Bosnian War: 'ehaʻeha ka

ua lilo 90 makahiki ka aʻe au o ka hookahe koko i loko o ka Balkans. Ma ka hookuikui hou o Yugoslavia, hoomaka ae la kekahi mau lāhui kaua. Kekahi o ia i huli aʻe ma Bosnia ma waena o Bosnians, Serbs a me ka Croats. Ua kane manaopaa, hihipeʻa kēia kue wale nō ma hope o ka mea intervened i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa, kuhikuhi na Aupuni Hui Pū 'a me NATO. Makaukau kaua ua lilo notorious no kona lehulehu kaua hewa.

elue

I ka makahiki 1992, i ka Bosnian War, hoomaka ae la. Eia hoi kekahi e ku e ka backdrop o ka'opi o Yugoslavia a me ka haule ana o communism i loko o ka Old World. Ka nui ana ke kū'ē i nāʻaoʻao kila Bosniak Nā Poʻe Isalama (a Bosniak), Serb Orthodox a me ka Hui Croat. Ke kaua ua multifaceted: kālai'āina, lāhui a me ka confessional.

Ua pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana me ka'opi o Yugoslavia. Kēia aupuni pekelala Socialist moku'āina noho loa kekahi mau lāhui kanaka - .. Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Macedonians, Slovenes, etc. I ka Pelelina Wall hina iho la, a me ka Communist'ōnaehana ka liu o ka anuanu War, ke aupuni 'ê o Yugoslavia hoomaka ae la e koi Kuokoa. Ua hoomaka ka parade o sovereignties , ma ka analogy me ka mea i hanaia i loko o ka Soviet Union.

Pauku One, Slovenia a me Croatia. Ma Yugoslavia, ma ka hou ia ia, ua ka Socialist Repubalika o Bosnia a me Herzegovina. Ka mea, ua ka loa ethnically variegated māhele koke hui aupuni. Ke aupuni, ua ma kahi o 45% Bosniak, Serb 30% a me ka 16% Croat. February 29, 1992 i ka kūloko Aupuni (aia i loko o ke kulanakauhale nui, o Sarajevo) paa i ka referendum ma kuokoa. Ua hoole ia ka Bosnian Serbs e komo i loko o laila. Ka wā ma Sarajevo hai kuokoa mai Yugoslavia, ka escalation o tensions.

Serbian nīnau

hoomaka maoli kapikala o ka Bosnian Serbs i Banja Luka. Ke kue Ua ano hoomainoino ia e ka mea i ka mau lāhui kanaka olaʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao no na makahiki, a no ka mea, o keia, ua nui ethnically poʻe'ē he mauʻohana i loko o kekahi mau wahi. I mau, ka Serbs noho hou ma ka akau a me ka hikina o ka aina. Ke Bosnian kaua i ke ala no ia e kime i me compatriots ma Yugoslavia. Poe kaua o ka Socialist Repubalika haʻalele Bosnia i loko o May 1992. Me ka nalowaleʻana o ke kolu o ka ikaika i hiki somehow hooponopono pili aloha ma waena o ka poe enemi, nalowale hope keʻakeʻa nei iaʻi lakou i ka hookahe koko ana.

Yugoslavia (kahi noho puleʻAmelika, Serb heluna) mai ka loa kinohi kākoʻo i ka Bosnian Serbs, e hana i kā lākou mau Republika Srpska. Me na luna o ka mea kahiko hoʻokahi poʻe kaua, hoomaka ae la e neʻe i loko o ka puali koa o ka unrecognized moku'āina.

Nowai konaʻaoʻao Rusia i loko o ke kaua Bosnian, e lilo ike koke ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kaua. Nā luna o ka Russian Hui ho'āʻo e hana me ka peacekeeping max. Pēlā i hana ai i ke koena o ka influential mana o ko ke ao nei kaiāulu. Nā loea kālai'āina huli no kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai, ka leo kono i mau hoa paio e negotiate ma'ākilikai ?? eoi?. Eia naʻe, ina ua kamailio e pili ana i lehulehu manao Rusia 90th., Mākou hiki ke olelo me ka oiaio, i ka manao o ka mea na kanaka e noho ana ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Serbs. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, e pili mau kanaka, a hoʻohui i ke kaiāulu o Slavic moʻomeheu, orthodoxy, a no laila, ma luna o. D. E like me ke kūwaho hoʻi poe akamai, i ke kaua Bosnian i ka waena o ka attraction no 4 tausani nāʻaʻa mai ka mua USSR i kākoʻo i ka Repubalika o Srpska.

