Antibiotic "laau": aʻo no ka hoʻohana 'ana, maoli counterparts

O kēia hana maikaʻiʻole o infectious keʻano o ka hanaʻana, he mea hiki ole me ka hoʻohana o antibacterial ai '. Ka loa e māhuahua ia'ku o microorganisms i ka huli 'ana no ka hou ai' ole ka hoʻohana 'ia o ka pu o ka wa kahiko, ai antibiotics. 'Aʻole ma ka lokomaikai o ka naauao pono o antimicrobials ua höʻike läkou ma ka hookohu ana i kipi laulā-pae antibiotics, kahi o ka loiloi mua o ka pā lonoaʻili o flora i na ai' ma keia pae. Uluwehi O "laau", ai nui pharmacokinetic a pharmacodynamic pono ma ka helu o nā fluoroquinolones i increasingly hoʻohana no ka iapaau ana o infectious maʻi o kekahi etiologies.

Clinico-pharmacological ano

Ka medicament "laau" a me "levofloxacin" (International Nonproprietary Name) mea he antibiotic mai ka hopena ua fluoroquinolones, manao no enteral a me parenteral? Ooia o ka hooponopono.

Ma kona loa ano "laau" (manual haawi pono ia 'ike) ka monoftorhinolonom - isomer o ofloxacin, a me ka e like me nā ai', inā paʻa nui pharmacokinetic pono:

• ku una bioavailability He 100%, ke degere o ka pilina me ka wai koko nā polokina like kiʻekiʻe me 40%;
• i kā mākou koko lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau ua malama 1-2 hola ma hope o ku una hooponopono mea like me ia i kēia intravenous hooponopono;
• "Laau" ua wehewehe aku ma ka māhuahua ka leo o ka haawi aku i loko o ke kino, ma muli o ia ka mālama nui anal i loko o ka'aʻaʻa;
• He He He lōʻihi hapa-ola o ka meaola i ke kumu wale he hookahi mahele lāʻau o ka lāʻau no ka lā.

Ua haawiia i ka nui pākōlea fluoroquinolones hookoia ke kumu kokololio uku o ke ala i loko o ke koko lehulehu o ka pākōlea lāʻau, i ka hua pharmacokinetic kiko'î i 'ano kūpono no ka piha hoʻopau o microorganisms.

E like me kā lākou 'ano o ka hana ma luna o ka ulu a me nā'ōlelo o ka koʻohune, "laau" i ka bactericidal hookoia, impacting ole wale ma luna o ka hanaʻano o pathogenic koʻohune, akā, i loko o ka vegetative a me ka AEeOEXAaI.

Pūnao o kekahi ai 'ia lŘlŘ ma hepatocytes ma deacetylation a'okesaside. Eia naʻe, ma kahi o 5% o ka lāʻau ua excreted ma nā puʻupaʻa i metabolites, a ua hookuu ia i ke koena ma glomerular kānana, a omo secretion. It E e kaulana ia ma hope o moʻolelo hooponopono ana o ka nui mahele o ka lāʻau (ma kahi o 70%) ua excreted mai i ke kino i loko o 24 hola mai ka mimi, a ma kahi o 80% o ka mahele lāʻau ua eliminated ma hope o 48 hola. Ke kaʻana like 'ana o ka excretion o ka lāʻau ma ka gastrointestinal'āpana mea haʻahaʻa a me nā mea wale nō ma kahi o 4%.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lāʻau i loko o nā māhele o ka luna o 1000 mg no ka lā (palua-kela la i keia o na papa io o ka 500 mg) he mea uuku likelihood o ka ulu huina hopena.

ʻano papa hana o ka hana

Keʻano papa hana o ka lāʻau hana ma muli o inhibition o kekahi'ūhū kapa DNA gyrase, a ua komo i loko o ka replication keʻano o ka hanaʻana o aaiaoe mea ma ka stitching maikaʻi coils ma io helix DNA. E like me ka hopena o inhibition o ka'ūhū hana kue i keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka DNA replication, ke kelepona hele mahele, aeea make ia lŘlŘ.

