Antarctica: ano. Flora a? Aaoa o Antarctica

'O kēia kekahi o nā' âinapuni loa enigmatic a uuku-ʻikeʻia ma luna o mākou Honua. Antarctica wehe elua intrepidʻImi Loa - M. Lazarev a me Bellingshausen. Kā lākou huakaʻi hoopaa i ke ola ana o Antarctica ma kaʻaoʻao hema o ka poepoe honua. Ua hiki i ka 1820.

I keia la, i ka hema 'āinapuniʻole o ka honua, me ka i hoʻokumu, paa nui na mea pohihihi. Nature o Antarctica mea nō ke koʻikoʻi a me ka mea i kekahiʻano. Ua Ua hookupaa i keia mea i ka lani kiekie loa'āinapuniʻole. Ka aina e pii ai ma luna o kaʻilikai ma 2-4 tausani (ma ka waena o ka'āinapuniʻole) kilomika.

Description o ka'āinapuniʻole

Transarctic Mountains i kela kapa o Antarctica, a mahele ia i loko o nā māhele - hikina a me ke komohana. Aneane ua uhiia i ka'āinapuniʻole holoʻokoʻa i ka hau. Wale nō i loko o ka komohana hapa o ka hola he kanaha tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika o ka noho wahi, hau-noa. Ka mea, i aia ma luna o ka Pacific mokuna - he uuku pāpū, a he mau mauna kuahiwi, kapaʻia nunataks. Lakou hale kiaʻi ma luna o ka hau.

Ka hau uhi o ka'āinapuniʻole - i ka mana nui i loko o ke ao nei - 30 miliona cubic mika o ka hau i ka e mai 90% o ka hapahā o ka aina hau. Characteristically, o ka hau o Antarctica pihaʻi me nunui me ke koe o ka wai.

climatic ana

Antarctica He okoa ke ano maoli coldest aniau i loko nō ma luna o ka honua nei. I ka 1983, ua kauoha aku kakau loa palena iki - hua 89,2 degere. I ka hooilo o ka mahana ua mālama i puni -60 i -75 degere. Ma ke kauwela i puka mai ai ka -50. A wale nō ma luna o ka mokuna i ke aniau mea mehana: kaʻawelike papa koa mai 0 a hiki i -20 degere.

Kimu hiki i loko o ka palapala o ka hau, a ua'opihia ma lalo o kona mau kaumaha, ho okumu i hou papa o ka hau wale.

Naʻe i loko o Antarctica, he mau muliwai a me ic ??. Ka mea, eʻikeʻia i loko o ke kau, a ma ka hooilo koke hou uhi me ka hau. I kēia lā, ua 'ike akula' epekema 140 subglacial o ic ??. O kēia mau mea, wale kekahi, aole ia e pa ahau - East.

Nā flora o Antarctica

ka'āinapuniʻole ka flora ka'āina ilihune. Natural hiʻona o Antarctica aie i kona hoʻohalahala huliau. Ka hapanui o ka līoho uluʻaneʻi - ma kahi o 700? Ueo. He noa mai ka hau papu, a ua uhiia i ka mokuna o ka'āinapuniʻole lichens a me mosses. Flowering mea kanu ma keia aina kalakala, wale elua - pearlwort Quito a me ke Anuhema lauoho mauu.

Pearlwort Quito e pili ana i ka ohana Caryophyllaceae. Kēia haʻahaʻa herbaceous mea kanu me ka pincushion ÿano me ka uuku haikea melemele a me keʻokeʻo pua. Ke kiekie o ka makua mea kanu mai i oi aku mamua o elima 5 kenimika.

Ant- lauoho mauu no i kiliala. Wale ulu ma ka aina, sunlit. Mau papu ka nalu ulu mai i 20 mau kenimika. Ke kanu tolerates ke kūpaleʻana. A hiki i ka flowering ka mea, aole ia eʻino i ka aiʻaihueʻia.

Nā flora o ka Ant-, hooku iho la ia mau mea kanu hakuloli i ka mau loa anu. Lākou mau keena komo uuku paha i ka wai, a pau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka meheu o.

holoholona

Oi loa aku hoi i ke ano o Antarctica, a haʻalele lākou hōʻailona ma luna o nā aaoa o ka'āinapuniʻole. Animals e noho i ka icy aina wale ma laila mea kanu. I loko nō o ka hoʻohalahala aniau ma Antarctica i loko o ka wa kahiko i noho ma dinosaurs.

