Arsenic'okesaside: e hoomakaukau ai a me ka waiwai

Ma ia ano he papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaaina hehee ai, e like me arsenic, ia ninoaaeyao he kulana ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia - nonmetal. Ma kā lākou ha awina ia mea ma waena o hydrogen a me ke keleawe ulaula. Ole-mea hao ano hoike aku i ka nui, e hoike ana ia mea hiki ke hana i kekahiʻano o ka'okesaside -3 (lehu ₃ - arsine). I huiʻia me ka maikaʻi'okesaside moku'āina +3 i amphoteric waiwai, a me ke degere o ka +5 hoike konaʻakika waiwai. He aha ka arsenic'okesaside?

Oxides a me hydroxides

ʻO kēia arsenic oxides: E like me ₂ O ₃ a me E like me ₂ O _5. Aia mea no hoi kekahi e like hydroxides:

• Metamyshyakovistayaʻakika HAsO _2.
• Ortomyshyakovistayaʻakika H ₃ AsO _3.
• Metamyshyakovayaʻakika HAsO _3.
• Ortomyshyakovayaʻakika H ₃ AsO _4.
• Piromyshyakovayaʻakika H ₂ E like me ₄ O _7.

He aha ka arsenic trioxide?

Arsenic'okesaside ano mau o ka i like me ₂ O ₃ i ka inoa trioxide. Keia waiwai, i ua pinepine hoʻohana no ka lapaʻau, akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole he noho malie hoi Nine Inch. Kēia'okanikaʻole i huiia i mea he nui kahi organoarsenicheskih i huiʻia (i huiʻia me carbon hoopaa c) a me na mea e ae. He nui hoʻohana E like me ₂ O ₃ i controversial no ka mea, o ka meaʻawahia ano o ka hehee ai. ʻIliahi ka inoa o keia hui o Trisenox.

General 'ike e pili ana i trioxide

Ke Nine Inch haʻilula o arsenic trioxide i ka kēia palapala E like me ₂ O _3. Ke hakakino kaumaha o ka hui, he 197,841 g. / Mol. He nui aoao e loaaʻi keia'okesaside. Kekahi o ia mea i ka pūlehu lākou i ka sulphide i eliia. Ke Nine Inch naoh Ua like penei:

2As ₂ O ₃ + 9O ₂ → 2As ₂ O ₃ + 6SO ₂

Ka hapa nui o na oxides hiki ke loaa me he he hopena ia o ka aaioee o'ē aʻe i eliia. Arsenopyrite mea he like huikala i loko o ke gula, a me ke keleawe, a me ka mea, ke hookuu aku oia arsenic trioxide, ka wā enaena, ma ke alo o ka lewa. Kēia hiki alakai i ka mea kaʻapu kōheoheo.

Ka 'ole o ka arsenic trioxide

Arsenic trioxide i ka haʻilula E like me ₄ O ₆ i loko o ka wai a me ka kinoea kūlana (ma lalo 800 ° C). Ma kēia kūlana, ia mea isostructural me ka fosforovym trioxide (P ₄ O _6). Eia naʻe, ma ke anawela ma luna 800 ° C E like me ₄ O ₆ collapses i hakakino E like me ₂ O _3. Ma keia pae ia mea isostructural me diizotrona trioxide (N ₂ O _3). I kona paa ana, keia hui hōʻike polymorph hiki (hana e nei i loko o elua a oi i kālā o ke aniani 'ole).

Waiwai o arsenic trioxide

Kekahi o na kumu o ka waiwai o ka arsenic trioxide e like penei:

• trioxide pāʻoihana kuahene nawaliwaliʻakika me ka wai. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ka amphoteric hui mea he antimony'okesaside.
• He wailana i loko o kona'ākilikai pāʻoihana a me ka haawi arsenate.
• arsenic trioxide i ke kiʻekiʻe solubility ma hydrochloricʻakika (HCl), a me ka hope hoakaka i ke kiaʻana i kāna arsenic trichloride a me kaʻakika.
• Ua hāʻawi mai pentoxide (E like me ₂ O ₅₎ i loko o ke alo o oxidants ikaika e like me hydrogen peroxide,'okikene kolu a me ka nitricʻakika.
• He mea aneane insoluble i loko o ke aloha nā'uheheʻe.
• Ua nana e like me ka keʻokeʻo paa i kino ai ke ano.
• Ua loaʻa i ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o 312,2 ° C, a me ka baila aʻela i wahi o ka 465 ° C.
• I ka pa apŘ o keia mea, he 4,15 g. / Knm ^3.

