Aupuni a pau - keia mea i kekahi palapala o ke aupuni? Ka nui aupuni a pau o ka honua

Ka hua'ōlelo "aupuni a pau" ia wa mua a pau o ka lehelehe, ka mea, ua i lilo kaila. He He manaʻo o kona kahiko nani a me ka hana maʻamau. He aha kēia mea he aupuni a pau?

Ua Ua olelo?

Puke Wehewehe a me encyclopedias kaumaha i ka walaʻauʻana ano o ka huaolelo "aupuni a pau" (mai ka Roma hua'ōlelo "imperium" - mana), i ke ano o ka a, ina oe e ole e hele i loko o ka manakā lāliʻi, aʻaʻole i ka Lani i ka maloo scientific hua'ōlelo, Ua like penei. Mua, ke aupuni a pau - he aupuni mō'ī, alai ae ma ka Emperor a Empress (Roman aupuni a pau, i ka Russian aupuni a pau). Eia naʻe, ma ka mea ana o ka moku'āina ua lilo i aupuni a pau o kona alii mea,ʻaʻole i lawa ia e kapa ia Auguseto. Aupuni a pau presupposes ke ola ana o ka pono nui noho mana ana panalāʻau a me nā lāhui kanaka, he ikaika centralized mana (authoritarian ole totalitarian). A ina i ka la apopo, Prince Hans-Adamu II, e kapa ana ia ia iho Emperor, ka mea e ole hoʻololi i ka pā o ka moku'āina o Liechtenstein noonoo maalea, (me ka heluna o ka emi o kanaha tausani kanaka), a me ka mea e hiki ole i ka olelo ana ia mea he uuku na'lii a - aupuni a pau (me ke aupuni).

He like nui

Ka lua, aupuni a pinepine kapa o ka aina, ka poe i kilakila koloniala waiwai. Ma keia hihia, ke Auguseto ka alo mea i pono. No ka laʻana, nā aliʻi English, aole loa i kapaia i Emperor, akā, no ka aneane elima kenekulia, alakaʻi ma ka Beritania aupuni a pau, i ka i me ole wale ka UK akā, i ka nui helu o nā panalāʻau, a aupuni. Ka nui aupuni a pau o ke ao nei no ka wa pau etched ko lakou mau inoa ma ka papa o ka moʻolelo, akā, i ka mea i pau ka mea,?

Ka Roma aupuni a pau (27 BC - .. 476)

Formally mua ia Auguseto i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka noho maikai ana, noonoo iho la o Iulio Kaisara (100 - 44 BC ..), Ka mea i mua i kanikele, a laila, hai mai la dictator no ke ola. Ike o ka pono no ka mea nā mea hoʻololi, Kaisara hele ke kānāwai i ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana o kahiko Roma i loli. i ke kūlana o ka National Ahaolelo nalowale ua, Kaisara kākoʻo Ua hoʻolakoʻia Senate, nana i haawi ka Kaisara ia i ka inoa o Auguseto me ka pono o kona mau pua, e hoolilo. Kaisara hoomaka minting gula malihini me kona mau kiʻi. Kona makemake no ka loa ka mana i alakai ai i ke kipi ana o nā kenekoa (44 BC. E.), i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma Mareko ke Brutus a me Gaio Cassius. I mea, o ka mua ia Auguseto ua i ke keiki o Kaisara - Octavian Augustus (63 BC - .. '14 BC ..). i ka inoa o ka Auguseto i loko o ia mau lā i manaoia ka mea kiekie ka luna koa i lanakila 'o ia i ka nui lanakila. Formally, ka Roma Repubalika nō ola, a ua kapaʻia Augustus iho princeps ( "mua i waena o hoahanauna"), akā, ia mea no ka repubalika Octavian loaa i nā hiʻona o ke aupuni mō'ī, e like me ka despotic'Ākia Hawaii. I ka 284, Emperor Diocletian (245 -. 313 makahiki) Ua hoʻokumu pū nā mea hoʻololi i hope, huli ae i ka mea kahiko Roma repubalika i loko o kekahi aupuni a pau. Mai ia manawa, ua kapaʻia ka Auguseto ka Dominus - haku. Ma 395, ua maheleia ka moku'āina i loko o nā māhele - ka hikina mai (ke kapikala - Constantinople) a me ka Western (kapikala - Rome) - kela mea keia mea o ko i ua alai ae la ma kona iho Auguseto. Kēia i ka makemake o ka Emperor Theodosius, ka mea ma luna o ka Ewa o kona make ana i puunaue i ka moku'āina i waena o kāna mau keiki kāne. Ma ka hope wā o kona ola, i ka Western aupuni a pau i na hoopai ana i ka ikaika incursions o kela poe kanaka ei, a ma ka 476 koke ikaika moku'āina e e eia ka mea hope i luku mai ai i ka luna-kela poe kanaka ei Odoacer (ma kahi o 431 - 496), ka mea e noho aliʻi wale nō Italy, e haʻalele i ka inoa o Auguseto, a mai nā waiwai o ka Roma aupuni a pau. Ma hope iho o ka haule ana o na aupuni a pau nui o Roma, e ana kekahi ma hope o ka mea 'ē aʻe.

