Benito Mussolini: Kawaihae, kālai'āina, 'ohana. Key nā lā a me nā hanana o kona ola

Fascist alakaʻi Benito Mussolini no 21 makahiki alii iho la oia Italy like me ka dictatorial Kuhina Nui Kuhina. I ka paakiki keiki, mai kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule, oia la unruly a me ka ikaika. Bucha, no laila, i kapaʻia Mussolini i kona 'oihana i loko o ka Italia Socialist Party. He Ua hope kipaku mai ka hui no ke kākoʻo o ke Kaua Honua II. He laila i hana i ka Nazi Party, e kūkulu hou Italy me ka ikaika 'Eulopa mana.

Ma hope o ka March ma Roma ma October 1922, Benito lilo ia Kuhina Nui Kuhina a me ke kiʻekiʻe o pepehi a pau kū'ē kālai'āina. Ua hooikaika iho kona kulana ma ka moʻo o nā kānāwai, a huli Italy i loko o ka hoʻokahi-aoao moku'āina. He noho ma ka mana a hiki i 1943, a ka mea i lukuʻia. Hope lilo ia i ka luna o ka Italia Social Repubalika, i i hoaponoia ma ka akau loa o ka moku'āina i Hitler i kākoʻo wholeheartedly. Ka wahi, ua malamaia oia, a 1945.

mau aʻo hou e pili ana i keia pohihihi, a eccentric kanaka, Mussolini, nona Kawaihae Ua hoihoi 'e.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini i hānau i loko o 1883 ma ke kauhale o Varano Di Kosta (panalāʻau o Forlì-Chizena, Italy). Inoa i loko o ka hanohano o Mekiko Peresidena Benito Juarez, a ua hāʻawiʻia iā ia, i ka lua o ka inoa a me ka waena inoa i loko o iaia o ka Italia socialists Andrea Kosta a me Amilcare Tsipriani. Kona makua kāne, Alessandro, ua i ka hana, a me ka passionate Socialist, ka mea i haawi nui o kona mau noa manawa pilikino E pili, a ua hoʻolimalima i ke dala lilo ma mistresses. Kona makuwahine, Rosa, ua he haipule Hui a me ke kumu.

Benito - ka makahiapo o ko ka 'ohana mau keiki ekolu. I loko nō o ka mea ia ia e lilo i ka loio nui o ka iwakalua kenekulia, hoomaka ae la oia e kamaʻilio loa lohi. I kona wā'ōpiopio, oia ku i ka puu o ke kanaka a me kā lākou ka noʻonoʻo 'faculties, akā, i ka mea ia manawa ua ai i kipi a me kona luli wale. Kona makua kāne luna o ia i kuko no Socialist kālai'āina a me ka ole i ka mana. Mussolini kekahi mau manawa, ua kipaku mai na kula, ignoring i nā koi o ka hahau a me ka mea. Kekahi hou ae la oia i ka makahiapo i ke keiki, Mussolini (Kawaihae hōʻike i ka mea, i ole e hōʻike wale i kanaka). Eia naʻe,ʻo ia e hoʻokele e kiʻi i ke ao palapala i ka 1901, ma hope i kona malaila i kekahi manawa e hana ana i loko o kā lākou hana kūikawā.

Kuko no ka socialism Mussolini. Kawaihae a me ke ola

I ka 1902, Benito neʻe i Kuikilana, e kūkulu i ka Socialist neʻeʻana. Koke loaa ke kaulana me he kupaianaha rhetoric. Au aʻo English a me Kelemānia. Kona komo i loko o pili ho'ākāka o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka Hawaiian Aupuni, i mea kumu ia, a ua kipakuia mai o ka aina.

I ka 1904, Benito hoi i Italia, kahi āna i hana mau, e paipai i ka Socialist Party. No kekahi mau mahina, oia ua ua halepaahao no ka loaa ana i ka ka ideology o Mussolini. Ma hope o kona hookuu, lilo 'o ia i ka hoʻoponopono o ka nupepa Avanti (a' o ia hoʻi "i mua"). Kēia kūlana ae aku la ia ia, e hoʻonui i kona aoao ma Italian lehulehu. I ka 1915, oia mare Rashel Gaydi. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, hanau mai la ia elima keiki Benito.