Ka hoʻohana a arsenic trioxide ma ka lapaau

Kēia Nine Inch He He papa o antineoplastic hope, a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi' aʻai. Arsenic kaʻawahia ua maopopo loa. Eia naʻe, arsenic trioxide mea he chemotherapy lāʻau hoʻohana e hana i kekahi mauʻano o ka maʻi 'aʻai no na makahiki. Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana hoʻohana no keia hana ua kapaia pāʻoihana Fowler. I ka 1878 godu Boston City Haukapila hōʻike i kēia pāʻoihana i e mana i ka hoemi i ka helu ana o leukocytes i loko o kānaka.

E like me ka hopena ₂ O ₃ Uaʻano nui ia no ka iapaau ana o ka leukemia, e like me ka lōʻihi a ka mea ua auou caiaiai radiotherapy. Akā, ma hope o ka 1930s, ia i nā hoopaa iho kona hiʻona i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka leukemia, like loa me ka mea, ua he laekahi chemotherapy. Kēia arsenic'okesaside ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea maikaʻi ano o ka hana maikaʻiʻole o ka maʻi myelogenous leukemia. A hiki i keia la keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia e hana i kekahiʻano o ka huʻi promyelocytic leukemia me ka pomaikai ole oe retinoid a anthracycline chemotherapy. Ua ua i hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana maʻi myeloid leukemia, mau myeloma, huʻi myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, Ka maʻi' aʻai o ka lymphatic nenoaiu.

E ho ohana i trioxide

Arsenic trioxide ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o colorless aniani. Kēia hui i kekahi pono ma ka uilaʻoe, e kūkulu semiconductors a me kekahi oka a pau. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o pena. Arsenic trioxide paha e mana ana ma ka iapaau ana o ka lolo hikoko.

I ka hala, ua hoʻohana 'ia kēia waiwai i loko o dentistry, akā, no ka mea, o ka lahuiʻawahia i huiia, ka hoʻohana' ana i ke kālā no dentistry ua, ua hele aku. Arsenic'okesaside (E like me ₂ O haʻilula ₃₎ i hoʻohana ua like me ka preservative no ka wahie, akā, na mea i banned ma na wahi he nui o ko ke ao nei. Ma ka hui pu ana me ka arsenic trioxide keleawe'ākeka haawi i ke kukui omaomao pigment.

mahaloʻawahia waiwai

Trioxide iho i ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o kaʻawahia. Nolaila, e pono mau lawe i ka mea e pono ai nā mea hoʻomakaʻala mua oe i hana ia. Ua hiki e weliweli loa i loko o ke kēia hihia.

• Palaoa. Inā E like me ₂ O _3, accidentally loaʻa i loko o ka digestive'āpana, oe e ike koke nīnau aku i ke kauka. Ua UaʻAʻole pono e ho'āʻo i ka induce ka luaʻi mua imi 'inikua kōkua. He mea pono ke wehe i kekahi pilipaa lole, lawe ae la i kona Hawai i, holoku wale i ka pūliki koa, kāʻei, a no laila, ma luna o. D.
• Leka i ka ili. I Ina o ka hui 'ana me kekahi ili o ke kino e koke holoi i ka hoʻohuli ai i nā' āpana me ka nui o ka wai. pono e wehe koke, ua hoʻohaumiaʻia kapa a me ke kamaa ole, a ka mea e e holoi mua hoʻohana hou. I Ina o loa ili E leka pepa, oe e ike koke imi 'inikua kōkua. Ua hiki e pono no ka disinfecting holoi ana o ka iho mailoko wahi me ke kopa a me ka antibacterial holika palapala noi.
• Makaʻana. Inā E like me ₂ O ₃ hele mai i loko o hui 'ana me nā maka, ka mea mua loa e hana nei, e wehe i kekahi hui' nā aniani kaulona a me ka maka holoi me ka wai no 15 mau minuke. ? Aeiiaiaiaaia e hoʻohana wai huihui. Ia laua a hiki i keia, ua kekahi, e kahea aku i ka ambulance.
• Inhalation. People ka poe i ana i ke kinoea, e hoonohoia i loko o ka henua 'ē aʻe me ka hou lewa. No hoi, oe e ike koke imi 'inikua kōkua. Inā pilikia ha, oxygen pono e koke lawelawe. Inā ka luahi mea e hiki ke hanu ma luna o lākou iho, e pono e haawiʻimi hoʻopunipuni ka hanu.
• Kēia hui e i kaʻawahia hopena ma luna o kānaka. I Ina o ka 'ai, inu o excessive dala o ka arsenic trioxide, ka mea e hiki ke alakai i ka make. Palekana makaaniani a me Loan E manawa e hoʻohana hana me E like me ₂ O _{3 wā.} Hana E mau e lawe mai i loko o ka luawai-ventilated wahi.

