Cephalosporins i loko o nā papa: papa. Hō'ike o nā hanauna hanauna a pau o cephalosporins mai ka lā 1 a 5 a

'O kekahi o nā pū'ulu lā'au ikaika loa he cephalosporins. Ua'ike'ia lākou ma ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia 20, akā i loko o nā makahiki i hala koke nei, ua loa'a nā lā'au lapa'au he nui. He'elima mau hanauna o kēia mau lā'au'alopelo. 'O ka mea ma'amau ka cephalosporins i nā papa. Ua kūpono loa lākou e kū'ē i nā ma'i he nui a ua mālama maika'i'ia e nā'ōpiopio. He kūpono ia e lawe aku iā lākou, a ua koho pinepine'ia lākou e nā kauka i ka mālama'ana i nā ma'i ma'i.

'O ka hana'ana o ka papa hana lā'au'alopelo

Ma nā kenekulia 40 o ka 20st century, ua'ike'o ka'enekema'o Italian Brodzu kahi ha'uki me ka hana antibacterial i ka wā e a'o ai i nā ma'i o typhus. Ua ikaika ia ma muli o ka'āmiko-maika'i a me ka huapalapala kala. Hope nä känaka 'epekema kaʻawale mai keia fungus waiwai i kapa cephalosporin C. Ma kona kumu i hana antibacterials hui ma ka cephalosporin pae. Ua pale aku lākou i ka penicillinase a ua ho'ohana'ia i nā manawa i loa'a'ole ai ka penicillin. 'O ka ho'omākaukau mua'ana o kēia hui'o "Cephaloridine".

I kēia manawa,'elima mau hanauna o nā hephalosporins, e ho'ohui ana i nā lā'au'oihana he 50. Ma waho a'e o ka ho'omākaukau'ana ma luna o ka pā'ani, ua ho'olālā'ia nā'enehu semi-synthetic, a ua'oi aku ka pa'apa'a a ua nui ka hana.

Pehea e hana ai kēia mau lā'au pailapila?

'O ka hopena antibacterial o cephalosporins e hilina'i'ia i ko lākou hiki ke ho'opau i nā enzymes e ho'olālā i ka membrane cell o ka bacteria. No laila, he hana wale nō lākou no ka ulu'ana a me ka ho'omāhuahua'ana i nā mea'eha. Hoomakaukau o ka hanauna mua elua, he mana i ka staphylococcal a me ka streptococcal maʻiʻaʻai, akā, ua luku e Hoʻokolohua-lactamases hua mai la ia e Gram-io koʻohune. 'O nā hanauna hope loa o nā lā'au lapa'au, kahi i lawe'ia ai ka waiwai nui o ka waiwai, i lawe'ia mai ka ha'iki, i nā mea synthetic, ua pa'a loa. Ua ho'ohana'ia lākou i nā ma'i he nui, akā ua hō'oia'ole i ka staphylococci a me streptococci.

'O ke kau'ana o kēlā mephalosporins

Hiki ke ho'oka'awale i kēia mau hana i loko o nā hui e like me nā papahana like'ole: e like me ke'ano o ka hana, ka maika'i a i'ole ke'ano o ka ho'oponopono'ana. 'O ka'oihana ma'amau ka ho'ohui'ia'ana o lākou e ka hanauna:

- i loa'a nā lā'au'alopona mua i nā 60 o ka 20st century. 'O kēia "Cephalexin", "Cefazolin", "Cefadroxil" a me nā mea'ē a'e. I kēia manawa ua nui nā analog a me nā'ano ho'oku'u'ana: ma ke'ano o ke kanikau, papa, capsules a ho'omaha paha;

-'O ka lua o ka hanauna o nā lā'au'alopelo he'oi a'e ke kū'oko'a i ka beta-lactamase. I ka manawa pinepine, ho'ohana'ia kēlā mea cephalosporins i loko o nā papa: "Cefuroxime axetil" a me "Cefaclor";

- ke kolu o ka hanauna e pili ana i "Cefixim", "Ceftibuten", "Cefotaxime" a me nā mea'ē a'e;

- i ka hā o ka hanauna, aia wale nō nā ho'omākaukau no nā hana'e'e. Ka mea, e hoʻopale ano e Hoʻokolohua-lactamases a i ka palahalaha pae o ka ha awina e ku e ia Gram-maikaʻi koʻohune. 'O kēia'o "Tsefipim" a me "Tsefpyrom";

- I kēia mau lā, ua loa'a nā cphaphaporins o ka 5'ene hanauna. I loko o nā papa,'a'ole i ho'oku'u'ia i kēia manawa, akā, no ka nui o nā ma'i i'ike'ia i loko o kēia mau lā'au lapa'au.

