Asia-Pacific: market ulu ana, ke alu like

Pacific i ka nui loa makeke i loko o ke ao nei, a me kona Loaʻaʻia ka lōʻihi mai ka hooweliweli. A, e like me Time] o ka mua akamai i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ke kaʻana like 'ana o kēia māhele' āina i loko o ke ao nei market, e wale? Anoe. E iā mākou i loko o nui au mamuli mea o ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele 'āina. Kaawale noho ma luna o ka ka manaʻolana 'ia a me kēla o kona ulu ana.

Ka mokuna o ka māhele 'āina

Mua o nā mea a pau, huli mai ka mea i ka Asia-Pacific māhele 'āina i loko o ia kenekoa hua'ōlelo. Mea maʻa mau,'āina i i komo i loko o kēia māhele 'āina i manaoia e ia i ka moku'āina, Aia ma luna o nā kahakai o ka Moana Pākīpika, like hoʻi me Mongolia a me Laos.

Ka holoʻokoʻa Asia-Pacific māhele hiki ke maheleia i 4 apana, a hoʻopili like i ka māhele o ke ao nei, ma ka Huipuia, a pau ia ia: no ka North American, South American, hawaiian ina a me. Eia hou, i ka hawaiian māhele ua maheleia i mau iiaciiie-wahi: ia North Asia a me ka Hikina Hema Asia.

Ma ka 'Amelika' Ākau māhele ka loaʻa o ka i kēia'āina: Canada, USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Kosta Pica, Panama.

Ma kaʻaoʻao hema Amelika māhele o ka moku'āina i: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru a me Chile.

Ke North hawaiian subregion nā'āina: China (China), Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Repubalika o Korea, ka Lepupalika o Kina (Taiwan), Rusia. Ke Asia-Pacific māhele 'āina, ka mea, o keia pae kūlana' ka nui wahi, a i ka huina o ka lani kiekie loa heluna.

Ma ka subdistrict o South-Hikina Asia nā ka i kēia'āina: Cambodia, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Laos, Brunei, Thailand. Ua nui na poe akamai i 'aneʻi nā ka Myanmar, a Nepal. Eia hou kekahi, ma kekahi hihia, India kekahi lawelawe 'ana me ka lālā aupuni i loko o ka Asia-Pacific māhele' āina, akā, e manao ana i ka hihia o ka hoʻi o India i loko o ka'āina ma ka poe akamai i mea nō loa ai pohihihi keia, a me ka aina mai i komo i ka moana Pakifika,ʻaʻole mākou e noʻonoʻo ia i loko o like me ka kumuhana o ka Apr.

Ka Oceanic māhele'āina ka loaʻa o ka helu o Oceania Huipuia, ka hapanui o ka i nā loa uuku. Mawaena o ka nui'āina, nā ma ia kenekoa a? Aneiai hua'ōlelo, E e anao? Aou ia Australia, New Zealand a me Papua keia wahi - New Guinea. Liʻiliʻi Hawaii: Fiji, Solomon Islands, Palau, Nauru, Hui o Micronesia, Vanuatu, ke Marshall Islands, Tuvalu, Kiribati, Cook Islands, Tonga, Samoa. I hookomoia e na mea he nui e kaukaʻi nā panalāʻau e, e like me Guam, Tokelau, French Polynesia, a me na mea e ae.

Mōʻaukala o ka māhele 'āina

E maopopo hou kaʻoi loa ka mea o ka Pacific māhele 'āina, ia mea pono e delve i loko o kona mōʻaukala.

Ke kahiko moku'āina ho okumu ia ma ka māhele 'āina hiki ke noʻonoʻo China. He deservedly manaoia kekahi o na cradles o ka noho ma luna o ka honua nei. Ka mua moku'āina me ka ho okumu ma laila kekahi hou i loko o ka III Ka Wā Kaukani BC. e ka. Kēia i ka moku'āina kahiko o Kina (Asia Pacific), e like me koʻAigupita a me Mesopotamia - ka maikai loa kahiko o ka Middle East.

