Anatomia. Common carotid artery

Carotid artery - hui kaulua moku e haawi mai i ke koko i ka mea a pau na nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o ke poo a me ka ai, i loko o ka wahi mua - ka lolo, a me nā maka. Akā, He aha e mākou i e pili ana ia ia? Paha wale nō ke hele mai i ka manaʻo i manaʻo ia, ma ka ua e me kou manamana lima i loko o ka wahi wahi e hele aku (ma ka puu, ma ke kuhikuhi ana o ka trachea), e hiki mau ka huli 'ana i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale.

Ka 'ole o ka carotid artery

Common carotid artery (ka helu "3" i loko o ka huahelu) i kona kêia kanaka i loko o ka pahu kahi, a he o na moku elua koko - ka akau a me ka lima hema. Ua punohu ma ka trachea a me ka esophagus ma ka transverse keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka vertebrae o ka ai kokoke i ke alo o ke kino.

I ka pono, he pono ole carotid artery i ka lōʻihi o ka 6 a hiki i 12 mau kenimika, a hoomaka mai ka brachiocephalic kumu a me ka welau i loko o ka'āina o ka mahele ana i ka papakaukau kae o ka thyroid cartilage.

Ka haʻalele na carotid artery i ka mau pono o kenimika lōʻihi (kona nui hiki a hiki i 16 mau kenimika) no ka mea, helu kuhi puke iki lalo - mai ka aortic e pio.

Common carotid arteries (hema a me ka akau hapa) o ka pahu nāʻiʻo punohu i ka cervical vertebrae uhi hoʻopapakū hala loa i luna. I ke kikowaena ma waena o ka pono a me ka haʻalele i ka moku hele i ka esophagus, a me ka trachea Tube. Ma waho mai o ka mea, kokoke i ke alo o ka ai, o ka ia paʻa jugular Vienna. Kona koko ua kauoha ia i ka naʻau Muscle. A ma waena o ka pono carotid artery a me ka jugular aa koko o ka vagus nā aʻalolo. Together ka mea i hana i ka cervical neurovascular laulau.

Bifurcation o ka pono carotid artery

Ma luna, kokoke i ka lihi o ka thyroid cartilage o ka mahele o ka carotid artery i loko o na, a mawaho / ma waho (i loko o ka mua kiʻi ia 1 a me 2). Ma wahi o ka bifurcation, ma ka pono carotid artery mau lala i mau lapa o ka palena manawa, a ua kapaia ka carotid sinus a me ka Pule Hoola pheochrome kino - e pili ana i ka sine o ka uuku nodule. Kēia reflex cii mea nui loa i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, ia mea kuleana no ke koko, (kona kumupaʻa), ke kūpaʻa o ka naau Muscle a me ke koko kinoea.

Ua maheleia hoi mawaho carotid artery i loko o kekahi mau hui o ka moku nui, a pau ai ke koko no ka salivary a me ka thyroid glands, lehalehu t nāʻiʻo a me na olelo, a me ka'ā'ī parotid aina, i ka wahi o ka luna, a me nā kino wahi. Ua he o:

• ka mawaho o ka thyroid;
• pii pharyngeal;
• 'ōlelo;
• ke alo;
• occipital;
• posterior auricular artery.

Ua maheleia hou ia i loko o elima ipu koko Na na carotid artery, a ua hana i ke kahua o ka halihali ana i ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo ka, i ke alo a me ka hope o ke poo o ka lolo, ka spinal kaula i loko o ka wahi o ka cervical vertebrae. Ua ninoieo o ehiku Hoʻohana:

• Manoukian.
• Eye.
• Cervical.
• Pohaku.
• Auka.
• Cavernous.
• Hoʻohana pali lua.

Ana o ke koko i loko o ka carotid artery

E ana i ke koko pae pono e hele i ke ao, a ua kapaia ka ʻelua papa kaʻimiʻana o nā moku brachiocephalic (SPL BCA). Brachiocephalic (mainline) na moku i kapaʻia ka nui arteries a me aa koko i loko o ka kanaka kino - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Ka mea, o ka mea, o ka poe i kuleana no ke koko lako i ka lolo nā'aʻaʻa o ke poo a me ka lunaʻaoʻao.