Ka Byzantine aupuni a pau (IV - XV kenekulia.)

Ka Byzantine aupuni a pau originated, mai ka hikina mai Roma aupuni a pau. A lohe o Odoacer hewa ana i ka hope Roma Auguseto, lawe iho la ia ia i ka hanohano o ka mana, a hoouna aku la ia lakou a hiki i Constantinople. Ma ka honua, wale kekahi Sun, a me ka Auguseto, hoi, pono e kekahi - mea e pili ana i ka mea pili i keia hana. Ke Byzantine aupuni a ua aia ma ka crossroads o Europa, Asia a me Aferika, kona palena i lalau mai ka Euperate a hiki i ka Danube. A nui kūlana ma ka ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka Byzantine aupuni a hookani he Kristiano, a lilo i ka makahiki 381 i ka moku'āina hoomana o ka Roma aupuni a pau. Church poe kupuna i koi ia ma ka manaoio, ua ola,ʻaʻole wale nō kanaka, akā, kaiāulu iho. Nolaila, Byzantium mea ma lalo o ka malu o ka Haku, a ua paa ia e alakai nā lāhui kanaka a pau i ke ola. Naita a me ka uhane mana paha e hoao maua i loko o ka inoa o kekahi, he pono ole pahuhopu. Byzantine aupuni a pau - he moku'āina ma i ka manaʻo o imperial mana i loaa i ka loa oo palapala. Ke Akua, - i ka Haku o ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa, a me ka Auguseto i Kīwala'ō i loko o nā aupuni o ka honua. No ia mea, o ka mana o ka Auguseto hoomaluia e ke Akua, a me ka mea hoano. Ke Byzantine Auguseto, heʻaneʻane kona palena mana, nolaila, manao iho i ka na a me kuwaho, oia ka luna o ka poe koa, kiekie Nui, a me ka 'Aha'ōlelo i ke ia manawa. Byzantine Emperor - mea wale nō ke poʻo o ka moku'āina akā, i ke poo o ka Ekalesia ole, pela ka mea, he e hōʻike i ka hana o ke kumu hoʻohālike o Christian piety. Ua akamai loa, i ka mana o ka Auguseto aole i i ili mai ka loio i wahi o ka Hawaii. Mōʻaukala ike nui examples o ka Byzantine aupuni a pau, ka wā e lilo ai ka Auguseto ana o kanaka, aole no ka hanau kau, a me ka hopena o kona maoli kānaka apau i mākaukau.

Ottoman (Ottoman) aupuni a (1299 - 1922)

Moʻolelo i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO helu kona ola ana mai ka 1299, ka wā i ke kukulu akau-komohana Anatolia, ka Ottoman moku'āina i waho, ma muli o kona Suletana mua, Osman - i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka houʻana. Osman koke naʻi i ka pau West Asia Minor, a e lilo i kekahi pola ikaika no ka hou? Anoe o ka Turkicʻohana. Mākou ke olelo aku i ka Ottoman aupuni a pau - Tureke mea he sultanate wā. Akā, pololei olelo ana aupuni a ua hana wale i loko o ka XV - XVI kenekulia, i ka wa a ka Turkish naʻi ma Europa, Asia a me Aferika ua lilo loa nui. Kona heyday coincided me ka'opi o ka Byzantine aupuni a pau. Keia, o ka papa, i ole accidental: inā ma kahi e emi, e ae, e oiaio no e hoʻohuiʻia, e like me ke kānāwai o ka mālama o ka ikehu ka mana, a ma luna o ka Eulńsia'āinapuniʻole. Ma ke kupulau o 1453, e like me ka hopena o ka lōʻihi ikiiki, a me ka hi kaua kaua Ottoman Kauai ma lalo Suletana Mehmed II i Constantinople, ke kapikala o ke Byzantine aupuni a pau. Kēia lanakila, e alakai i ka mea e, e loaa i ka Kauai i Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o ka hikina Kaiwaenahonua no na makahiki. Kapikala o ka Ottoman aupuni a makemake e Constantinople (Kou). Ke kiekie loa o kona ole a me ka pomaikai o ka Ottoman aupuni a hiki i ka XVI kenekulia - i ka noho alii ana o Suleiman i ka nani o ka I. Ma ka hoʻomaka o ka XVII kenekulia ka Ottoman moku'āina makemake e kekahi o ka mana nui i loko o ke ao nei. Aupuni a pau e hoʻomalu aku kokoke i ka anai South-EastʻEulopa, North Africa a me Western Asia, ka mea, oia no 32'āina, a me ka ai iiiaanoaa o ke kauwa Hawaii. Ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, e hiki mai i ka hopena o ka First World War. I Germany mau allies, i pepehi i ka o Tureke, i ka 1922, e e hoopau i ka sultanate, a ma ka 1923 Tureke lilo ana o ka repubalika.