Ke outbreak o ke kaua

A kolu o ka aoao i ka hakakā, ma ka hou ana i Serbs a me ka Bosniaks, hoomaka iho la Croats. Lakou i hana i ka mokuaina o Herceg-Bosna, a iloko o ke kaua ola me ka unrecognized moku'āina. Ke kapikala o ka repubalika lilo ke kulanakauhale o Mostar. Ma Europa, ua ikeia ka hiki ana o ke kaua, a ho'āʻo me ke kōkua o nā hoʻonohonoho 'mea e pale ai ka hookahe koko ana. Ma March 1992, i kakauinoa ia he 'aelike ma Likepona, e like me a ma ka mana i loko o ke aupuni i ia e maheleia ma lāhui laina. Eia hou, na aoao like i ke aupuni pekelala-oaio? A, e kaʻana like ka mana me kūloko nā kauhale. Ka palapala i kakauinoaia e ka Bosnian Alija Izetbegovic, Serb Radovan Karadzic a Croatian hoa Boban.

Eia naʻe, heʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai ua pōkole-i noho ai. A mau lā ma hope,'ī akula Izetbegovic e hoʻopau i ka 'aelike. I mea, e haawi mai pepa blanche i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua. He aha i pono ua pono i ka olelo e. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hookahe koko ana ia nei hoa paio kapaʻokoʻa Episode mea i mālama ai i ka impetus no ka mea pepehi kanaka mua. Ua ua he koʻikoʻi ideological wahi.

No kekahi wahi o ole hoʻi o Serbs i ka pana ana o ka Serbian ahaaina mare ma Sarajevo. Pepehi kanaka, he Bosniaks. I ka Ia manawa, Nā Poʻe Isalama hewa ia i ka Serbs i loko o ka swagger kaua. Ka mea, i oleloia i ka mea mua i make Bosnians ka poe i kuleana i loko o ke alanui h ÷ ike. Ma ka pepehi ana o kēia pūʻali koa Republika Srpska Pelekikena Radovan Karadzic.

I ka pua ana o Sarajevo

Ma May 1992, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale'Aukekulia o Graz, ka pelekikena o Republika Srpska, Radovan Karadzic, a me ka pelekikena o Croatian Repubalika o Herceg-Bosna kokoolua Boban pūlima i kaʻeluaʻaoʻao olelo, a ua i ka nui loa palapala o ka pae mua o ka kaua kaua. Elua Slavic unrecognized Hawaiiʻae kaua e hooki aku a hui pu me ka mea e hookupaa nui ae i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka Muslim nā panalāʻau e.

Ma hope iho o kēia Episode Bosnian War ikea ma Sarajevo. Ke kapikala o kekahi lāhui kanaka i haehaeia e na ka hakaka, i na kanaka]ʻano nui e Nā Poʻe Isalama. Naʻe, i loko o nā wahi e pili ana a puni kauhale noho Serb oo. Kēia lākiō ua paa ka manao o ka papa o ke kaua. April 6, 1992, hoomaka ae la i ka pua ana o Sarajevo. Serbian kaua hoʻopuni i ke kulanakauhale. Ke hoopuni mau ae la ia mawaena o ke kaua (no ekolu makahiki), a ua kaʻikaʻiʻia ma hope o ka hōʻailona o ka hope loa o ka Dayton i ke kuʻikahi ma wale.

Iloko o ka hoʻopuniʻana o Sarajevo, i na hoopai ana i ke kulanakauhale e, pili shelling. Ua piha Funnel, i koe mai o nā pūpū, ma ka peacetime me ka kūikawā Blend o kēpau, Ka lula ea Ke a me ka ia ula ka inika. Mau "hōʻailona" i loko o ka ahakanaka i ua kapaia "Sarajevo Roses". I kēia lā ka mea, i kekahi o na kia hoʻomanaʻo i loa kaulana o ia kaua weliweli.

nui o ke kaua

It E e kaulana ia Serb-Bosniak kaua holo ia laua me ka kaua i loko o Croatia, kahi e wela ai kaua ma waena o kūloko Croat a me Serb. He mokuahana a me ka huikau kulana. Ma Bosnia huli mai ke kaua, ia mea he kaua no a pau e kū'ē i nā mea a pau. Pakahi aku la ia controversial i ke kulana o kūloko Croats. kākoʻo kekahi o ia i ka Bosnians, ka mea 'ē aʻe hapa - ka Serbs.

