He aha ka ka valence o ka o oxygen i hui?

I mea e ho oholo i ka hiki nā loina valence oxygen ma ke kahua o ka hehee ai i loko o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papa, i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka 'ole o kona nā'ātoma e hoʻokolokolo ai. Kēia kokoke loa i kahi mea pono ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka ninau o mea ka valence o ka o oxygen ma typical a me ka mea mea ole typical no ia ia. Ka loa, he pono ole i huiʻia ho'āʻo maʻamau valency - II. Kēia hiʻona apono 'oe, e hoakaka i ka helu o ka paa ana o kekahi'Ātoma i loko o ka hoʻopau' ana i aeaie nā papakuhikuhi pili i ka oxygen.

He aha ka ka valence o ka o oxygen ma?

Ma ka loiloi mua kahua o ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka ike ana o ka waiwai a me ka 'ole o ka' ona chemists manaʻo i ka valence - ka hiki, e hoopaa i kekahi helu o nā'ātoma i loko o ka lātoma o ka waiwai. Ua ho'āʻo nui nā kānakaʻepekema ma hope o ka loaʻa o ka hehee ai, e maopopo i ka valence o ka oxygen i loko. Hoʻonohonoho Ua loaa ma ka hoʻokolohua: oxygen ma attaches mau monovalent hydrogen'Ātoma i loko o ka Nine Inch naoh, ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi divalent. Ia e hoohalike ai no e lauwili Nine Inch hoopaa me ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka ike e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka waiwai. Ma kona pähola 'ana o ka valence o H. Lewis a me W. Kossel hōʻike i ke' ano o ka Nine Inch AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka lolouila 'ole wahi o ka Hawaii. Noiʻi wehewehe i ka'Ātoma ka hana, e hana i kekahi helu o ka pili 'o Randy hooikaika no ka loa paa ikehu moku'āina. I ka hihia o ka hoʻokō 'ana i ka uuku huna o ka waiwai i oi hale lio. I kumumanaʻo a Lewis hale i ou wahi lihi iki o ka noonoo ana i uku ai i ke kūlana o ka mawaho electrons komo i loko o ka hoʻokumu o ka Nine Inch hoopaa.

Waiwai o ka o oxygen hoʻokomo 'ana ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina

I mea e hooholo i i ka valence o ka oxygen, ia mea pono e noonoo i kekahi mau hiʻona o kona uila 'ole. Oxygen ma poʻo pūʻulu 16 o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina. Na na inoa o ka 'ohana - "chalcogens" o OOAOAaXUEIE Mea Maluna ka mea, e pili ana i VI (A) pae. Ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina o ke o oxygen mea i loko o ka halepaahao ma lalo o №8. Ke nucleus kekahi i loko o kona haku mele 'ana 8 a me ka hookahi helu o ka maikaʻi'ākilikai nā kula haʻahaʻaa (particles). I ka makahiki o ka'Ātoma, ma laila nō nā pae ikehu i ka hana ia electrons 8, 6 o ka a - ka mawaho.

He aha pili ole ma waena o ka haku mele 'ana o ka'Ātoma, a me ka valence?

Ma ka hope kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen ma'Ātoma he mau unpaired electrons. Ke hehee ai fluorine Ua emi iki mahope o ia i ka waiwai o ka electronegativity (hiki ia,ʻo ka ponaʻana electrons paʻa). Ma ke kahua o ka hui a me nā kumu mua o oxygen,ʻo kaua kipi i loko o ka lātoma ka huina huina'ine nuʻa (koe wale fluorine electrons). A hiki i ka napoo ana o ka mea mawaho iwi paha me ka hou o ka mau io 'āhewa' ana. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ua koi' ia i oxygen 2 electrons. Hiki kēia mau koho:ʻae i kekahi huina'ine (valence II), aku, mai ka 'ē aʻe'Ātoma 2 electrons (valence II), eʻae electrons mai nā nā'ātoma (0 valence). Typical o oxygen hana characterizes i ka lua o ka hihia. Ua ala 'oe ke hoʻohana i loaʻa mai i ka valence o o oxygen i loko o ka loa typical i loko o kona, he pono ole i huiʻia. Kēia loaʻa i ka hapanui o nā oxides o ke hooheheeia, a nonmetals.