Hopena Hōʻike SPL GCA:

• akea vascular lumen;
• imua / wa e kaawale aku o ka plaque ho okumu, kaha onionio, koko clots ma luna o ko lākou mau pā;
• ? anoe? aiey / stenosis o ka moku paia;
• no ka deformation, mawae, aneurysms.

Normal koko a hiki i ka lolo - 55 ml / 100 g.'aʻaʻa. He ia nui o ka holomua ma ka carotid hoʻohiki maikai krovosnabzheniyaegolovnogo lolo a me ka ole hou o ka lumen, plaque ho okumu, deformations o ka carotid artery.

Thrombosis o ka carotid artery

A hiki aku ka mea maloko /, he pono ole / mawaho carotid arteries i occluded (ma ka moku lumen i hana thrombus), ischemic hahauʻana i, a me kekahi manawa koke make. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka thrombosis ka atherosclerosis, e hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka plaque. Other kumu no keʻano o nā plaques i:

• i ke alo o na maʻi puʻuwai me ka fibromyshechnaya dysplasia, moyamoya maʻi, Horton, Takayasu ka;
• traumatic lolo eha me hematoma i loko o ka wahi o ka artery;
• mall hiʻona o na arteries: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
• e uwahi ana;
• mimikō;
• obesity.

Nā symptoms o ke alo o plaques

Ma ka hoʻomaopopo aku i ka pono carotid artery, ma i ka hou a me ka plaque ho okumu i ia iho, i ole hōʻike. Eia naʻe, eia na hoailona ma i ke kauka ke diagnose lākou alo.

• ai eha;
• loa ho'āhewa wale o ka headache;
• lilo o ka ike paka i, maʻule hou ihola nō;
• papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika makapo i loko o kekahi a me nā maka;
• blurred hihiʻo i hoʻokō ';
• cataracts;
• imua o ka manaʻo tinnitus (puhi 'ole e kala ana);
• lōlō o na wawae, a mau wawae;
• ka haunaele i ka wa e hele ana;
• maopopo sluggishness, lethargy;
• nawaliwali e kamaiʻilio ana neʻe;
• hoʻololi i keʻano o nā maka retina;
• convulsions;
• hallucinations, delirium, hihia hoʻi ike paka;
• olelo kāna hana, a me ka oi.

O ka holo mea hōʻemi o ka lolo, pili i ka 'aʻe' ana o kona koko lako a me ka naau hoouka (i loko o ka hihia o ka piha iaʻi o ka moku) hiki me ka nui loa hoʻololi ola i kekahi manawa.

Lapaʻau o carotid artery blockage

Ma mua o ka manawa i oleloia ai o ka iapaau ana ua lawe mai i kekahi anamanaʻo e leie aku mākou e kau i nā hiʻona o ka maʻi, e hooholo i ka mau wahi o ka loli ana o artery:

• Ultrasound me Doppler.
• Rheoencephalography (REG) - e hoʻolako 'ike ma luna o ka elasticity a me ka leo o ka lolo moku.
• Electroencephalography (EEG) - study o ka moku'āina o ka lolo i hana '.
• ʻume mākenēki resonance kiʻi (MRI) - haawi i ka piha kiʻi o ka moku'āina o ka lolo waiwai, ipu koko a me ko mākou hopohopo kahua.
• Me tomography (HI) scan - X-na kukuna o ka lolo hale.

Ma hope akuʻike, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui a me ka ano o ka maʻi, i hoakaka ia:

1. Makeʻe kulana. Prophylactic lapaʻau o kekahi ai '(anticoagulants a me thrombolytics) no ka mahina a hiki makahiki, me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika ka pāʻana o ke degere o ka hou.
2. ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau / neurosurgical lapaʻau (me ka mau thrombi, o ka pilikia o ka thromboembolism):

• Novocaine blockade.
• Ka hoomoe ana holo alaʻokoʻa ka occluded hapa o ke koko o ka carotid artery.
• Hope o ka poino moku pakuiia auanei lakou.