Ma June 1992, i ke aupuni i ka un peacekeeping max. Initially, ka mea i hanaia no ka kaua Croatian, akā, ma hope koke iho o kona mana i hoopomaikai io ia i Bosnia. Mau puali koa i hooponopono o Sarajevo Airport (mua ia i ka Serbs, i ka mea, e haʻalele i kēia nui amo Hub). Un peacekeepersʻaneʻi e hoopakele aloha kekahi i kekahi kōkua, a e e puunaue ma ke aupuni, e like me ia ma Bosnia,ʻaʻole he hookahi wahi untouched ma ka hookahe koko ana. Sīwila nā mea pakele kokua i ka Red kea mikiona, eia nae na hana o ka contingent o ka hui ua,ʻaʻole lawa.

kaua hewa

ʻino a me ka senselessness o ke kaua ua lilo iaʻikeʻia a puni ka honua. Kēia i kōkua ai i nā ma ke kūpono 'ana o ka Media, kīwī a me nā' ano o ka hoʻolaha 'ike. Nuiʻaoʻao pale i ka Episode ia i wahi i loko o May 1992. Ma ke kulanakauhale o Tuzla ami Bosnian-Croat koa i hao i ka brigade o ka Yugoslav People ka Army, e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina no o ka'opi o ka aina. Ke ko Ua hele ia e snipers, pana aku la ia mīkini a pela wahi i ke alanui. Nā attackers keʻano mālie pau aku i ka eha. Ua pepehi oi ma mua o 200 koa o ka Yugoslav Army. Kēia episode, mawaena o na mea he nui'ē aʻe i hōʻike ai ke kolohe i loko o ke kaua Bosnian.

Ma ke kauwela o 1992 o ke Aupuni Lepupalika o Srpska Army ua hiki ke hookupaa aku i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka'āina o ka hikina wahi. Local Muslim civilians repressed. Ua hanaia No ka Bosniaks lehulehu eaaa?. Maʻamau o ka mea, ua i ka hainā o na wahine. Ke ruthless ikaika i ke kaua Bosnian i ole e ala mai oe ma ka iho. Na Balkans Ua mau i ka pahū keg oʻEulopa. Ke kūloko na Hawaii i Ua pōkole-olaʻana. Multinational heluna ho'āʻo nei e noho i loko o ke aupuni a pau, akā, i kēia koho mea he "maikaʻi hoalauna" Ua ho'ōlaʻoi loa aku ka hope o ka haule ana o ka communism. Ae mau pilikia a me ka hoopii i hoolaia no nā haneri o ka makahiki.

maopopo wā e hiki mai

Piha blockade o Sarajevo i hele mai i loko o ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1993, ka wā o ka Serbian koa e hoʻokele i ke hoʻokō i ka hana "Lugavats 93". Ua ua he lokoʻino a kaua, a ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma Ratko Mladic (i keia la ia mea he' āina noho hookolokolo lunakanawai). Iloko o ka hana, ka Serbs ku na ala strategically nui e alakai ana i Sarajevo. Kaiāulu o ke kapikala a me ka nui o ka aina - me ka haka mauna'āina. Ma ia a puni, i nā ala a me gorges lilo wahi o kuleana kaua.

Hoʻopio aku i Trnovo, ua hiki i ka hui pu iho i ko lakou mau ona ma na wahi elua Serbs - Herzegovina, a Podrinje. laila, huli komohana o ka poe koa. Bosnian ke kaua, ma ka pōkole, oia o ka lehulehu liʻiliʻiʻoihana kaʻa kaua i mākaukau nā pūʻulu. Ma July 1993, ua hiki ke hookupaa aku i ka mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ke ala o ka mauna o Igman ka Serbs. Kēia kūkala nūhou make koke i ka holoʻokoʻa. Western diplomats hoomaka ae la e kau puʻe i ke alakaʻi o ke alii, a kino Radovan Karadzic. Ma ke kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana i loko o Geneva, na Serbs i mea akaka i ka hihia o ka hoole ana, e haalele ia eʻoliʻoli i NATO airstrikes. Karadzic pelupelu ia ma lalo o ka puʻe. August 5, 1993 Serbs haʻalele Igman, oiai o ka 'āpana o Bosnia i koe, ma ke kua o lakou. Ma ka strategically nui puʻu ka mea, i UAIAaIN e peacekeepers mai Palani.

