, i loko o ka hale, kahi āna i hānauʻia ai, a nui i ka iau me kona kino a pau, palapala, kiʻi.

Fashion ma Shchusev

Koke ma hope o ka hanaia ana o Ovruch a me ka nani o ka hoailona Marfino papahana hele ma hope o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ma luna o nā kuʻekuʻe. Rich holoholona no ia i loko o ka manaolana, e kūkulu i kekahi mea ma luna o ko lākou'āina, akā, i loko o ke kaila schusevskogo kaila. Naʻe, ka mea i oi hana hoihoi pāhana. I ka 1913, oia ua makaukau kukulu Nails Shchusev lānai Art Exhibition ma Venice, o ka haku mele 'ana o i ke ano o ke aupuni kuhikuhipuʻuone o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia. A ma ka hui pu ana, me ka nani Ikalia Waimanalo panorama. A laila, i ka San Remo ma ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kukulu i Orthodox ekalesia, hoʻonaniʻia me ka pōhaku i ke kalakalaiʻana, nā kile, a me ka bele hale kiaʻi me ka hipped kaupaku. Kristo ka mea e ola ai Hale Pule Nui ma San Remo, loa hoʻonaniʻia i loko o ke kaila o Lūkini ekalesia o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia.

Akā, Kazan ia hoonoho ai i pili iā ia,ʻaʻole i kekahi manawa. Eia naʻe, a pau i hoʻouna 'ia i ka hoʻokūkū ka oko ao ka hola sketchy a me ka ole hooeueuia lakou, a me nā koʻikoʻi a me ka hoao ana i nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone,ʻaʻole wale kaila Shchusev, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone kona koona mau manao mua, loea, akā, no laila, mamao mau. Aka hoi, ka mea, ua wae sketch o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Kazan koa, no ka mea, o ka papa, ua hilinaʻi nō e hiki ke hoopanee i ka puka pā hikina o Moscow,ʻaʻole i lōʻihi aku nei ua leʻaleʻa o Samarkand Shchusev ia lakou. Na Papa i ole kuhihewa.

Kazan alahao Station

Moscow puka a hiki i ka hikina - kekahi o ka loa 'oihana' o pila hāpa e kākoʻo pāʻoihana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka pilikia hana. ʻO ka mea e pono ai keʻano noaia i loaʻa. A me ka mea i maikaʻi loa pāʻoihana no ka pono o ka Ensemble i loko o kona hoʻokahi wale nō Leeuwerikplein mea! Ma October 1911 Shchusev i apono ia e like me ka luna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o keia hale, a ua kau ma luna o ka Fabulous huina - ekolu miliona gula rubles aliʻi. Details o ka papahana i aʻoʻia i ka mea kākau o ka oi ma mua o nā makahiki - keia ia ia, i ole hiki mai ai keia manawa. I ka huli ua ola - keia "lua" e e hoʻopiha 'oe i kekahi Kalanchovskoy wahi a Shchusev i pepehiʻia i ka manaʻo nui: ka loihi hale waiho ma ka haahaa wahi.

A laila e hoʻokani i ka hoʻohui o ka Ensemble o ka nui o na hale, oluolu i ka heluhelu i ka 'ļ'. Ka hale kiai i mālama ai i ka maoli Hoʻohaku, kaʻohiʻana i nā mika a pau iauaeoia elua haneri ma lalo o kona'ēheu. Ka pomaikai o keia hana ua ka like-pono ka 'Oihana e hana ia. Ka Magazine "kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone", kau ia ma luna o nāʻaoʻao, au i snapped. Hoohiwahiwa ninini ka ua. A makemake no ia i ka nui loa o ke koa i i ole he holistic pokole o ka pau 'ole, no ka mea, mea pela i haki symmetry, a me ka mehameha mokupuni halekiai kōkua i ka wehe i nā mea a pau hou ana mai anywhere i loko o ka wahi. No laila, hiki, na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i 'Aʻole e holopono ai o ka' elele manipulate ka malamalama, a me ka malu i ka wa a ka la mea,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, no hoi, e enliven i ka pōhaku ao lauana.