Ant- holoholona hiki ke maheleia i mau hookaawale groups - wai a me ka honua. It E e kaulana i na holoholona i mau noho ana ma luna o ka'āina, i loko o Antarctica ma laila.

I ka wai a puni ka'āinapuniʻole, waiwai ma ka zooplankton, i mea no ka papa kuhikuhi ai no ka sila,'ō koholā, penguins a me ke kai liona. He wahi noho i ka hau iʻa - kupaianaha aoa i hakuloli i noho i loko o ka wai icy.

No ka nui holoholona o Antarctica i uliuli'ō koholā, a,ʻo ka nui helu o ka shrimp.

I freshwater o ic ?? moe uliuli-omaomao līoho a me nematodes, copepods a me daphnia kānāwai.

manu

No ka penguins, skuas a me Arctic Terns maoli ka home o Antarctica. Nature 'Aʻole i' ae i ka'āinapuniʻole e ola hou manuʻaneʻi. eha laha 'o penguins e noho i loko o Antarctica. Hapanui heluna kanaka - imperial. Kēlā wā i kēia wā ma ka hema'āinapuniʻole lele petrels.

mammals

Antarctica, i ke ano o ka i mea oiʻoʻoleʻa no na holoholona e noho ana, e hiki wale kaena o ia mau? Ueo i mea hiki ke noho pu ma ka aina a me ka wai. Mua o nā mea a pau ia wepa. Eia hou, ma ka mokuna ola leopadi sila a me Elephant wepa. Dolphins ua uuku na one aole hoi i eleele, a keokeo, i whalers kapa kai bipi.

Moana Antarctica

Ma keia'āinapuniʻole ola hailona o kekahi Moana. Kā lākouʻai ninoieoʻano nui o ka plankton crustaceans. O kēia mau mea, e mea pono no ke kahińuli i ka nā leopadi - i ka nui loa o na wepa, krill. He ola ma ka lepo hohonu. Naʻe, ka mea, ua nani Moana i mea hiki ke imi a nui holoholona. Oia holoholona aka mea naciiiuo wale ma ke ano maoli, a ua manao ia o na¯ 'i kaʻai, a he o ka hee a me ka iʻa, akā, ka mea, o ke kumu o ka krill. A uuku helu o kēia mau meaola Moana i kahi kokoke i ka rookeries o für sila a me penguin panalāʻau. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, i kēia mau kānaka nunui e naulu la ma ka hau floes ma ka Peninsula, a me ka hoʻomaka o ka hooilo hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka huina nui ma South Georgia.

Leopard sila - i maoli na kanaka nunui. Kūʻauhau kauoha aku lōʻihi - 3,8 mika, akā, he mau holoholona, a nui.

Ma o ka haule ana o ka leopadi hoʻololi i ke ala o ke ola, a hele mai ma kahi kokoke i ke kahakai ma i iho inexperienced opiopio für sila a me penguins.

invertebrates

E hoopau ai i ke fits keʻano o Antarctica, no laila ia arthropod invertebrates. Ma Antarctica, ka home a hiki i 67? Ueo o ticks a me eha laha 'ana o na uku hoi kekahi. Aia nā manu makika,ʻuku lele, a, o ka papa, makika. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka wingless mosquito-ringing me ka mokulele hēkīʻeleʻele kala like 'ole, i loaʻa wale nō ma luna o ka icy'āinapuniʻole. Mau nā mea kolo - endemic e pili ana i ka oo ano honua kahi holoholona.

Ke bulk o invertebrates a me nā mea kolo komo i ka hema'āinapuniʻole o ka manu.

? ecia

I loko nō o ka hoʻohalahala aniau ma Antarctica ma kahi o eono tausani o iauaeoia oo? Ecia e hele mai i kela makahiki. Ka hapa nui o ia e hele i ka Ant- Peninsula, ma ka international airport, a me ka? Enoneiai oaio. Ma ka 1990s, hoomaka ae la e kipa a iauaeoia oo? Ecia ka Ross kai.