Bosnians Wāwahi

Ia manawa, i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai, aia ua kekahi Bosniak maloko mahae. Of Nā Poʻe Isalama i loko o ka lokomaikai o ka malama ana i ka unitary moku'āina. Kahua Firet Abdic a me kona mau ukali paa i ka kekahi wahi o ka Hawaii. Ua makemake aku e hana i ka pekelala moku'āina, a me ka manaoio aku la ia ma ia iʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai wale, e pau i ka Bosnian Kaua (1992-1995). Ma pōkole, keia i alakaʻi ai i ka muli o nā irreconcilable mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi. Eia hoi, ma September 1993, Abdic ma Velika Kladusa kūkala i ka haku o Western Bosnia. Ka mea, ua kekahi unrecognized repubalika, kū'ē i ka Izetbegovic ke aupuni i loko o Sarajevo. Abdic lilo i Ally o ka Repubalika o Srpska.

Western Bosnia - mea he kumu hoʻohālike maikaʻi o ana, he hou pōkole-manawa pili aupuni hoʻonaʻauao a pau, a haawi ala i ka Bosnian War (1992-1995). Nā kumu no kēia Medley oia o ka nui helu o conflicting pono. Western Bosnia Ua ola no elua makahiki. Kona palena i noho iloko o hana "Kika 94" a me "ka makani ino." Ma ka hihia mua e ku e Abdic i ma ka Bosnians lakou iho.

Ma 'Aukake 1995, i ke kahua hope o ke kaua, ka wā liquidated ka separatist hoʻonaʻauao hope, e ke aupuni koa Izetbegovic hui i ka Croats a me i kaupalena' contingent o NATO. Major kaua i wahi i loko o ka Krajina māhele 'āina. Anʻauhau'ēʻaʻe hopena o ka hana "ino," i ka holo ana o ka Croatian-Bosnian palena noho ma kahi o 250 tausani Serbs. Ua hanau keia poe kanaka, a ua hoala hou i loko o ka Krajina. Oiai, aohe mea i hana ua i ka emigrant pele. He nui nā wehe 'ia mai ko lakou mau wahi i noho ai Bosnian War. A noʻonoʻo hoakaka ana o ka pele o ka heluna kanaka, ua like penei: ka mea e kue hiki ole ke ana me ka maopopo ka wehewehena o ka lāhui a me ka hoʻomana palena, no laila, luku systematically a pau i ka poe uuku a me ka diaspora enclaves i ke kaua. E ho oka awale i ka ?? eoi? Hoopa Serbs, Bosnians a me ka Croats.

Genocide a me ka noho hookolokolo

War hewa i hana 'ia nā Bosnians a Serbs me ka Croats. Ua wehewehe i ko lakou mau atrocities ma retaliation no kona compatriots. Bosnians e terrorize Serb civilians hana pūʻulu "speculators." Ka mea, alakai aku ia kaua ma maluhia Slavic kauhale.

Ka hewa loa weliweli ua lilo i Serbian luku mai i loko o Srebrenica. E like me ka un olelo hooholo, i ka makahiki 1993, keia kulanakauhale, a me ka puni kaiāulu i hai aku i ka maluhia awa. Muslim nā mea pakele i huki hoʻi mai nā wahi mai o Bosnia. Ma July 1995 Srebrenica hoopio iho la ia Serbs. Lakou i hana i ka luku i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, a luku aku e like me kekahi mau koho, ma kahi o 8000 civilians o Muslim e noho ana - keiki, na wahine, a me ka kūpuna. I kēia lā, nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua Bosnian War 92-95 makahiki. ka loa kaulana o kēia brutal Episode.

Ka luku ma Srebrenica ua nō, ua hoʻokolokoloʻia e ka International karaima noho hookolokolo no ka mea mua Yugoslavia. March 24, 2016,, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka makahiki 40 i loko o ka hale paʻahao mua Peresidena o Republika Srpska, Radovan Karadzic. He paionia 'i na mea he nui o ka hewa i ka poe i ike ai i ka Bosnian War. Photo hoahewa hou palahalaha ae ma ka honua kaomi, e like me ia ma ka mua 90. Karadzic a mea i kuleana no ka mea hiki ma Srebrenica. Akamai lapaʻau nāna loaa ia ia ma hope o ka umi-makahiki ola o ka mahuka ma lalo o ka inoa wahaheʻe i loko o Belgrade.