Ka mokuāhana ma me ka socialism

Mussolini hoahewa Italy ma ka First World War. Akā koke au hoʻomaopopo i kēia ua he manawa nui no kona aina, e lilo i ka mana nui. Oko o ka manao i alakai aku ai i ka hakakā Benito me nā socialists, a kokeʻo ia i kipaku mai i ka hui.

I ka 1915, ua lilo kekahi hapa o ka Italia koa, a kaua ae la i ka alo laina. Ke ano o ka corporal i hoʻokuʻu mai i ke kaua.

Ma hope o ke kaua, Mussolini Keoni a me kona pili aupuni hana, nema aku ana i ke Aupuni o 'Ikalia no ka hoailona o ka nawaliwali i ka hōʻailona o ke Kuikahi o Versailles. He hana i kona nupepa iho i loko o Milan - Il Popolo d'Italia. A ma ka 1919,ʻo ia i hana i ka Nazi Party, i ka pahuna ma ka paioʻana nohona papa ka hoʻokae ', a ma ka kākoʻo o nationalist olelo la. Kona papa kuhikuhiE manao - e loaa i ka hilinai nui o ka poe koa, a me ke aupuni mō'ī. Penei,ʻo ia manaʻo nō hoʻi e hoʻokū Italy i ke kiʻekiʻe o kona nui Roma i hala.

I ka hiki ana i ka mana o Mussolini

Ma hoɃoponopono i hāʻule pohō ma hope lapuwale luahi o ka War Nui e discredit i ka hale kanawai e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o oicyenoaaiiie ka hoʻoponopono ulia, a kiʻekiʻe nohona oukou paio ana, Mussolini i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka oihana koa bloc, ikeia like me ka "ʻeleʻele pālule," ka mea i terrorized kālai'āina mau hoa paio, a kōkua hoonui i ka fascist keiki. I ka 1922, oia ua komo 'o loko o pili aupuni chaos Italia. Mussolini mai la i makemake e hiki ke hoihoi mea ma ka aina, ina ka mea, ua haawiia mai ka mana.

Ke alii Victor Emmanuel III noi Benito, e hana i kekahi aupuni. A i loko o October 1922, lilo 'o ia i ka muli Kuhina Nui e lawelawe i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Italia moku'āina. He i nā dismantled a pau kemokalaka kulanui. A i loko o ka makahiki 1925,ʻo ia iā ia iho dictator, Mussolini lawe i ka inoa, a 'o ia hoʻi "alakaʻi".

Policy Duce

He lawe mai i ka polokalamu nui o ka lehulehu e hana i ka ho'ēmi i ka nele. No ia mea, Mussolini nā mea hoʻololi i ka pomaikai nui. He pū hoʻololi i ka aina o ka? Eia kālai'āina i ka totalitarian, ka mana i ua Grand Council o Fascism, a me ke kākoʻo o ka aina maluhia.

Ma hope o ka wehe 'ana i ka hale kanawai Benito hoʻokumu i ke keena o Fasci, a hui me ka Nohie aʻoaʻo' ia. E like me kekahi hapa o ka hui kālepa moku'āina, i hoʻonohonoho nā haku a me ka poe hana ma ka noho mana ana poe no ko kaʻokoʻa nāʻoihana o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Social lawelawe Ua ulu me ka nui loa, akā, ka mea i hoopau i ke kuleana e pepehi.

Mussolini? Eia ho'ēmi i kā ka aoao o ka Ahahookolokolo, paa i hoʻi iā ka noa kaomi, hopu kālai'āina mau hoa paio. Ma hope o ka moʻo o ka ho'āʻo 'ana ma luna o kona ola (i loko o ka makahiki 1925 a me ka 1926) Benito bans kū'ē aoao, pepehi hoʻolele oi ma mua o 100 lālā o ka hale kanawai, hoihoi i ka make hoopai no ka hewa i kū'ē, ana ma ke ana ana o kūloko ke koho ana a me maoli i ka aoao o na makai malu. No laila, fascism o Mussolini hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa mana.

