Russian lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea a me kona mōʻaukala

A iki ma hoʻokahi haneri makahiki aku nei, ma Rotehama II ka mana i ka mea i hanaia o ka squadron o ka mokulele, "Ilya Muromets". Ua Ua laila, hanau loa-huahelu maunakea ma ko kakou aina. About ka nui milestones i loko o kona mōʻaukala oe, e heluhelu i kēia mea.

Akā, mua, mākou e hookupu ai i na kanaka e noho ana ma ke poo o keia lala. Owai na luna o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea? E ka helu ia:

• PV Androsov.
• AE Golovanov.
• P. S. Deynekin.
• MH Zhiharev.
• IM Kalugin.
• AA Novikov, ka mea ma hope lilo i ka ilāmuku.
• M. M. Oparin.
• B. Reshetnikov.

Mau luna Ua hana nui e hoʻoikaika 'i ka hoomalu uea' o ko mākou'āina.

"Ilya Muromets": pehea mea a pau, hoomaka ae la

I ka pau ana o 1914 i hana i ka lani kiekie loa kauoha Squadron "Muromtsev" alai ae ia e Mihail Shidlovsky i ala hou. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o ka honua, aia ua kekahi hui nui o ka eha-engine Bombers a me ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea Ua hanau like ia me neia. Maoli, o ka "kupuna kāne" o kona mua e kū ana ma luna o ka'ēheu hou December 23, 1913.

"Muromets", a ua maikaʻi ike me C-22, i hana mai i ka kaʻao Sikorsky hola Russo-Balt. No kona manawa, ia ua he mea hiki ole mīkini i Hawaii ke pono e hapai i loko o ka lewa me ka nui me elima na tona o ka nuipa a. Ke pelane, he pono mau pu paepae ai, kekahi i no ia mau manawa, he ana-maka 'enehana he.

Komo i loko o World War I

Oddly lawa, ka squadron o kēia mau mokulele i lako pono i ka uku, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i ka maikai, koe nae no ka Lūkini kaua. Ma na makahiki eha mai ka 1914 a hiki i 1918, i ka mokulele ana oi ma mua o eha haneri sorties. Poho nui i ka pono kekahi mokulele.

I ka 1917, Sikorskiʻano nui i hanaia he hou mana, "type F". Total manao e kūkulu i ka 120 mokulele, akā, laila, i hele mai i ke kipi. O na kaa ke ahi, no laila, ka mea e ole hāʻule i loko o Kelemānia lima, a me ke koena no kekahi manawa hoʻohana me ke aʻo a me ka kaa.

Ke au Tupolev

Akā wale nō ke hoʻomaka i kēia ua. I ka qualitatively hou kiʻekiʻe o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea o ka USSR i ka wā o ka mokulele TB-3 i hanaia. I ka malama o ke hoʻololi i KB Andrei Tupolev. mīkini hooulu ana i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka 1926. Loko o 'elima makahiki,ʻaʻole wale nō nui-unahiʻole, i? Iecaianoaaiiuo i ua hoʻokumu pū, akā, kekahi shaping i ke kino o ka mea kaumaha Bombers ia no kēlā mau makahiki, ina ua hiki i kekahi aina o ke ao nei.

Ma ka mea hookahi makahiki 1934 pelane TB-4 i hana i koe ma ka mōʻaukala ma lalo o ka inoa "Maxim Gorky". Ua ua i ka mīkini o ākea holoʻokoʻa, i hiki ke hoʻohana no ka aneane nā hana.

I ka lele mua i wahi i ka makahiki 1934, ua ma ka helm o Mikhail Gromov. Kēia mīkini Ua hoonoho mau honua mooolelo: e hookiekie ae wahie, o ka umi a me kaʻumikumamālima tons i ke kiekie o ka elima kilomika. He ka "awaawa" lele i ka kaʻao kākau moʻolelo Antuan De Saint-Exupery. Akā, ua pōkole-i noho ai i ka makahiki o ka mokulele, e like me ia akulla hou flaws a me ka hewa i loko o kona mea i manao ai. Akā, i ka mōʻaukala o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea Ua hoomau.