Ma hope, he mau Hawaii ma ka Hikina Hema Asia (o ka nui o ia mau mea - i ke aupuni a pau Khmer aupuni a pau), ma Iapana a me Korea. China i ka'āina i loko o i successively koho 'ē aʻe likeʻole aupuni a pau, a me ka nohona a me ka yeiiiie mawaena konu o ka aina. A hiki ma hope o ka ho okumu ana o ka nui Eulńsia aupuni a pau o ka Mongols i loko o ka XIII kenekulia, hui i ka aina o ka'āinapuniʻole mai Rusia a hiki i ka moana Pakifika (ma ka mea, o ka komohana hapa o ke kālā no ATR), kona papa kuhikuhiE kapikala o Genghis Khan i Khanbalik (e Beijing), a ua aoia i ka Pākē mooolelo a me ka moʻomeheu.

Rusia mua i hele ai i ka Pacific kai i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. No laila, i ka pono o ka moku'āina i inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka māhele 'āina. Kela manawa, Nerchinsk kuikahi i kakau inoa ia ma 1689 - ka mua kūhelu palapala ma waena o Rusia a me Kina, a ua hōʻikeʻia ka hoʻokae o cii o ka ole o kēia mau'āina i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Over ka hahai kenekulia, ka Russian aupuni a hoʻonuiʻia aku poepoe o ka ole ma ka Hōʻole akula Hikina, e leie aku oe, e hea aku i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Lūkini Hui unconditional hapa o ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele 'āina.

Public ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka komohana mokuna o ka'āinapuniʻole Amerika, a, paradoxically, o ka hikina hapa o ka Asia-Pacific māhele 'āina, uaʻikeʻia aku ka nui ma mua o ma Asia ma hope. Peruvian hoʻonaʻauao "aupuni" o Cusco, mai i loko o ka XV kenekulia ua i ke kaulana Imperiya Inkov, e pili ana i 1197 BC. Aztec aupuni a pau i loko o Mexico hana i hope.

Akā, kekahi mau wahi o ka nui aina, e ike i ka Apr no ka manawa, a mākou i haiia ae maluna, ua hoopuehuia lakou, a me ka poʻe e noho lā ma ke komohana o ka Moana Pākīpika i i ike i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka poʻe e noho lā ma ka hikina kahakai, a me ka hope versa. Ma ka hookahi pa alima o ka Asia-Pacific māhele 'āina i nā hoomaka ae la e huli wale nō ma hope o ka nui Leeuwerikplein discoveries XV-XVII kenekulia. A ia Columbus loaa Amerika, a ua hele Magellan a puni ka honua. O ka holo ana, i ka hoʻohui 'ia o ka hoʻokele waiwai i loko o ke kakahiaka nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao uaʻano kali iki mai, akā, aka ia i loko o ka XVI kenekulia, ke Pilipino i komo i loko o ka Sepania Viceroyalty o New Spain me kona konu ma Mexico.

I ka 1846, ma hope o ka hoolilo ana o ka United Kingdom Oregon, Pacific aupuni ua lilo kekahi o ka wikiwiki ulu Huipuia, o ia manawa - ka United States. Ma hope iho o ka hoʻohui'āina o Kaleponi, United States ka laula, wehe mai i ka moana Pakifika, a koke lilo ka mana alakai i loko o ka'āina i loko o nā makahiki, pili me ka hoohuoi ana kona hoʻokele waiwai a me nā wahi kanaka. Ka mea, ua ma hope o ke anoe ana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a hiki i ke komohana ma ka XIX kenekulia, hoomaka ae la ka Pacific māhele 'āina, e loaʻa nā hiʻona o oicyenoaaiiie ke kuʻikahi.