I ka 1929, oia kakau inoa i ka Lateran Pact me ka Waikikana, ma hope a pau i ke kaua ma waena o ka Ekalesia, a me ka Italia moku'āina.

koa hoʻomanaʻo

I ka makahiki 1935, hoʻoholo, e hōʻike i ka mana a me ka ikaika o kona? Eia, Mussolini ma Aitiopa, i ka 'aʻe' ana i nā koi o ka ke Kuʻikahi o Nations. hiki ole Poorly koaʻAitiopa ke ku imua o ke kālā no poʻina nalu a me ka mokulele i loko o Italy, a ua koke lanakila ke kapikala o Addis Ababa. Benito hoʻokumu i loko oʻAitiopa hou Italian aupuni a pau.

I ka 1939, oia hoouna lākou poʻe kaua i Spain e kākoʻo Francisco Franco a kūloko fascists i ke Kanawai ke Kaua. A no keia mea makemake e? Anoe kona keiki.

Germany Union

Holoʻokoʻa i hele mai ma koa successes ma Italy, Adolf Hitler (German dictator) imi iho la e hookupaa nui ae i ka pili aloha me Mussolini. Benito, ma ka huli, hahau aku la i ka maikaʻi loa pili hana o Hitler, a me kona nā kālai'āina lanakila. I ka 1939, na aina elua kakauinoa i ka oihana koa kuikahi i kapa e like me ka Pact o Steel.

Mussolini a Hitler i ka maʻemaʻe ma Italy, hoʻopaʻi i nā Iudaio a pau. A mahope mai o ka hoomaka ana o ka Apana World War, i ka 1940, Italian lākou poʻe kaua ma Greece. A laila, hui na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ma ka mahele o Yugoslavia, ke kaua o ka Soviet Union, a me ka hoike ana'ku o ke kaua ma Amerika.

He nui Italians mai i kākoʻo oia i kuikahi me Germany. Akā, Hitler ka komo i loko o Poland a me ke kue me Pelekāne a me Palani alakai Italy, e komo 'ana i loko o hostilities, a hōʻike i nā flaws o kona poe koa, penei. Greece a me NorthʻApelika koke hooauheeia Italy. Wale i ka Kelemānia 'uao i ka 1941 i hoopaa mai ai Mussolini ma ka oihana koa coup.

I ka make ana o 'Ikalia, a Mussolini ka emi

I ka 1942, ma ka Casablancaʻaha kūkā , Winston Churchill a me Franklin D. Roosevelt e kūkulu i kekahi kumumanao e lawe mai Italia mai o ke kaua a me ka puʻe wale mai Germany e hoʻoneʻe i kona poe koa ma ka hikina mai Front e ku e ia Rusia. Ally koa hoʻopaʻa i ka foothold ma Sicily, a hoomaka ae la e neʻe i ka Peninsula.

Ka Uluwehi o puʻe puʻe wale Mussolini e haʻalele. Ma hope iho o ia, i hopu ia, akā, i ka Kelemānia kūikawā koa koke Spa Benito. He laila, neʻe i ka'ākau Italia, a i nō ku e na Kelemania, me ka manao e hoihoi i ka mana kahiko.

Ka lehulehu hooko

June 4, makahiki 1944, i hookuuia e Ally koa i i ka hooponopono ana o ka moku'āina holoʻokoʻa Roma. Mussolini a me kona haku wahine, Clara Petacci, ho'āʻo e pakele i Kuikilana, akā, ua pio April 27, 1945. Ua hana lakou i ka ia la ae, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Dongo. Ko lakou mau kino i kaulia ma ka huinahalike i loko o Milan. Italian ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ole ka hoike i kekahi minamina no ka make ana o Benito. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, āna i'ōlelo ai i nā kanaka "Roma nani", akā, i kona megalomania i lanakila, he pono ole ke aloha, ka mea i alakai i ka moku'āina i ke kaua a me ka ilihune.