"Laau": kuhi no ka hoʻohana a me nāʻikepili

I ka lā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE nāʻikepili no ka ho'ākākaʻia keʻano o ka hanaʻana i infectious mea koʻohune etiology, kena ae la ia e susceptible ke kanana nei o microorganisms i ka antibiotic i loko o nā mea maʻi mua o ka makahiki 18.

E hoomakaukau ai "laau" ala maikai nui ae ho'āʻo ai ma ka iapaau ana o naehana hanu mea koʻohune nā mea palahēhē o ka luna, a malalo naehana'āpana nā mea palahēhē e like me huʻi bronchitis, sinusitis, hoʻoʻino maʻi o ke akemāmā'aʻaʻa. He manawa, ma luna o nā mea a pau, he maikaʻi lāʻau anal i loko o ka epithelium o na bronchi a me ia maʻiʻaʻai kahi a hiki ma hope o ka mua lāʻau hooponopono hana pono ka lehulehu.

Ka Ia hoʻomanaʻo ana hoʻohana e hana urinary'āpana maʻiʻaʻai (pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, etc.), Biliary'āpana nā mea palahēhē, prostatitis, ili nā mea palahēhē, intraabdominal nā mea palahēhē a me sepsis.

I mea e hana infectious maʻi o ka Hawaiian Airlines "lapaʻau" ua ia (ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maʻi oolea) 1-2 manawa i ka lā me ka 500 mg no papa, a me injectable e hoʻomākaukau ai.

No ka iapaau ana o urinary'āpana nā mea palahēhē Ua lawa mahele lāʻau o ka la hoomalolo 1, 250 mg koke i ka lā, a me ka loa hihia, na kela la i keia mahele lāʻau hiki e 500 mg ( "e ola ai 500"). Na Ke Kumu no ka hoʻohana mai la oi palua-kela la i keia mahele lāʻau o ka 250 mg hiki auou caiaiai ma ka hookahi 500 mg ke kaumaha ma muli o ka maʻi oolea.

No ka iapaau ana o infectious maʻi o ka ili a me ka mucous "laau" Ua häʻawi mai i loko o ka laʻau heluna o 250 mg palua i ka lā.

Contraindications

Loa contraindication i ka loaa ana lāʻau mea hypersensitivity a allergic reactions ma ke alo o ka mōʻaukala o nā lāʻau fluoroquinolones.

Definitive ikepili e pili ana i ka hooponopono ana o ka lāʻau i hāpai keiki, ole, i kekahi lāʻau 'haʻawina o teratogenic a embryotoxic hopena i ole, ua hana.

Ma nānaina o keia manawa i oleloia ai "laau" no ka hapai wahine e ke käpae ', koe nae ma na hihia ma ka Loaʻaʻia pilikia o ka hooponopono ana o ka waiwai, ua haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka pomaikai mai ia.

Ma ka hihia o ka lāʻau i loko o nā mea maʻi pilikia mai porphyria, e i aggravation o ka maʻi.

Me ka kūikawā mālama nui infusion pāʻoihana E e pili ana i nā mea maʻi me mamua lesions o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (hahauʻana, naau ino, traumatic lolo poino), aie i ka likelihood kiʻekiʻe o convulsive Hawaii.

No nā mea maʻi e hana me ka luna 'maomeka ma ka hana a kipaku aku i kekahi kaa, aole hoi he kūikawā olelo, akā, noonoo i ka manawa kūpono o kaʻaoʻao' ole i loko o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana i loko o ka palapala o ka sleepiness, ka hilahila, a me kekahi poe e ae. No keia mea, e hoomanawanui mai keia ano o ka hana.

ʻaoʻao waiwai

Kekahi o ka loa nuiʻaoʻao 'ole i hoʻomōhala i nā mea maʻi loaa fluoroquinolones, mea he kāna hana o ka cartilage poho hālāwai hoʻolohe epiphyseal chondrocytes a me ka'aʻaʻa iho. Ma nānaina o keia k ua contraindicated i loko o ke kanaka ma lalo o makahiki 18 o ka makahiki, a me ka hapai wahine. It E e kaulana i loko o nā mea maʻi i malamaia ma 18 makahiki o ka makahiki e kū'ē i ka backdrop o lōʻihi-makahiki i o ka lāʻau hanana o ke arthralgia a dysfunction o ami. I waena o nāʻaoʻao 'ole nō kēia.