ʻaoʻao waiwai

Commonʻaoʻao waiwai o keia waiwai nā symptoms e like me:

• ilihune ikaika loa ka makemake;
• ka luaʻi;
• nausea;
• abdominal eha;
• constipation;
• headache;
• luhi;
• pōniuniu;
• kuni;
• ha pilikia;
• kiʻekiʻe nui o leukocytes;
• kiʻekiʻe koko kōpaʻa;
• ili wikiwiki.

Emi mai, he pono oleʻaoʻao 'ole nā:

• maloo waha;
• kue hanu;
• umauma eha;
• haʻahaʻa pae o leucocytes;
• Muscle a me ka iwi eha;
• haanou ana o ka maka, a me ka maka;
• diarrhea;
• tremor;
• haahaa koko kōpaʻa;
• Low oxygen ma ka 'ilikai ai i loko o ke koko.

Pohihihiʻaoʻao waiwai o E like me ₂ O _3:

• ole Kal (a hiki a hiki e alakai i ka make);
• kaumaha ka uku;
• maʻule hou ihola nō;
• lede-ākea;
• coma;
• pehu'ōpū;
• uhi ana i ka ili.

Life-hooweliweli symptoms o ka waiū i arsenic trioxide - he kaupaona ka waiwai, ke kuni, pilikia hanu, pokole o ka hanu, umaumaʻeha, cough.

Arsenic trioxide mea he nuiʻawahia waiwai, a hiki i alakai i ke poho o ke ola. Aka hoi, ka mea, i ia e pono keia mau mea i loko o ka 'inikua kula. He maikaʻi inā e mau lawe kaiapuni.

Nine Inch reactions

Arsenic trioxide mea he amphoteric kiekie oxides o arsenic a me kona koʻana koko pāʻoihana i weaklyʻakika. Penei, ka mea i hooholo koke wailana i loko o kona'ākilikai pāʻoihana e loaaʻi arsenates. He emi wailana i loko o nāʻakika, ke hydrochloric.

Wale me oxidants ikaika e like me'okikene kolu, hydrogen peroxide a me nitricʻakika, ka mea, ua hana mai o arsenic penta-'okesaside me ka nui o kaʻakika o 5 E like me ₂ O _5. E pili ana i'okesaside ia'ku, arsenic trioxide ÿokoÿa mai phosphorus trioxide, i ua hikiwawe i puhi aku i ka phosphorus pentoxide. Ka ho'ēmiʻana haawi elemental arsenic ole arsine (lehu _3).

arsenic pentoxide

Nine haʻilula pentoxide mea like me ₂ O _5. Kona molar nuipa o 229.8402 g. / Mol. He He keʻokeʻo hygroscopic ka pauka me ka pa apŘ o 4,32 g. / Knm ^3. Heheʻe wahi kīnā 315 ° C, i i ka mea, hoʻomaka e decompose. Ka waiwai i ka maikai solubility i loko o ka wai a me ka waiʻona. Arsenic'okesaside waiwai e ka mea i alohaʻawahia a me ka pilikia no ke kaiapuni. Kēia'okanikaʻole i huiia i mea i emi ole, hoomaikaiʻawahia, a no ia mea, loaa kaupalena wale kalepa noi, e like me ka mea kiekie oia ka arsenic'okesaside (E like me ₂ O haʻilula _3).

Arsenic ua ike kuhikuhi like me ka make a me ka carcinogen. Kona trioxide - he wai-wailana he lepo lā, a produces he colorless, tasteless a me ka odorless pāʻoihana. Ua ua he kaulana iaoia o ka pepehi ana i loko o ka Middle Ages. Kona hoʻohanaʻana i kēia lā, akā, no ka maluhia hana, a me ka poe liilii, mea.