Initially Ua kanu Mussolini i loko o ka pā ilina Musocco ma Milan. Akā, ma August 1957, oia i hou-kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka lua pao kokoke Varano Di Kosta.

Faith a me ka hana hoʻonanea

E like me ke keiki, Mussolini hai aku ia ia iho i ka atheist, a hiki ho'āʻo mau manawa e hoohikilele i ka hoolohe, ae hea aku i ke Akua, e pepehi ia ia. He hoahewa i ka Socialists, ka poe tolerant o ka hoʻomana. He manaoio aku i ka 'epekema i maopopo ia aole he Akua, a me ka hoomana ana - i ka maʻi o ka naau, a ua hoopiiia Kristiano o ke kipi a me ka makau. Ke ideology o Mussoliniʻano nui o lakou i ka hoohewa ana i ka Ekalesia Hui.

Benito i ka peahi o Fridriha Nitsshe. Denis Mack Smith i oleloia i loko o ka mea, loaʻaʻo ia i hoaponoia no kona "crusade" ku e aku i ke Kristiano, noloko o ke aloha a me ka lokomaikaʻi. He mahalo i hoʻomaopopo ai i kona manaʻo o ka superman. Ma ka lā o kona 60th lā hānau,ʻo ia loaa i ka haawina mai Hitler - he piha ohi ana o na hana o Nietzsche.

Personal ola

No ka mea manawa mua Benito mare Ida Dalser ma Trento i ka 1914. A makahiki ma hope, i ka hui i ke keiki, ka mea i kapaia o Benito Albino Mussolini. He nui ka e hoailona oukou i kona mare mua, a pau 'ike i ua luku a me kana wahine a me ke keiki i koke malalo i ka mea ino.

Ma Kekemapa 1915, ua mare Rashel Gaydi, ka poe i hala aku la i kona haku wahine mai 1910. I ka mare ana, ka mea, he mau kaikamahine a me nā keiki kāneʻekolu, Ed (1910-1995 GG.) A Anna Maria (1929-1968 GG.), Vittorio (1916-1997 GG.), Bruno (1918-1941 GG.) A Romano (1927-2006 GG.).

Mussolini ua he mau mistresses, i waena o lākou - Margherita Sarfatti, a me kona mau hope wahine - Clara Petacci.

'āina hoʻoili

Ke kolu o ke keiki a Mussolini, Bruno, make ihola i loko o ka pelane kui ma ka holo ana ma luna o ka bomber R.108 hoao ana nuʻukia August 7, 1941.

Kana makahiapo-kane ma hope hao wale mai hoʻoweliweli Ua make August 26, 1942.

Ke kaikuahine Sofi Loren, Anna Maria Skikolone, mare ia Romano Mussolini. Kona moʻopuna, Alessandra Mussolini, ua he lâlâ 'o ka Europa hale kanawai, a me ka ua a ianoiyuaa a ana i loko o ke keena o ka lunakanawai me he lālā o People o ke ku okoa ana.

Mussolini ka National Fascist Party i banned ma postwar Ikalia Kumukanawai. Aka hoi, he mau Neo-Nazi ka hoʻolālā mua, e hoʻomau i ka hana o Benito. Ka loa ikaika loa o ia mau mea - ka Italia Social Honua, a mau ae la a hiki i 1995. Akā, koke hoʻololi kona inoa a hiki i ka National kuikahi, a radically kaawale mai fascism.

No laila, ua hiki ke olelo: ikaika, piʻi wale i ka lanakila, a me ka Hekikai fanatic ua Benito Mussolini. Kona Kawaihae ua luku ka lā'ī ia iluna, a iho i lalo mercilessly. He ua ka poo o ka Italia aupuni mai ka 1922 a hiki i 1943. He lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka fascism ma Italy. I loko nō o kona dictatorial rula ua rigidly pili ana i kā lākou poʻe kānaka. He alakaʻi ka lāhui kanaka i loko o na kaua ekolu, iloko o ka hope o ka mea ana i hoʻokahuliʻia.

Ma muli o kēia manawa a pau, e e hiki, e aʻo i ka luna 'ike, i mea ka ideology o Mussolini, a pehea la ia i kekahi kanaka.