'Ano a me ka stylistic ku okoa ana

Mai Kazan Station Shchusev i loa naʻee, e huli mai, i ka hana o ke kūlanakauhale, akā,ʻaʻole i mau - iki waiwai hanalima paha iki Nohie hale hale. I ka mana o ke koa Hoʻonaʻauao i loa heterogeneous, a me ka mea, ua kipaku ana i ka mea e hoʻololi i ka mea maikaʻi loa Shchusev, kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. Hana, kiʻi o ka a i hōʻike 'aneʻi ma ka nui loa, a me ka ia palahalaha, ikaika, noa-mika i ka hoolike ana (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o nui, a hiki i loko o nāʻano liʻiliʻi) hōʻike pehea ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev ole wale multifaceted, akā, ma ka resourcefulness a pau o ka ikaika a me ka oiaio ia lakou iho, i ko lakou manao. Kēia sanatorium hale ma Matsesta, a me Moskvoretsky Bridge, a me na Kuhina o ka Mahiai, a me ka Opera Theatre ma Tashkent, a me ke ku "Komsomolskaya" - ke komo lima o ke Moscow Metro. Just resourcefully a ma ka ia manawa pololei canonical kukulu luna 'o ka hale o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR - he typical Lūkini Ensemble e hiehie like bila hale. Shchusev i alakaʻi i ke kime o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i ka hoʻololi 'Moscow.

He mea, a me Shchusev i pau, e lawe mai i ko lakou mahalo Keaukaha lohi neʻe i kalepa. No ka mea, ina e hana ole, i ka neʻeʻana makemake e hiki me ia. kulanakauhale 'ole i ua hoʻokumu, a me ka wahi no ka amo kokoke i ole aka anywhere'ē aʻe, o ka oi aku ma keia la ka mea. Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone Ua hoʻonui loa laina a pau, o ka oi aku hoopa Leningradsky Prospekt, nākiʻi? Ooia kahahānai ke komo lima laina me ka olua i ka hoino aku amo. Ia e ke kaulana, i wahi koke ma hope o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana, a me ka Kanawai War - i ka 1919. Komisina apono i kikoo hōʻino nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone 'ole e like me ka laulā Avenue a me nā alanui, akā, no ka Shchusev e hoʻokele i hoomaopopo i ka lala o ke aupuni.

eia hoi

I ka 1922, e like me ka poe kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Shchusev i häʻawi mai ai iä ka Exhibition Center, a wehe i loko o August 1923. A laila, ka mea i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka mokuna o Gorky Park. Shchusev Ua kukulu hou ia e hana ana me mechanical mea kanu ma lalo o ka lānai o ka neoneo na hana, a alakai aku la oia aneane a pau o ke kūkuluʻia, a me nā haneri keuʻelima keia hale. I ka makahiki 1924, ua i alakai kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka'āina hoʻoili ma ka hanaia'na o ke kumuhana o ka Lenin Ilina o. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o na twenties i loko o ka helu o ka pepa Shchusev 'ia, a kukulu iho la i loko o ke kaila o Constructivism: ka Tbilisi lala o ke kula, o ke Komite Central, ka State Bank ma Neglinnaya a me Okhotny Ryad, Lenin Library, sanatorium ma Matsesta, a oi.

A kūikawā hihia -ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokō i hale ma Tverskaya Central Telegraph Office, kahi ma muli o ka hoike mai i kekahi i kekahi kuko ino ikaika no ka constructivism Shchusev hoao iho la ia constructivism i ka pono, e ola, ina e hoʻopiha ia me ka spirituality a me kona mauʻano a me ka pāpana wale kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika i ke kumu o ka uhane moʻomeheu, a uaʻanuʻu ke kuhikuhipuʻuone like ia. Ma kaʻaʻahu o ka telegraph hale ua maopopo Hahai I ole wale i ka pilina o nā hana hoopilikia wale, akā, 'ē aʻe - lahui kamailio ana o ka manao, a, ma ka rula, ka mea, ua manao - e hoʻohui'āina a me nā' âinapuni. Māpala vertical aniani kāʻei. Nui o ka lumi. Monumentality. Beautiful, mesmerizing. I loko nō o ka mea i ka papahana hale o like me ka lako polokalamu, hoʻokele waiwai, rationally. Ka mea, uaʻoi aku ko lākou kū hoʻokahi no ka manawa. Owai ka mea e oluolu ke kūkulu a me ka makemake e pono.

Ke olioli nei au i ka liʻiliʻi loa i kupanaha hōkele "Moscow" i kūkuluʻia, ka Soviet olelo ma Romania, a me ka nui helu o nā mea. Eia hou kekahi, Alexey Shchusev alakaʻi kaʻeleu aʻo 'oihana kokoke i ka pau ana o ke ola - i ka 1949, kakau iho la,ʻelua haneri a oi ma mua o' epekema pepa.