Akā, oi a emi kokoke i ka laekahi kālai'āina-yeiiiie? Aneiai kinona o ka Asia-Pākīpika loaa ma hope o ka koloniala paku o ka XIX kenekulia, elua ao na kaua, a me nā kaʻina hana o ka decolonization wale. I World War II, ke aupuni a pau o Japan, ma muli ia oia i kuikahi me Nazi Kelemānia, ho'āʻo ma ka oihana koa ikaika e hōʻoia i ka Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o ka'āina, akā, ua hee o ma ka Ally koa.

modernity

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, e like me ke koena o ko ke ao nei, Asia-Pacific'āina ua maoli puunaueia i loko o nā kālai'āina mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi: ka Socialist kumu hoʻohālike o? Acaeoey a me ka capitalist. Ma ka mea mua e hoʻomoana ai, i ka luna o ka Soviet Union, a China (nae ka mea no hoi i ideological pāonioni paʻa ma waena o nā aupuniʻelua), i loko o ka lua, Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka 'Amelika. he Canada, Australia, Japan a me ka US I hou, o ka loa hoʻokele waiwai ulu'āina o ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele o ka capitalist e hoʻomoana ai. Ma hope o ka manawa, ua lilo i akaka ia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui hewa, ua hoʻokumu ka capitalist (komohana) kumu hoʻohālike o ka papa hana wale me ka holomua.

ʻO ka mea i luku mai ai ma hope o ka Apana World War, Japan ua wae mai i ka Western kükohu o? Acaeoey, a me ke kōkua o ke Amerika Huipuia, ma o ka kŘpa a pōkole kīkoʻo kona o ka manawa ua lilo kekahi o ka loa hoʻokele waiwai e hoʻomōhala ana i aina,ʻaʻole wale i ka māhele 'āina akā, i ke ao nei ma nui. O kŰia ua, ua kapaia "ka Kepani aneiai mana." Ma ka hopena o 80-ies o ka hoʻokele waiwai o keia aina a hiki hooweliweli, e hele mai ma luna i loko o ke ao nei me ka olelo o GDP, akā, i ole e hiki mai i kēia manawa i ka waiwai hoʻoponopono ulia.

Eia hou, mai ka 60-ies o XX kenekulia, loa ikaika aneiai hana hōʻike "Lau hawaiian Tigers." No laila, ua kapa aku na kēia mau'āina: ka Lepupalika o Korea (South Korea), Kēkēmapa, Taiwan a me Hong Kong. Lākou nui o ka? Acaeoey mea e oi aku ma mua o ka nui o WesternʻEulopa aina kekahi. Good ulu holo 'awelika i hoike mai i ka Pilipino a me Thailand. Akā, i loko o ka Socialist'āina, ma ka nui, Vietnam, Mongolia, Laos, Cambodia a me ka hoʻokele waiwai 'North Korea i ka ulu nui loa.

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union i ka makahiki 1991, i ka pili aupuni kahua i loko o ka māhele 'āina i hoʻololi dramatically. Mai Socialist hoʻokele waiwai maemae hōʻole e like'āina e like me Kina, a, nae, o like me ka hope ia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e lilo kekahi o na luna o ko ke ao nei hoʻokele waiwai. Oia loli, naʻe, i ole ai holomua, a he kekahi'ē aʻe Socialist'āina i ka poʻe i komo i loko o ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele 'āina. Policy i ua pahu i loko o ke kāʻei kua ma Vietnam. Aia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka hana mau noho alii ana o Marxist ideology, e like me ia ma Kina, e na oihana mua o ke-market i hoʻolauna. Cambodia ma ka pūkaua hōʻole i Socialist ao.

Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka USSR, Rusia Ua lilo kona alakai kulana i loko o ka'āina, nā ma ka waiwai, a me ka pili mau hua'ōlelo, akā, mai ke kumu mai o ka makahiki 2000, ae hōʻike ana i ka waiwai ulu nui, pili kēia nele e hoʻi i ka nalowale.