Ma ka hapa o ka gastrointestinal'āpana - nausea, ka luaʻi, lilo o ka ikaika loa ka makemake, i ka helehelena o ke koikoi ka waiʻona ma ke ma ka epigastric aina, oe e 'ike gastrointestinal kahe ana ke koko a me ka ulu ana o gastroenteritis; mahuahua ma transaminases i loko o ke koko wai koko.

Ma ka hapa o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana - ka hooulu ana o ka encephalopathy symptoms, headache, pōniuniu, lilo o ka ike paka i, hiamoe kāna hana, a me ka pinepine loli ma ka naʻau i loko, i ka helehelena o paresthesias, hallucinations a me delusions.

Ma ka hapa o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana - ka hooulu ana o allergic reactions e like me ili poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole, ka ohane, a hiki hoʻomōhala photodermatitis hoʻolako kiʻekiʻe insolation.

Mai ka urinary'ōnaehana - ulu o ka crystalluria.

Ke naehana'ōnaehana paha hanana o ke bronchospasm, a ma ka circulatory'ōnaehana - ka pahikaua emi ana i loko o ke koko,, hypoglycemia kūpono 'ana naoh ma ka halepaahao hemostasis (i loko o ka palapala o ka thrombocytopenia, etc.).

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nā ai '

fluoroquinolone ai 'ka mea, i lawelawe pu me antacids, like keia me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā ka omo a me ka bioavailability o antibiotics. 'Aʻole i paipai i ka wā hoʻokahi palapala noi "laau" me ka hao hoomakaukau, e like me ka pono me ai' e aloha ia ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai hana o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Eia kekahi, he mea hoike e pili ana i ke kanawai o ke probenecid a me cimetidine ma ka excretion o ka lāʻau (e hiki ke ho'ēmi i hoʻopau o ka antibiotic mau waiwai).

Unambiguous PAaIEN o ka lāʻau hana kūleʻa me levofloxacin ole. Ma nānaina o ka haʻahaʻa pūnao o ka lāʻau i loko o ka hepatic'aʻaʻa, a me ka nele o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nā'ūhū o ka pae o ka cytochrome P450 «laau" 'aʻole e hoʻololi i ka hope haʻawina, akā, manaʻo huhū i kēia, e like lālā' ē aʻe o ka fluoroquinolone, e ole e hui i ka lāʻau me ka ai 'teofilinovogo moʻo a me ka ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe anticoagulants, manawa i ka hiki mahuahua i loko o ko lākou lehulehu i loko o ke koko.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lāʻau' i breastfeeding

I ka lā,ʻaʻole nō he 'ike e pili ana i ka hiki mai o ka lāʻau, e komo iloko o ka makuwahine o ka umauma o ka waiu. Inā he mea i ka pono o antibiotic Inc i ka umauma-e ai ana, i ka hope hooki no ka manawa paipai (ka lōʻihi like hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka oolea o ka maʻiʻaʻai, a manao lōʻihi like 'ole o ka antibiotic kanaka). Inā e pono ai i ka mea e malama i lactation paka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika pumping a paʻa lactation loa ma 'inikua' ana.

I loa hoopii, umauma-e ai ana a me ka antibiotics e ia i loko o ka pilikia auhau no ke keiki a me kona makuwahine.

Release palapala a me ka laʻau heluna

"Laau" ua hua mai i nā 'ano apau loa: no ka enteral a parenteral hooponopono. No ka moʻolelo mea, malaila papa palapala hoopii 250 a me 500 mg o ka lāʻau (niioaaonoaaiii ma lalo o ke kalepa inoa o ka "laau 250" a me ka "500 laau"). No ka parenteral mea, i loaʻa infusion pāʻoihana.

"Laau" papa i lawe 1-2 manawa i ka lā ma muaʻai paha ma waena o kona epekema mea ole kinowai,'uī me ka lawa ka wai. Ma ka hanana o ka pono, e puunaue i ka mahele lāʻau i loko o ka hapalua o ka lāʻau, i ka papa ke wāwahi nō ma luna o ka i 'ae' i loko o nā māhele.