New huahelu o ka mooolelo

Kela manawa, i ka 1932, i ka ua Tupolev nui ka fundamentally hou mokulele me nā mea a pau-metala fuselage, i ka puamauu-25. Ke kaʻa ua maikaʻi, ka mea, ua i kona maikai pailota o kēlā mau makahiki i kau mau honua mooolelo. No laila, Chkalov lele ma ia ia, mai Moscow a hiki i ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, e uhi ana i ka mamao o 9375 kilomika. June 18, 1937 a pau o ka hookahi Chkalov i kauoha mai ai i ka moku i hoʻokō i ka holo ana a hiki i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

Pono i ka mahina - hou i ka mooolelo. Oiai keia manawa, Soviet pailota lele hoʻi i Amerika, akā, i ka hope loa pahuhopu ua California,ʻaʻole Washington. I loko o kēia huakaʻi au i hahau ana wale elua (!) World mooolelo. Mua, ke kime lanakila 10 148 kilomika ma ka pololei o ka laina, a ua hiki ke lele 11.500 kilomika, e hele ana ma luna o ka haʻihaʻi i laina ke kahakai.

Ke kaʻao Ilyushin

I ka makahiki 1933, i ke alakaʻi o ka opiopio aupuni manao e hōʻiliʻili i ka'ōleloʻana mai iā mokulele poʻe akamai i loko o kekahi wahi, e like me urgently pono ai me ka hou loa-huahelu mokulele, i hoʻolako pono a me ka maikaʻi, loa i olelo mua iaʻi machines. Pono no laila, ka mea i hanau na kaulana CDB, i ku ma ke poo o Sergei Ilyushin. Just mau makahiki ma hope ka mea, ua manao iho hui i ka mea hou loa-huahelu bomber DB-3. Ua noho lōʻihi e haʻalele iho ai ho'āʻo ke kahu moku Vladimir Kokkinaki. Kela manawa, i ka 1936, hoomaka ae la ka mokulele, e hōʻea em me nā paʻi ma ka Soviet kaua.

An hoonui ae i kumu hoʻohālike o ka ia kaʻa, iʻikeʻia nā makahiki ma hope, i ka inoa o IL-4. He loaa mana kiko'ī a me nā mea kaua hou. Mamua o ke kaua, ma ka hapalua like-1940, DB-3 ua wehe 'ia mai ka mea hoʻoili, a ua laweʻia kona wahi ma ka IL-4. Huina aupuni i na 1528 kaa DB-3 ohana, i komo i loko o nā ka Pinilana, a me ka Nui Patriotic War.

Ka mua Soviet kaua no hoi i ke hoʻololi Ilyushin. His IL-2 Ua lawe mai kaulana a hiki i keia constructor. I kēia lā i nā kaʻao IL-76 o ka papa koa, amo mokulele o ko mākou'āina, e pono no e hoomau ana i ka hana o kona mau kūpuna.

The Great Patriotic War, i ke kūlana o ka maunakea

Kela manawa, 22 June 1941 huahelu mokulele hoomaka ae la e lawe mai kona mua hakakā poe mikanele. A i ka lua o ka lā o ke kaua (!), A ua kena ae la "ʻana makaikai" ka Nazis bombed e Danzig, Konigsberg, e like me kekahi kulanakauhale ma Poland, a Hungary.

XIX. Machines he: Pe-8, Pi-3, IL-4 a me ka PE-2. Ka iwi kuamoo o ka lōʻihi-huahelu ea kuhikuhi ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna aʻe ua ka IL-4. I nā makahiki a pau o ke kaua ka mea, ua hana na tausani o sorties, pau he mea hiki ole ka helu o ka hana. Ua pono e olelo aku i ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea i loko o ka wā o ka "hanau" he wahi lihi iki o Soviet meʻe. ua loaa ka huina 269 uku a nāu a me nā ilāmuku i kēia kūlana kiʻekiʻe, a me eono ua loaa ia i nā manawaʻelua.