Ka Beritania aupuni a (1497 - 1949)

The Beritania aupuni a pau - ka mea, o ka mea nui loa koloniala moku'āina i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o ka noho maikai ana. I ka 30 makahiki o ka iwakalua kenekulia, i ka mokuna o ka United Kingdom manaʻo no aneane he hapaha o ka Honua ka aina, a me kona kanaka - he hapaha o na kanaka e noho ana ma luna o ka Honua (ole ma ka hiki wale mai ia ua lilo English ka loa influential 'ōlelo i loko o ke ao nei). Europa naʻi oʻEnelani, e hele io lākou lā Ireland a me Melia - i ka hopu ana o Hawaii (1583), a lilo i springboard no? Anoe? I loko o North America. I ka pomaikai o ka colonization Pelekāne ka pilina i ka holomua imperialist kaua, a England kaua mai ai Spain, Palani, Holland. I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVII kenekulia hoʻomaka e komo iloko o ka UK i India, hope England, e lawelawe i ka Australia a me New Zealand, North, Tropical a me South Africa.

Beritania, a me nā panalāʻau

Ma hope o ka First World War, ka ke Kuʻikahi o Nations, e haawi i ka United Kingdom i mandate e kahu ai i kekahi o nā panalāʻau kahiko o ka Ottoman a me Kelemānia aupuni a pau (me - Iran a me Palesetina). Naʻe, i ka hopena o ka Apana World War me ka nui loa 'oni iki i ke kākauʻana i loko o ka koloniala nīnau. Beritania, nae ka mea huli mai e ia i waena o nā Winners, i puʻe wale akula kēlā, e lawe i ka nunui aie mai kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, e pale aku panakalupa. Ke USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia - ka nui âlapa pôhili i loko o ka Arena kālai'āina - Ua kue i ka colonization. Akā, i loko o nā panalāʻau, ia manawa,ʻoi loa liberation olelo la. Ma keia kulana mea, he mea paʻakikī a me ka pipiʻi ka mea, ua e noho ma kona koloniala domination. Akä naÿe, Portugal a me Palani, England i ole hana ana a me ka hoolilo mana i kūloko aupuni. I ka lā, i ke Aupuni United mau, e malama i dominance ma luna o nā panalāʻau e 14.

Russian aupuni a (1721 - 1917)

Ma hope o ka pau 'ana o ka Hawaiian War, ka wā i Moscow moku'āina i paa hou na aina, a komo i ka Baltic kai, King Peter au i ka inoa o ka Emperor o All-Russian palapala hoopii o ka Senate - ka kiʻekiʻe loa hui, o ka moku'āina mana, hoʻokumu' umi makahiki mua. Ma kona wahi o ka Russian aupuni a lilo ae la i ke kolu o ka (ma hope o nā aupuni a pau o Beritania, a Mongol) mai ka wa pau ole? Ueony lehulehu ē aʻei kūpono. Ma mua o ka Hekikai o ka State Duma i ka 1905 Lūkini Auguseto ka mana ua i kapu, koe wale no ka Orthodox hae. Peter I, i hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka vertical o ka mana i loko o ke aupuni, Rusia Ua maheleia i ewalu'āina. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Ana II ka mea, lilo iho la 50, a ma ka 1917, e like me ka hopena o ia kenekoa? Aiey, i ko lakou helu mahuahua i 78. Rusia - aupuni a pau, a komo i ka helu o kēia mō'ī Hawaii (Finland, Belarus, Ukraine, Baltic aina, Caucasus a me Central Asia). E like me ka hopena o ka Feberuari,ʻOiʻenehana o 1917, i ka papa o Lūkini i Emperor o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai ua oki, a ma September no ia makahiki, ua kūkala Rusia he repubalika.

Centrifugal tendencies e'Āhewa

E like me 'oe ke ike, a pau o ke aupuni a pau nui e hina. I wahi no e pili ana ia centripetal koa e ma neia hope aku e hele mai i ka centrifugal tendencies i alakaʻi i ke aupuni ina ole i ka piha'opi, alaila, e ka palaho.