Ant- a Artic wao nahele: ma ka lepo 'ano a me nā hiʻona o ka lepo

Artic wao nahele - he nui mokuna, uhi me ka hauneneʻe a me ka hau, a ulu loa sparse kanu. Kēia wahi mea o ka nui hoihoi i loko o ka cognitive a me kaʻepekema hua'ōlelo. Ma ka 'atikala i ka mea heluhelu ua ike lea i na ano a me ka waiwai o nā soils Artic waonahele no hoi ia.

Ano o maoli wahi

Artic waonahele prevalent ma Greenland a me ka Hale Arctic pae, a ninoaaeyao ka hapanui o ia mau mea. Ka puunaue kahi o ke anu wao nahele mea,ʻaʻole pēlā i kaupalena '. Ka mea, Kīwala'ō i ka Arctic Ocean, na mokupuni kīkoʻo ma ka mokuna o Eurasia a me Antarctica. Artic waonahele noho ana i ka loa'ākau Asia a me Amerika outskirts, ka mea, i pono ole, i loko o nā mokupuni o ka Arctic kīʻaha.

Ke aniau Ua anu winters loa a me ka loa. Ka luna hoʻomalu e pōkole a me ka anu. Naciiiuo mahele Ua conditional - ua hoʻopili i ka Polar hooilo po a me ke kauwela - lā. Artic waonahele ciia - i ke aupuni o ka mau loa ka hau a me ka hau. Iloko o ke kauwela manawa i pakele o ka hau wahi mau mea o ka aina a pau. Inā 'oe i noi mai, "He aha ke ano o ka aina i loko o Artic wahi nahele no hoi", i ka pane mea puni - ka mea, i nā undeveloped a me ka weuweu a me ka pohaku. Ulu ma luna o ia e hiki wale mosses lichens. Mea kanu me ka pua i'āina pohihihi keia.

LepoʻAno Artic waonahele no hoi ia

Natural wahi mai o ka laau a hiki i ka equator e puku i kekahi i kekahi, niioaaonoaaiii, lepoʻAno OAOOUIEeE kekahi. Kēia 'atikala discusses ka Arctic wao nahele, i ka lepo ua hanaʻia i loko o hoʻohalahala hana kūpono me ka loa haʻahaʻa mahana i loko o ka hooilo.

Ua aʻole i ka mea 'ano climatic rula o ka Arctic waonahele. LepoʻAno, niioaaonoaaiii, i ole oko 'ano. Ka papa lepo 'ano i loko o ka wahi - keia mea i ka Arctic. Ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o subtypes: wao nahele-Artic, a Artic typical. Pehea ikaika e ka lepo pili, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hohonu o ka thawing i loko o ka haawiia mai ia wa. Ma ka lepo lipolipo i kaawale e weakly. Inā na rula no ka ho okumu ana i ka lepo, he nui maikaʻi, i ka mea kanu peat moana lipolipo ua olelo pono, eia nae o ka humus - he nui loa.

Desert a Artic soils

Ka mea, kūlana 'ka'ākau hapa o ka Arctic wahi, i ka ua kūponoʻia haʻawina i hana Lok a me gravelly hoʻokomo kālā. Artic wao nahele, ma kahi a ka lepo hoi i ka mea waiwai i loko o ka mahuaola, ua sparse mea kanu. Ma kēia mau soils ulu ka limu, lichens a me sporadic flowering mea kanu. e uhi nui wahi me nā puʻu o ka pōhaku. I ka ili o ka wao nahele ua maheleia i polygons nui mawae, kekahi iwakalua mau mika ka laula. Lepo haʻahaʻa mana Profile (40 mau kenimika), i ka i kēia lipolipo

• Ke humus, ahu iho. Ua loaʻa he yellowish-eleele waihoʻoluʻu. humus maʻiʻo o kekahi paha mau pakeneka, loamy, kona 'ole i lolelua ka granular.
• Ke hoʻololi, ahu iho. Naʻe ia he iwakālua a hiki i hookahi kanaha kenimika. Ka penaʻana moana lipolipo eleele, yellow-mea eleele a me blotchy. Loamy, mļkina, uuku lumpy. He ua hele ma luna o ka mokuna thawing.
• Hope moana lipolipo - permafrost ho okumu i ka lepo, he one Lok, gravelly, anuanu, ahu iho ana malamalama eleele i ka waihoʻoluʻu.

Ka holoʻokoʻa 'āpana hoi he nui loa ma lalo ia? Aie?, Ke alahula wahi ana me ka wai. Keia mea aie a hiki i ke kahe o ka meltwater o ka hauneneʻe a me snowfields. No laila, ma lalo o ka limu hiki ke loaʻa bog soils. Here lipolipo loa ikiʻokoʻa. No gleying.

Typical soils o ka Arctic

'Aʻole wale nō i kuʻu iho'āpana, akā, i ka plateau kiʻekiʻe poe Arctic waonahele no hoi ia. LepoʻAno mea,ʻaʻole heʻano nui. Desert soils o ka Arctic ciia coexist me typical. i ka wahi o ko lākou mau ho okumu kiʻekiʻe plateau watershed puu meaola i alapiʻi. Ke aupuni 'typical soils meaʻano nui i loko o kaʻaoʻao hema o ka ciia ma lalo o uhi ana i ka limu kanu. Aia mahuahua hau paa na mawae a me shrinkage mawae. Soils i he lahilahi holoʻokoʻa: 40-50 kenimika, a i ka penei lipolipo:

• Ka limu a me lichen papa mānoanoa o ekolu mau kenimika.
• Ke humus, ahu ihoʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele, loamy. Ke kanu'ōiwi Ua fragile, granular a me lumpy. Wehewehe aku ma ka porosity, mawae, haoʻa i kekahi 'hoʻololi i ka mea e hiki mai ana, ahu iho.
• Transient moana lipolipo anuanu Hi ohia, loamy, heterogeneous 'ole, me ka lepo o ka loli iki nui, nō kāu noʻeleʻele ano.
• Ka hope, ahu iho - o ka makua, permafrost, malamalama i eleele. pohaku koena ai i pinepine i loaʻa.