Akā, i ka uku ua kiʻekiʻe: ma hope o ka Apana World War airmen nohoʻaneʻane "ma ka papapa maka ', no ke kahe loa o ka mokulele'auwaʻa. A he hana i ole wale i loko o laupaʻi hua'ōlelo: mai ka 1,800 mokulele, oi a emi ke kālā no, e pono no ka hoʻoponopono nui pilikia o wale ma kahi o ekolu kakini hi koe. Ia mea ke kumu o ka hoʻoholo 'ia i ke kope o ka American B-29, i ke kanaka ma muli o kona hou mokulele.

Mua ma ka makahiki 1947, ka mea i ee? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka Li-4 kaumaha. I ole manawa he nui ka hana nona adapting mokulele ma lalo wahi lulu rula a me armament, me ka poʻe akamai e hoʻokele i me ka nui loa hoʻoikaika i ka pono o na machines i ua hana. I ka 1951, mau mokulele lilo ka mua wahi lulu nā moku halihali mokulele o nukelea mea kaua.

Ke kia-kaua hana

Ma ka hapalua like-1950s, hou huahelu mokulele, hoʻoholo ma mua i ke kūpono 'ana o ka hana no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ka mea, ua i keia manawa? Ac? A loaʻa Komikina'Āina moʻolelo Li-95 "Bear", a no ku nei ma ka hoomalu ana i laina o ko mākou'āina, e like me kekahi'ē aʻe machines.

Penei, ka Li-16, i ka inoa kapakapa "Badger" ua ka mua monoplane me kahiliia mau eheu. Ua akoakoa ka mīkini mua i ka 1953. Kona mau luina o eono a oi kanaka. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mea no ka pakiko-pale lilo nasal akomi pu PU-88 a me ekolu pu turrets, lāʻau remotely. A laila, i ka pelane, ua ehiku AM-23 pu, caliber no i ua 23 millimeters.

"Ili" a me kā lākou mau loa-huahelu maunakea pailota i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ka "ʻEono Day War" o ka makahiki 1967, kokoke e pau i ke koena o ke ¶ʻO'Araba-ʻIseraʻela kaua i ka manawa, a e hoʻokele i komo i loko o ka Afghan kai eʻe.

Li-95, Lūkini "Bear"

Au ho'āʻo keia monumental pelane ma ka makahiki 1952. Kēia a pau-metala sredneplan me ka eha turboprop kiko'ī, i i hoʻouka 'ana i loko o kahiliia mau eheu. Kona "Kahiāuli Ho'ā" o ka pono i ka ia, aʻo nā Hawaii NK-12, a nō koe i ka maikaʻi loa turboprop kiko'ī i loko o kona papa.

Ka mokulele ke lawe aku i ka poe umikumamalua tona pōkā pahū haawe ana. Eia kekahi, ma o ka pōkā pahū kaikūʻono hiki ke kaʻikaʻi hopeʻia he pāʻumi mai i umi tona. I ka makahiki 2010, ka mea, kau hou i ka mooolelo: 43 hola Bombers lele 30,000 kilomika. Ke peculiarity o keia hanana ka pū i ka mea i kona hana hoʻohanaʻike mau? Iecaianoaaiiuo machines. No laila, i ka Lūkini lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea, a hiki turboprop hana no ho he formidable pūʻali koa.

bomber ZM

Kēia mīkini Ua i loko o 1956-1960 makahiki. mokulele hiʻona i ka polokalamu mea kaua'ōnaehana "iwi kuamoo" a ua he kūikawā D-5 Kao lele lako kaua, a hiki, he ku nā meaola a me ka aina-ma muli pale. Kona holo mamao o ua holoʻokoʻa 280 kilomika, a me ka mämä holo i luna o ka māmā holo o ke kani ekolu manawa. It E e kaulana ia mau Kao lele lako kaua i lōʻihi i hanaʻia i ka iwi kuamoo o Kākou mau Air E kauoha akuʻoe i loko o ka Hōʻole akula Hikina.