'O ke'ano o ka ho'ohana'ana o kēia cephalosporins

'O kēia mau lā'au lapa'au ke'ano maika'i, akā,'a'ole nā mea pā'ani a pau i hiki i ko lākou hopena. Hiki i nā nephalosporins pono'ole ke kū'ē i ka enterococcus, pneumococcus, listeria, pseudomonas, chlamydia a me ka mycoplasma. Akā, hiki ke ma'alahi lākou i ka mālama'ana i nā ma'i:

- Cystitis, pyelonephritis, ma'i ma'i a me nā ma'i'eke'eke'ē a'e;

- Angina streptococcal;

- nā ma'i'eha o ka'upena'emoku ki'eki'e;

- otitis media;

- sinusitis;

- Ka ma'i āpau a me ka ma'i ma'amau;

- Gonorrhea;

- shigellosis;

- furunculosis;

He kūpono nō ho'i ia no ka pale'ana i nā ma'i o ka hope.

Nā hopena o kēia mau lā'au lapa'au

Ki'i'ia nā pīhāhalosporins i loko o nā papa, akā hiki ke hana i kekahi manawa i ka eha o ka'ōpū, keuse, vomiting, a me ka ma'i pa. Ke hiki i ka loiloi'ana i nā lā'au lapalapa,'ā'ana a me ke ahi ma kahi kahua hana. 'O ka mea ma'amau, he mea'awa'awa a pa'i ka cephalosporins e nā keiki li'ili'i. E like me nā lā'au lapa'au antibacterial a pau, hiki iā lākou ke ho'oulu i nā mea hō'eha me nā ma'i i ka hana o ke ake a me nā pu'upa'a. Hiki ke ho'ololi i ke ki'i o ke koko. Hiki ke mālama'ia me ka cephalosporins i nā ma'i mākuaeral ma lalo o ka nānā a ke kauka i loko o kahi ke'ena lapa'au. Hiki ke'ae'ia nā hopena hopena ma nā'ano hihia. I ka wā e mālama ai ka ma'i, e ho'ohana ana i ka cephalosporins i loko o nā papa, pono'oe e hahai i nā kuhikuhi a lawe i nā lā'au hou e pale ai i ka dysbacteriosis. 'O ia ke kumu hiki'ole ke ho'ohana'ia kēlā mau lā'au me ka kau'ole o ke kauka.

No ke aha e ho'ohana pinepine'ia ai kēia cephalosporins i loko o nā papa

'A'ole ka pāna'i o ka uku ma kēia mea. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,'a'ole pono'oe e kū'ai i nā ku'i hou a me nā hō'oia, e uku i nā kānaka lapa'au. Hiki ke kū'ai'ia nā pākaukau no ka papa hana'ana mai 50 a 250 mau kiwi,'o ka'oi aku o ka uku ke ho'omaha - e pili ana i 500.

He mea ko'iko'i ka hopena o ka ho'ona'auao. He nui nā po'e ma'i,'o nā keiki paha, he pilikino nui i ka'oia'i'o o ke injection.

I ka wā i ho'okahe'ia, hiki i nā ku'iku'i o ke kīpona'oko'a. 'O kēia ke kumu e ho'ohana nui'ia ai ke'ano o ka hopena hopena i ka lā'au lapa'au, ke ho'ololi'ia ka ma'i o ka mea ma'i i ka ho'oponopono waha o ka lā'au lapa'au. E pili ana kēia i nā'oihana pediatric. A ma ke'ano ma'amau no ka ho'oma'ama'a'ana i nā keiki e ho'ā'o e ho'ohana i nā lā'au'alopelo o ka cephalosporins pū'ulu i loko o nā papa. 'O ke kumu pono loa kēia no ka mālama'ana i nā ma'i'eha'ole. Akā ma nā hihia, pono'oe e hilina'i i ka'ōlelo a'o a ke kauka. Hiki wale i kahi kauka ke koho i ke kōkua'ana o ka cephalosporin ma kēia hihia.

Nā kuhikuhi no ka ho'ohana

Nā papa ai'ole nā capsule, kahi i ho'oku'u'ia ai kēia mau mea'alopelo, pono e inu ma'amau ma ka'ōlelo a'o a ke kauka.