Koa 'uao o ka mea' ē ma

Kela a me keia makahiki, i ka Bosnian Serb-Croat kaua me ke komo 'ana i increasingly chaotic a me ka mokuahana. Ua lilo i mea akaka i kekahi o na aoao a hiki i ke kue e,ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou pahu hopu ma ka hookahe koko ana. Ma ka US, ka he kulana, hoomaka ae la na Aupuni e lawe i kaʻeleu loa i loko o ke kūkākūkā kaʻina. Ke anu u mua e hoʻonā i ke kue i ka aelike i pau i ke kaua ana o Croats a me ka Bosnians. palapala pili i kakau inoa ma March 1994 ma Vienna a me Washington. i kono ke Bosnian Serbs i i ka negotiating papa, akā, ka mea e mai i ke hoouna aku i ko lakou mau diplomats.

Bosnian War, he Hawaii photo mai o nā mahinaʻai e hāʻule i loko o ka haole ahakanaka mau walawala ke West, akā, i loko o ka Balkans ka mea i ike i commonplace. Ma kēia mau ana, i ka Initiative i loko o kā lākou mau lima i NATO. Na Americans a me kā lākou mau allies, a me ke kākoʻo mai o ke Aupuni Hui Pū 'hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau i kekahi kumumanao no ka mokulele bombing Serb kulana. Ka oihana hana "e manaʻo e pili ana i ka mana o ke" hoomaka ma August 30. Bombing kōkua i ka Bosnians a Croats e holo ikaika Serbs ma ka strategically nui wahi o ka plateau Ozren, a ma ka Western Bosnia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena o ka NATO piʻiʻana i ka punohu o ka hoʻopuniʻana o Sarajevo, a mau ae la kekahi mau makahiki. Ma hope o ia, ke kaua Serbian-Bosnian i hōʻea mai kona hopena. All aoao a hiki i ke kue i ua hookahe keʻokeʻo. Ma ka moku'āina haʻalele i ka pau noho, koa a me ka hanalima aeuiiai ieaia?.

Dayton

Hope ke kūkā 'ma waena o ia nei hoa paio ka hoʻomaka' ana i loko o'ākilikai nā mokuna. I ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke oki ai-ke ahi Ua ae like ma ka US koa kumu i loko o Dayton. Ke kūlana hōʻailona o nā securities mai ai i loko o ka Elysee Palace ma Paris December 14, 1995. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka Peresidena o Bosnia maka o ka hana pili Alija Izetbegovic, Peresidena o Serbia, Slobodan Milosevic a me Croatian Pelekikena Franjo Tudjman. Ua paʻa ka mua kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana ma lalo o ka patronage o ke kilo'āina - ka UK, Germany, Rusia, USA a me Palani.

E like me ka 'aelike, e pili ana i ka hou ana - o ka Hui o Bosnia, a Herzegovina, a Republika Srpska. Kūloko mokuna i, ua lawe mai i loko o ia ke ala i kēlā me kēia kumuhana i loaa ka like loa o ka aina. Eia hou kekahi, Bosnia hoʻolauna i ke NATO peacekeeping max. ua lilo i guarantor o ka mālama 'ana o ka maluhia mau koa i loko o ka maopopo Makamae wahi.

Wela hoopaapaa ana i ka ikaika iloko o ke kaua Bosnian. Documentary maopopo o ke kaua hewa i ua hoololiia no ka lahui noho hookolokolo, i hana i keia la. Ua ua hookolokoloia mai ai au e like me ka maʻamau hula a me nā moʻopuna initiators atrocities "ma o ka luna". Nā loea kālai'āina, a koa i hoʻonohonoho i ka genocide ka hui maluhia 'heluna kanaka, i ua wehe' ia mai ka mana.

E like me ka oihana mana, i ke kumu o ke kaua Bosnian ua i ka lāhui kaua ma Yugoslavia disintegrated. Dayton i mālama ai me kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai haʻilula i kēia mahae lehulehu. ʻOiai ka Balkans koe mai i kekahi kumu o ka hoʻopilikia no ka mea a pau o Europa, hamama ikaika ma ka pālākiō o ke kaua ma laila, ma hope hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Ua ua i ka pomaikai ma ka hoʻonohonoho 'diplomacy (albeit belated). Bosnian kaua a me ka lalau wale, a kapa iho la ia, haʻalele ka nunui hoailona ma ka hopena o ka kūloko heluna. I kēia lā, he mea ole Bosniak paha Serb, kona ohana makemake ole e loli ma ka weliweli inherently oukou paio mau makahiki aku nei.