Nui hopena ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka aina, kena ae la ia e ka hawaiian kālā ulia o 1997-1998 makahiki. "Lau MaiLan Tigers" Ua ae aku loa. Ka ulia dramatically ku ana i ko lakou ulu ana. A puupuu ikaika i kekahi hana i ka hoʻokele waiwai Japanese. Ua Ua Ua lilo kekahi o na kumu o ka paʻamau ma Rusia keia ulia mai 1998. He nui no ka papa pilikia o ka Asia-Pacific māhele 'āina i kêia kanaka i loko o kēia mau ulia hanana.

hoʻokele waiwai China i ka ua i ka Mesia, akā, ma ka like ana me na luna i oleloia'āina,ʻaʻole no ka nui i koke ae ai i ka hoʻomau 'ulu hou hikiwawe loa. I ka 2014, hoʻokele waiwai China ka Ua neʻe i mua wahi i loko o ke ao nei, ma mua o ka US GDP a me ke kūʻaiʻana mana parity. Ka luna ma luna o kēia anakahi China mea no loko o ka makana, eia nae no laila, hiki nō emi iki mahope o ke US palena iki GDP. A he, manawa huahana mai China Kīwala'ō i ka Asia-Pacific market,ʻano nui no o ko lākou kŘpa a haʻahaʻa kāki.

Ke global aneiai ulia o ka 2008 i ka makahiki no hoi i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka aina, akā,ʻaʻole like detrimental like me ka hawaiian ulia o 1997. Pela, ke Asia-Pacific māhele mea ma kahi loihi kekahi o ka loa mana? Aneiai wahi i loko o ke ao nei, ma ka hikina kapakai o America a me WesternʻEulopa.

Ke aupuni o ka poe kapena

Next mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ke ano o ke aupuni ua a ianoiyuaa a Kīwala'ō i loko o kēia'āina, a me ka waiwai ka mea, o ka mea hana.

Ka mea i ka Asia-Pacific māhele o ke alakaʻi i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai global, e hoikeike ai ma ka mea e ponoʻekolu nō'āina o ka māhele (ka US, Kina a me lapana) i mua wahi i loko o ke ao nei ma ka palena iki GDP. GDP (PPP) luna, Kina a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ekolu wahi e hele ai a hiki i Inia, a kekahi poe akamai i pili i ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele 'āina. Ka luna he umi no keia anakahi nā'āina e like me Japan, Rusia a me Indonesia.

Ka loa populous aupuni i loko o ke ao nei, oia no hoi kekahi o Asia-Pacific'āina - China. I ka lā, ua oi ka helu o ka heluna kanaka o ka aina i ka hoailona o 1,3 ieeeea kanaka. Ka luna heʻumi nō hoʻi ka loaʻa o ka'āina i loko o ka'āina, i ka US, Indonesia. Rusia a me Japan.

Ma ka Asia-Pacific māhele 'āina i eha nui mau mea o ke aupuni o ka honua: Rusia, Canada, Kina a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Eia hou, i ka luna he umi'āina nā Australia (6th wahi).

Asia-Pacific māhele like hapa o ka global kuai

Inā ka totality o na nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai o nā'āina i loko o ka Asia-Pacific māhele mākou noonoo, ua hiki ke olelo me ka wiwo ole i ka māhele o ka honua i ka nui loa market, a, i ka wa e noonoo i na nā hoailona o nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai o ka'āina e like me ka US, Kina a me Rusia, i ka Europa kuai ma keia kahua e hiki ole paʻi. Mamua o 'Eulopa, no Asia-Pacific māhele' āina i ka Hopu ia i. Poe akamai i wńnana i ka i oi nui lag nohona ma hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ka eu a me Europa, aina'ē aʻe mai o ka hoʻokele waiwai Asia-Pākīpika i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Ano, ma ke kuai ana o ka Asia-Pacific māhele ka kiʻekiʻe koi no huahana, i ka hana o ka a ka hope lolouila loea i hoʻohana.