I kēia lā, ua hoʻomaha loa nei lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea o ka Russian Hui poe ma kekahi mau machines, me Li-95 a me Li-160, akā, i ka "kahiko" ZM. Pololei 'ike e pili ana ina paha he mau a ianoiyuaa a Kekoa o keia ohana, i hiki kiʻi i loko o ka lewa,ʻaʻohe.

Na Hawaii War, a me ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea

Germany ana ua hee o ma hope, i ka poepoe o ka aoao a puni ke ao nei i ua redrawn mai kūikawā. NATO a me ke kuikahi i hana i ka Warsaw Pact'āina, i mai hānai kekahi i kekahi kūikawā aloha. I kēia lā, a me ka moʻolelo koa lakou manaoio i wale i ka hana mana, ma ia manawa, aole ia i hoʻomaka World War III.

He mea känalua 'ia i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ua KUMUMANAʻO NUI maunakea i kekahi o na guarantors o ka maluhia i loko o ke ao nei, e kākoʻo i ke aupuni o nukelea pale kaua hūlili. Up a 1961 ka mokulele i ka loa nui 'ano o ka hoopakele ana nukelea hopeʻia a hiki i ka paha hoa. Ma ke ala, i ke kauoha, e kū ana i ka mokulele ma ke poʻo o ka mea mua Soviet Kao lele lako kaua mahele.

Hoʻololi i ka olelo o ka? Acaeoey o

Ma hope o ke kaua ka mea, ua hoʻomaka iholaʻo ia ia i manawa e neʻe mai kahiko turboprop mokulele i ka mokulele hēkī kiko'ī. I rula, o ka mua mokulele hēkī Il-28ʻIkea maila i loko o ka hopena mamao o 1940. O ka holo ana, ua mokulele i loko o kekahiʻaoʻao o ka Hopu, akā, no hoi i ka manao koi 'ia i ka puu o ka hana.

No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka 1970 (ma luna o ka muli o kŘpa a kahiko Li-22) ka hou Kao lele lako kaua i hana K-22. Eia hou kekahi, he mea'ē aʻe wale nō o keia mokulele. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i machines Li-22M2 a Li-22M3. Ka mea, i wehewehe aku e ka mea i loko o ko lakou manao, a? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka 'ike loea hou a me nā mea i hoʻohana' ia i loko o nui na mea, i loaʻa ka manawa mamua noi wale nō i loko o ka polokalamu makahiki.

Eia hoi ka mea i manawa i ka nani "White Swan", ka Li-160. He lilo kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka holoʻokoʻa Hawaii War. Ka mea, ua ke ao nei ka mua mokulele o keia nui me ka ee iaaanu aey eheu anahonua, ma ka rula o ka i na tausani o ka holomua oaoieei-pāʻoihana i ua hoʻohana, he nui no a puni a hiki i kēia lā. Ke impetus i ke kō o ka pono, e hoʻomōhala i kekahi mea e like keia lilo manao, i hōʻike ma ka hoʻomaka o ka hanaia'na o ka pelane B-1.

Ka mua "White Swan" wehe ae la lakou mai ka Airfield "Ramenskoye". Eia kekahi ma ka hope o Dekemaba 1981. I ka makahiki 1984, i ka Kazan maunakea kanu hoʻomaka 'nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o hanana machines.

I ka hapalua like-2003, i kēia mau mokulele lele ma luna o ka moana Indian, e holo i ka airspace o na aina. A hiki i ka manawa, no ke kaawale ana Lūkini mokulele (Hawaii photo ia mea i loko o ka 'atikala) de ka lōʻihi i hana ma ka rula. Last September, elua Li-160 lele i Venezuela, cementing ka Ally pili aloha ma waena o nā aupuni elua.

me ka wiwo ole mākou ke olelo aku i ka ulu ana o ka Kākou mau Air, e kauoha aku - ka ki i ko kakou aupuni ka statehood a me ka mālama 'ia hoʻi i loko o nā makahiki e hele mai ana.