Pehea e holo ai i ka valence i hui?

Ka oxygen mea hiki ke pāʻani 'ana me ka nui o ka Nine Inch hehee wale. Kinohi mai ua ikeia kona i huiʻia me ka kokoke a pau ka poeikohoia o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina (koe wale no ka mea inert kinoea argon, helium, Neon). Ke naoh me halogens a me ka hanohano i eliiaʻi, oxygen hiki ole ke komo 'ana, akā, oxides Au ₂ O _3, F ₂ O, Cl ₂ O ₇ a me kekahi poe e ae paha i kahi (kahiko o ka'āina loaa). No ka aeaie i huiʻia ma ke kahua o ka o oxygen i lawe hapa, wehewehe aku ma ka covalent mea paa a me ka polarity. Valency i loko o ia nā lātoma hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka helu ana o kekahi huina'ine hui, a i o Laielohelohe i ka nucleus o okoa nā'ātoma. I ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o na hui o ka oxygen ma nā'ātoma e hoʻomau ana ma ka hanaiia'na mai o nā covalent paa. No ka laʻana, i loko o nā oxides o CO _2, P ₂ O _5, ¶ I _2, ¶ I _3, K ₂ O, B ₂ O _3, Mo ₂ O _5, a me ka 'ē aʻe nā lātoma. Ke hydronium cation H ₃ O + oxygen ma ho'āʻoʻia atypical no ia valency III. Ke alo o peroxo -OO- kena hana ano o ka hydrogen peroxide H ₂ O _2. Kēia hui hōʻike i ke ano o oxygen mea valence II.

Pehea e hooholo i ka valence o na kumu mua?

I ka manaʻo o ka valence ka oxygen, oia nā papaha Lewis 'ole - Nine Inch hōʻailona hehee ai puni i electrons kiko huina hoailona i ka pā, ahu iho. Lakou lawe ana ma o ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā lātoma i mau hapa o ka mea i kaʻana like huina'ine hui hapa. Haʻilula Lewis hōʻike oxygen ma valency e like me ka helu o kona unpaired electrons (2). Na ia mau hopena i loaa mai ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i lolouila kiʻi hale. Na mau keena o ka mea mawaho i oxygen kaʻilikai ke aupuni 'unpaired electrons (hōʻikeʻia e nā pua ma ka haʻilula). No ka 'ike e pili ana i mea i ka valence o ka o oxygen i loko, i hiki i ka haʻilula hope no ka waiwai o ka aeaie huina lakou o ke kokoke nā'ātoma. E hana i kēia, e lawe mai na mea helu. Ua mua hoonuiia e ka helu o O nā'ātoma i ka maʻamau ana no i ka ka oxygen valence. Ke kūpono waiwai mea e e puunaueia e ka 'inideka like i hoakaka ia ma ka haʻilula me ka Nine Inch hōʻailona kokoke kekahi hehee ai i ka hoʻohuiʻia me ka oxygen. Me he mea iaoia mākou e huli i ka kalapona a me ka phosphorus ma ka valency lākou mau oxides.

1. Hoonui i ka 'inideka ma ka lalo pono o ka hōʻailona O dioxide i loko o typical CO ₂ valency hehee ai 2 • 2 = 4. Na kūpono helu e puunaue inideka i hoakaka ia no ka kalapona: 4/1 = 4. ke o carbon dioxide CO ₂ mea i loko o kona kiekie valence moku'āina IV .
2. Index lalo pono o ka Nine Inch oxygen ma hōʻailona ma ka phosphorus'okesaside P ₂ O ₅ hoonui i ka typical valence'Ātoma O 5 • 2 = 10. kēia helu puunaue ma ka la haʻilula i loko o ka 'inideka ma ka lalo pono o ka phosphorus nā'ātoma: 10/2 = 5. Ka phosphorus'okesaside he ma valence kona kiekie loa V.