Laulima a me ka hoʻohui '

Interstate ke alu like Asia-Pacific māhele Radio he 'ano nui kūlana ma ka ōhumu o pili aloha ma waena o nā'āina. Hoʻohui 'ma waena o kaʻokoʻa aina o ka aina i hoike ma ka hanaiia'na mai o kela oicyenoaaiiie, a mau ahahui.

Ka loa nui o kēia mau mea: ka kālai'āina yeiiiie? Aneiai ASEAN Organization (Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Kēkēmapa, Myanmar), Shanghai ke alu like Organization (Rusia, China, India, Pakistan a me kekahi mau Central hawaiian Moscow), Asia -Pacific alu like 'ana (APEC) (21'āina i loko o ka'āina, a me ka US, Kina a me Rusia).

Eia hou, ma laila nō i ka helu o ka liʻiliʻi a papa hana i, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka luna inoa, mai uhi i mau mea a oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe o na Huipuia, a specialize ma kekahi nāʻoihana. No ka laʻana, ka mea hawaiian Development Bank specializes ma kālā kaiaulu hope.

Ka nui loa aneiai oaio?

Ka nui loa kūlanakauhale, ka manaʻo politika a me ka waiwai waena i loko o ka māhele 'āina nā Los Angeles, San Francisco (USA), Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing (China), Taipei (Taiwan), Tokyo (Japan), Seoul (South Korea), Jakarta (Indonesia ), Sydney, Melbourne (Australia), Kēkēmapa.

I kekahi manawa, mawaena o na-oaio? A, a kapa aku la i ke kulanakauhale o Moscow. ʻOiai ka mea, ua aia aku mai o ka moana Pakifika, akā, nonetheless o ke kapikala a me ka nui loa metropolis geographically ka nui Pacific mana - Rusia.

Ke kūlana o Rusia ma ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele 'āina

Rusia ka nui i ka Asia-Pacific alu like 'ana ka pilikia e overestimate. Ka mea, o kekahi o na luna o ka SCO hui, a i nā China, i mea kekahi o ka mea nui loa hoʻohui 'hana i loko o ka māhele' āina. Nō hoʻi, i ka Lūkini Hui - i ka nui loa aupuni i loko o ka nui, mai ka poe mea i komo i loko o ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele 'āina. Rusia kekahi i ka hanohano i waena o ka umi nui loa honua nā noʻeau hoʻokele waiwai i loko o hua'ōlelo o GDP, a hoi Pono nń kona nui i loko o ka māhele 'āina.

ʻO kahi momona a manaolana i ka Lūkini aupuni auhau ia lakou i ma luna o ke anoe o ke alu like 'ana me nā wahi o ka alihi kaua - China.

ulu Time]

Hou kūpono 'ana o ke Asia-Pacific māhele hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui hoʻokele waiwai, a mau aʻe. I ka Ia manawa, ia mea, ua hiki ke olelo, ano, i ka aina i lilo i kekahi o nā luna i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai ao holoʻokoʻa. A i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ka mea manao e hoʻoneʻe i ke ao nei ka aneiai oaio? Ia o Western 'Eulopa, a me ka US East Coast o ka mokuna o ka Asia-Pākīpika māhele' āina.

I ka 2030, o ka huina GDP ua manaoia e mahuahua ma ka 70% ma ka māhele 'āina.

Ke kumukuai o ka māhele 'āina

Asia-Pacific mea kekahi o ekolu nui oicyenoaaiiie wahi o ke ao nei, a me ka hikina 'Amelika a me Western' Eulopa. Akā, e like kēia mau wahi, pāʻoihana ha awina i ua kiʻekiʻe o mae wale, Asia-Pacific, ma ka Akä, mea he nui loa i olelo mua iaʻi wahi kahi e neʻe maila i ka papa kuhikuhiE? Aneiai keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

E like me ka hapanui poe akamai i, ka mea o ka Asia-Pacific māhele o ka konu, i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kokoke e loa Kīwala'ō i ke ao nei hoʻokele waiwai.