No ka parenteral hoʻoponopono, Ua loaʻa me kaʻeleu 'Oponopono nā hoʻohui like o 500 mg / 100 ml o ka pāʻoihana pāʻoihana no ka pahu kui ( "e ola ai 500"). Ma ka hihia o intravenous ka pahu kui, i ka hoike ana o ka lāʻau i ole wikiwiki mua no 1 hora.

hou hoʻololi i ka papa palapala ua paipaiʻia ma hope o infusion hooponopono. I manaoia lōʻihi like hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka oolea o ka maʻiʻaʻai a me ka pā lonoaʻili o pathogenic microorganisms i ka antibiotic. Inc (irrespective o ka palapala o ka hooponopono) i hooluoluia mai ai e hoʻomau i 3-4 lā ma hope o normalization o ke kino mahana. Kaawale lapaau, a kakahiaka nui e hoopau ana i ka lāʻau 'ua ole e waiho no ka mea, o ka mea kamepiula kiʻekiʻe o kaʻaoʻao reactions a me ka hiki' ana o ka ia'ku i ka lāʻau microflora.

Cautions

Ma mua o Inc hoʻohana "laau" manual obliges paa Eia kekahi laʻana no microbial ke kanana nei pā lonoaʻili i ka waiʻona. Eia naʻe, mai ka palahalaha pae o ka hana, lapaʻau i e hoʻomaka 'ole alakaʻi i ka hāpana, ukali ma ka manao paa o ka loa ka hoʻokō lāʻau.

Ka lanakila i kekahi laau "laau", E e uku ai i ke Ka Ikepili pahuna e loiloi iʻaʻa puʻuwai koko kūikawā noonoo, no ka ua excreted ka bulk o ka lāʻau ma o nā puʻupaʻa ia. I ka 'aʻe' ana i ka lāʻau 'hope mahele lāʻau hana pono e e like ma kulike ai me kaʻae o endogenous creatinine.

Infusion hoomakaukau palapala ua pololei papa ia hui me ka pāʻoihana no injections, a i ka kona'ākilikai naoh (paʻakai bicarbonate), a me ka heparin. No ka mea o ka infusion dilutions rasvor "laau" hana maʻalahi me isotonic paʻakai koloriside pāʻoihana, isotonic monakō koko pāʻoihana "Ringer".

Iloko o ke? Eaia, "laau" E pakele inu waiʻona, i ka mea hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i kaʻawahia hopena o levofloxacin ma ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana a oi hai hoike ana o kaʻaoʻao loa.

Inā, nae, ua hoʻoholo ihola ma luna o lākou iho, e pili i ka "laau", aʻo no ka hoʻohana 'ana, analogues, E e hookolokolo aku la ia me ke akahele, no ka mea, o ka piha o ka' ike a me ka reliance ma kūpono ike o ka la hoomalolo, e pale aku aohe ahailono,.

Pūnaewele a me ka lako hou i ka keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau

Special pūnaewele kūlana o ka lāʻau 'aʻole koi' ia. Kona ola ua lako pono i Ambient wela i 25 kekelē Kelekia. Mai ka "laau" keʻena kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau (antibiotic) kuhikuhi.

I ka kūʻai i kekahi huahana mea loa nō hoʻi e hoʻolohe i ka pono a me ka maluhia o ka'ōpala,? Iecaianoaaiiuo lā a me ka holopapa ola. Pono pono e noho i loko o ka pahu o ke lapaau "laau" manual. Papa pono ia i loko o kiʻekiʻe-kbps'ōpala. Oe ke kaha i ka tactile manaʻo nei ke o ka mea, (e like me ka mea i mea malihini). O ke kumu ho i ka mea i nui a oi pinepine i loko o ka mea lāʻau lapaʻau kuai loaʻa nā counterfeits a me fakes, a ma kahi e, aole hiki ke hōʻike i kūpono antibacterial ai ka wā lawe hōʻike waha, a ma poʻe hewa nui - i loaʻaoʻao ole. No laila, noho i ka lāʻau, maiʻaʻole e palaualelo, e ninau aku i ka pharmacist e pili ana i ke alo o ka mea e like ai palapala, e hookupaa aku ana i ke kumu o ka lāʻau, "laau" (papa). Pono e komo Na Ke Kumu no ka hoʻohana (kuhikuhi lāʻau ho'ōla pānaʻi ai) 'ike e pili ana i ke kumu o na dala.

overdose

I Ina aole mea i maopopo antidote overdose. Symptomatology ma ka oi o ka mahele lāʻau mea ponoʻano nui a hiki i ka aoao o ka hope ma ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai hana o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ma keia hihia, ua noʻonoʻo hilahila, drowsiness, pōniuniu, a me symptoms o ka excitation o ka'emi'ōnaehana i loko o ka palapala o ka psychosis, ke kāʻili 'ana, a me na mea e ae.