Haku mele 'ana o typical lepo

ʻO ka nui o humus i loko o ke keena moana lipolipo o ke kamaaina mea 'ē aʻe, e pili ana, ewalu pakeneka. Akā, kona huina i emi me ka hohonu. Ma o na waiwai o soils Artic wao nahele, ke hiki e olelo aku i ka Hoʻohaku hapa o humus i ka fulvic nāʻakika. Ma ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa e ike fulvates, kalipuna humate. Clay (particles) e hookomoia ma ka liʻiliʻi nui. Ka 'ole o ka typical lepo kikowaena neʻe maila hao.

He aha characterizes ka lepo i loko o ka Arctic waonahele?

Ke kaumaha ma muli o nā pōhaku i e i ka lepo, ke naoh meakino mea ikiʻakika e iki'ākilikai. I kekahi manawa, i ka lepo he kalepona paʻakai, wai wailana. Kalakala, inhospitable aniau mea Arctic waonahele no hoi ia. lepo wehewehe aku ma ka wa e kaawale aku gleying nā i ka nele o ka ii iai, cryogenic keʻano o ka hanaʻana: fracturing, pa ahau ke hoopaapaa. Aie i ka Hoʻohaku hopena o weathering, weathering pńpa ua hana i ka'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akula clastic weakly leached 'ole. A pau i kēia ka poʻea pau i ke kahua o na mawae a me polygons pohaku puʻu.

Ho okumu ana i ka lepo ma lalo o ia lŘlŘ ka mea kanu e ulu selectively wale. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma ka olelo'āina, wetting ano? Ueo. Little-ike maoli 'āpana o ka Arctic waonahele no hoi ia. Ka lepo mea no ka nui pono o nā kānakaʻepekema. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i loko o ka mea, he mea kanu, a hānai ma luna o na holoholona. Mau soils i wehewehe aku ma kekahi ano o polygonal ka mea, hoʻopapakū puunaueia na mawae i hanaʻia ma ka loa aiʻaihueʻia.

Artic nahele no hoi ia Rusia

Keia maoli 'āpana o Nyos i loko o ka'ākau hapa o ka aina o ko mākou'āina. No hoi, ma ka mea kiekie loa ka latitu Arctic. Mai ke kūkulu hema ia kona palena me ka Wrangel Island, ma ke kūkulu'ākau - me ka Manuela Josef Land. Ua Ua hakuʻia o nā mokupuni, Peninsula a me Arctic kai.

Kēia ciia Ua wehewehe aku ma ka loa kalakala aniau i loko nō, i ka hope o ka i hoʻoikaika ai me ke kiʻekiʻe ka latitu, haahaa ana wela a me ka lewa mai ka hau, a me ka hau wela. Na ka luna hoʻomalu o ke anu a me ka pōkole. Winter oia lōʻihi, a me ka ikaika o ka makani, snowstorms a me ka noe. Hauneneʻe uhi oi ma mua o kanawalu-kumamalima pakeneka o ka ?? eoi? Ee.

Artic waonahele lepo i loko o Rusia undeveloped. A nui loa o ka 'ilikai ua ku ma ka hoopuehu aku ana o ka pohaku, a mau loa hauneneʻe. Ka loa e like me ka ano o ka lepo i ka'Ālika tundra soils. Ka lepo Profile Ua wehewehe aku ma ka nui nona iho, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka thawing o ka lepo kolamu. Ka luna moana lipolipo ninoieo o peat.

Ka Arctic a me Ant-

Mau wahi noho nui pāhili. Artic - ma ka'ākau Polar aina, a me Antarctica (nā moku'āina 'Antarctica) - i loko o ke kūkulu hema. Ka mea, i ka hailonaʻana i loko o na: lōʻihi anu, mau loa hauneneʻe, alternating Polar lā a me nā pō. Akā, he mea oko ao. Ka mea nui wale nō mea i ka piko o ka Arctic mea i loko o ka moana, a Antarctica - ma ka pelapela. Ka mea, i kekahi kiʻiona hiʻona: ka mau loa hauneneʻe a me ka moe ana hau Aneane pau ka makahiki - ia Aloha Arctic a me ke Anuhema waonahele no hoi ia.

Mau cii i lahilahi ka lepo, humus ahu iho la ka poe ilihune ma ka humus. Nā soils o Antarctica,ʻoiai i ka mea uuku loa dala, akā, no ke launa mai ke aloha mea. Ka mea, lawe mai nā manu a me ka sila e hanai ana oia i meaola kai. Nawaliwali kanu ninoieo o lichens, mosses, ka līoho a me ka pohihihi flowering mea kanu.

Artic waonahele lepo ili wehewehe aku i loko o ia mea, oia hoi ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka paʻakai. Ma kaʻilikai, pinepine hana efflorescence. I ke kau, he mea i ka poʻe Polenekia o ka paʻakai, no laila, i ke kahua o ka poe liilii, ka waikai o ic ??ʻaneʻi mea ole uncommon.