'O ka mea ma'amau, ua ho'onohonoho'ia nā mākua i 1 gram o ka lā'au lā'au i kēlā me kēia 6-12 hola. No nā keiki, ua helu'ia ka hopena i ka kaumaha a'a'ole hā'awi pinepine'ia nā lā'au lapa'au ma mua o'ekolu manawa i ka lā. No ka maika'i o ka hana'ana, nā papa me ka wehe'ana i kahi, a me ka syrup a me ka ho'oku'u'ia, ua hana'ia he mea'olu'olu ia. Ma kēia'ano i ho'ohana pinepine'ia ai ka cephalosporins no ka mālama'ana i nā keiki. Mai ho'ohana i kēia mau lā'au lapa'au wale nō i nā'ōpiopio ma mua o'ekolu mahina. 'O ka'oi aku o ka manawa, he 7-10 mau lā o ka mālama'ana, akā'o ia wale nō ma ka ma'i o ka ma'i. I ka manawa ma'amau ma hope o ka ho'onui'ana, pono'oe e ho'omau i ke kau'ana i ka lā'au no nā lā he 2-3. He mea maika'i loa ke inu i nā lā'au lapa'au ma hope o ka'aina'ana, no laila maika'i e lawe i nā cephalosporins i loko o nā papa. Ke a'o'ia nei ho'i he mea kūpono iā lākou e lawe i nā mea hana a me nā mea ho'omākaukau no kahi dysbacteriosis.

Cephalosporins o nā hanauna mua'ekolu

Ua a'o'ia kēia mau mea, ho'ohana lō'ihi a ho'ohana'ia i nā lā'au lapa'au. He nui nā mea e noho nei ma nā'ano like'ole:

- i ka lepo no ka ho'omākaukau'ana i ka waiwai no ka ini;

I ka lepo no ka ho'omaha;

- i nā po'o;

- i loko o nā waihona i loko o nā mea like'ole o ka mea hana;

- i ka pa'akai no nā keiki.

Ho'opuka pinepine'ia kēia mau lā'au lapa'au no ka ho'oma'ema'e'ana i nā ma'i li'ili'i o ka'ōhū o ka'ōhumu ki'eki'e, ka urogenital system, ka'ili a me ka momona. Mai ka mua a hiki i ke kolu o nā hanauna o kēia mau mea'ūpikipiki, he pi'i ka'oihana e kū'ē i nā huapalapala kalapili'ole, akā'o nā mea'anohu kūmole kūpono ka'oi aku o ke kū'oko'a iā lākou. I ka hanauna mua o kēia mau lā'au'alopelo, koe wale nō nā lā'au lapa'au,'o nā inoa i hō'ike pono'ia iā lākou iho, e komo pū me Biodroxil, Keflex, Palitrex, Sefril a me Soleksin. Ho'ohui'ia ka mea pono me ka palekana maika'i.'O nā lā'au lapa'au kaulana loa'o ia'o "Zinnat", "Supraks", "Axoxef", Zinoximor "a me" Zeclor. " I kēia mau lā, ua hua'ia nā antibiotic-cephalosporins i loko o nā papa o ka hanauna'ekolu. Hiki ke loa'a iā lākou ma lalo o nā inoa o kēia mau inoa: "Orelox", "Tsedeks" a me nā mea'ē a'e. Ho'ohana pinepine'ia lākou i ka hana'ōpiopio.

'O kēia mau pīpila pālolo

'O nā kinikona o kēia hui, no ka 4 a me ka 5, ua'ike koke'ia. He mau lā'au antibacterial wale nō lākou a he nui nā'ano hana.

'Oiai'o ia mau lā'au lapa'au e ho'ohana wale'ia ma ke'ano o ka ho'opi'i'ana,'o ia ke'ano o kā lākou hana maika'i. 'A'ole hiki i nā'epekema ke ho'okō i kēlā mau papa cephalosporins me ka loli pinepine, akā'a'ole na'e e nalowale kā lākou hana. 'O ka hā o ka hanauna,'o ia ka mea i ho'ohana nui'ia: Maxipim, Tsefepim, Izodep, Kaiten, Ladef, Movizar a me nā mea'ē a'e. Ho'ohana'ia lākou a pau i ka haukapila no ka mālama'ana i nā ma'i'ino. I kēia mau lā, ua'ike'ia nā lā'au'alopelo o ka 5 -'o "Ceftosolan" a me "Ceftobiprol Medocaryl". Ua'oi aku ka maika'i o ia mau mea i ka nui o nā microorganu i'ike'ia.