Lapaʻau ua nona ma ka ke ake excretion o ka lāʻau. Ua haawiia i ke kiʻekiʻe bioavailability a me ka hāʻawi 'ana i ka lāʻau ma ke kino, hemodialysis detoxification epekema i ineffective. He mea pono e hooki aku i ke kahe ana o ka lāʻau i loko o ke kino, a e lawe mai i ka symptomatic lapaau.

No ka mea, o ka mea nui hoʻopau o ka "laau" ma ke kānana i loko o ka hakuʻala glomeruli ka hoʻokō iaoia o detoxifying ia mea i hoʻohana koʻana koko ka paʻakai pāʻoihana a me infusion o diuretic ai 'loop type hana.

Reviews o ka la hoomalolo

Holo nōhie mālama maikaʻi pane ma luna o ka lāʻau, no o kona kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana i ka iapaau ana o infectious maʻi o ia wahi etiology. E like me ii aku ai ma ka "laau" kauoha no ka hoʻohana ana i ka lāʻau 'hōʻike manaʻo e koe,ʻaʻole wale nō nā mea maʻi, akā, i kauka, ka mea i kaulana kona kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana, mai a hiki i ka lapaau ana i nosocomial a me ka nosocomial nā mea palahēhē.

Noke hōʻike manaʻo a me ka hāʻule pohō wale lāʻau i koe i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE nā mea maʻi. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka hooulu ana o ko lākou mauʻaoʻao waiwai, aole hoi hoʻohana kūpono 'ole o ka "pono". Aʻo, eia nae, i hāʻawi mai i ka loa hulina 'ikepili no kēia huahana. Noke hōʻike manaʻo e ku pono ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka lāʻau ma ka hihia ma ia mea ineffective no i' ole-kaʻaeʻana mai o ka pae ana o antibacterial hana o ka microbial maʻiʻaʻai. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka pilikia o nā manaʻo pinepine haʻalele nā mea maʻi i ka pakiko-lapaʻau, a lawe i ka pakiko-i'ōleloʻia ai, a ma ka hoike ana o hoa ole "laau" hoa (aʻo i ka Ia manawa ua pinepine AOON, i mai ole kaena paipaiʻia). Noke manaʻo mai ola kino 'Oihana ua kokoke i ka malamaia. O ke kumu ho i ka pololei a me ka naauao ana o na laau ( 'ike e pili ana i ka "laau 500" e manual he lawa' ike no ka pololei o ka lāʻau).

Uluwehi O analogues "laau"

No ka hoʻomäkaukau ' "laau" aʻo analogs i ho'ākāka' ia penei: mai ka lāʻau o ke fluoroquinolone antibiotic levofloxacin, kiʻekiʻe-papa analogues hiki ke noonooʻaneʻane a pau ai 'o ka haku mele' ano like. ka mea, e kaulana mua o nā mea a pau "Levofloxacin", "Sol", "noketura", "Levoksimed" Mawaena o kēia mau mea, a he nui na mea e ae. No ka "laau" (papa) hoʻohana noi hoʻolako analogs o ai 'e like me "Leflok", "Floksium" a me na mea e ae.

ka hopena

Kaʻeleu ke keʻena "laau" lāʻau - he antibiotic levofloxacin. He mea he maikaʻi antibacterial Agena me ka laulā-pae bactericidal hopena. Aie i ka mea haʻahaʻa mea hiki wale mai o kaʻaoʻao 'ole a me ka nele o ka ia'ku i ka antibiotic okoa mea koʻohune ke kanana nei, i ua ana noi ma lapaʻau hoʻomaʻamaʻa "e ola ai". Na Ke Kumu no ka hoʻohana haawi loa hulina 'ike e pili ana i ka ha awina o ka lāʻau.